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Nejm Bar Zahroon
Ganzibra Negm bar Zahroon (baptismal name: Adam Negm bar Zakia Zihrun ; ; born 1892, Huwaiza; died 1976, Qal'at Saleh District) was a Mandaean priest. He is known for his role as E. S. Drower's main field consultant who helped her procure dozens of Mandaic texts, now kept in the Bodleian Library's Drower Collection. Names He is often known simply as Sheikh Negm or Sheikh Nejm in E. S. Drower's writings. His Mandaean baptismal name is Adam Negm bar Zakia Zihrun bar Ram Zihrun (or also Negm bar Zihrun ). In his letters to Drower, he refers to himself as Sheikh Negm, son of Sheikh Zahroon. Life Sheikh Negm was born in Huwaiza in 1892 into the Khaffagi (written Mandaic: ''Kupašia'') clan. He lived in Khorramshahr during his early youth. He later moved to Liṭlaṭa, Qal'at Saleh in 1914, where he was later initiated as a tarmida. He became acquainted with E. S. Drower sometime before 1933, with whom he had a lifelong collaboration. He helped Drower obtain many of the Mandaic manusc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganzibra
A ganzibra (singular form in , plural form in , literally 'treasurer' in Mandaic; ) is a high priest in Mandaeism. Tarmidas, or junior priests, rank below the ganzibras.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Symbolically, ganzibras are considered to be uthras on earth ( Tibil). Their responsibilities include performing masbuta, masiqta, wedding ceremonies, and other rituals, all of which can only be performed by priests. They must prepare their own food to maintain ritual purity. Ganzibra priests are also prohibited from consuming stimulants such as wine, tobacco, and coffee. Ordination The ganzibras go through an elaborate set of initiation rituals that are separate from those performed for the tarmidas. According Drower (1937), a ganzibra can only be initiated immediately before the death of a pious member of the Mandaean community. Two ganzibras and two shgandas are required to perform the initiation. Drower, E. S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zihrun
Zihrun (; sometimes also spelled Zahrun or Zahroon), is an uthra (angel or guardian) in the World of Light. He is the main subject of the Mandaean scroll ''Zihrun Raza Kasia''. The uthra Zhir (meaning 'secured') is often mentioned as part of a pair with Zihrun. Zihrun is also a Mandaean male given name. Well-known historical Mandaean priests named Zihrun include the 19th-century priest Ram Zihrun. In Mandaean scriptures Zihrun is mentioned in ''Right Ginza'' 4 as Zihrun-Uthra (also called Yusmir-Kana, with ''Kana'' meaning 'source' or 'place') and ''Right Ginza'' 8, and in ''Mandaean Book of John'' 62 as a "morning star." Qulasta prayers 2, 3, 240, and 319 mention him as Zihrun Raza ("Zihrun the Mystery"). He is described as an uthra of radiance, light, and glory in Qulasta prayers 2 and 3, with prayer 2 mentioning Manda d-Hayyi as an emanation of Zihrun. Qulasta prayers 332, 340, 341, and 374 mention him as the name for a drabsha (banner), and prayer 347 mentions him as Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mandaean Priests
This article contains a list of historical and active Mandaean priests, all of whom have the ranks of Rishama, Ganzibra or Tarmida. Mandaean priestly families include the Manduia (Manduwi), Kupašia ( Khaffagi), Kuhailia ( Choheili), and Durakia (Dorragi) families, all of which can be traced back to the mid-1400s. List of Mandaean priests Active As of 2023, Australia has the largest number of active Mandaean priests, all of whom reside in the Western Sydney region. Most of the following list of currently active Mandaean priests is based on Buckley (2023) and from ''The Worlds of Mandaean Priests'' website curated by Christine Robins, Yuhana Nashmi et al. Note that this is a partial, incomplete list. *Rishamma Sattar Jabbar Hilow, Iraq *Rishamma Salah Choheili, Australia *Rishamma Professor Brikha Nasoraia, Australia *Ganzibra Najah Choheili, Iran *Ganzibra Khaldoon Majid Abdullah, Australia *Ganzibra Waleed Khashan, Australia (also known as Walid Abdul Razzak or Walid Ebadfard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nijmegen
Nijmegen ( , ; Nijmeegs: ) is the largest city in the Dutch province of Gelderland and the ninth largest of the Netherlands as a whole. Located on the Waal River close to the German border, Nijmegen is one of the oldest cities in the Netherlands and the first to be recognized as such in Roman times. In 2005, it celebrated 2,000 years of existence. Nijmegen became a free imperial city in 1230 and in 1402 a Hanseatic city. Since 1923 it has been a university city with the opening of a Catholic institution now known as the Radboud University Nijmegen. The city is well known for the annual International Four Days Marches Nijmegen event. Its population as of 2024 was 187,011. Population centres The municipality is formed by the city of Nijmegen, incorporating the former villages of Hatert, Hees and Neerbosch, as well as the urban expansion projects in Veur-Lent, Nijmegen-Oosterhout and Nijmegen–Ressen, all situated north of the river Waal. Proximity of border ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brikha Nasoraia
Rishama Brikha H. S. Nasoraia (full name: Brikha Haithem Saed Naṣoraia; ; born 1964 in Iraq) is an Iraqi-Australian Mandaean priest and scholar based in Sydney, Australia. He is affiliated with the University of Sydney and Mardin Artuklu University. He is currently a Professor of Comparative Semitics, Literature and Art History. He currently holds the rank of rishama, the highest rank of the Mandaean priesthood. Early life and education Brikha Nasoraia was born in Iraq to Mahdi Saed (father; ) and Layla (mother). His Mandaean baptismal name is Sam bar Sam Yuhana (). He belongs to the Kuhailia ( Choheili) family and can thus trace his ancestry back to Adam Zakia, the father of Bihram Bar-Hiia, who lived around 1500 A.D. He was initiated into the Mandaean priesthood by Sheikh Abdullah, son of Sheikh Negm, of Baghdad. He was ordained as a ganzibra (Mandaean high priest) and later emigrated to Sydney, Australia, where he initially served with Ganzibra Salah Choheili. In 2005, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rishama
A rishama (''rišama''; ''riš-ama''), rishamma, or rishema (; ; ; ) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism. It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks. The next ranks are the ''ganzibra'' and ''tarmida'' priests (see Mandaean priest). In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo. In Australia, there are two rishamas, namely Salah Choheili and Brikha Nasoraia. Etymology The Mandaic language, Mandaic term ''rišama'' is derived from the words ''riš'' 'head' and ''ama'' 'people'. Although the term for the Mandaean rishama (ablution), daily minor ablution is also spelled the same in written Classical Mandaic (''rišama''), the word for 'minor ablution' is pronounced in Modern Mandaic as , while 'head priest' is pronounced . Notable ''rishama'' or patriarchs Pre-20th century *Zazai d-Gawazta bar Hawa, patriarch datable to around the year 270 CE and earliest known copyist of Alma Rišaia Zuṭa, Qulasta, The Thousand and Twelve Questions, The Baptism of Hibi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1831 Cholera Epidemic
Events January–March * January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing '' The Liberator'', an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts. * January 10 – Japanese department store, Takashimaya in Kyoto established. * February–March – Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops. * February 2 – Pope Gregory XVI succeeds Pope Pius VIII, as the 254th pope. * February 5 – Dutch naval lieutenant Jan van Speyk blows up his own gunboat in Antwerp rather than strike his colours on the demand of supporters of the Belgian Revolution. * February 7 – The Belgian Constitution of 1831 is approved by the National Congress. *February 8 – French-born botanical explorer Aimé Bonpland leaves Paraguay for Argentina. * February 14 – Battle of Debre Abbay: Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray, and defeats and kills the warlord Sabagadis. * February 25 – Battle of Olszynka Gro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Bihram
Yahya Bihram (also spelled Yahia Bihram; ) was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean priests in 1831. He is mentioned in the colophons of various Mandaean manuscripts. Early life Yahya Bihram was born around 1811 as the son of the Mandaean '' ganzibra'' (high priest) Adam Yuhana (), and belonged to the Qindila ("lamp"), Kamisia, and Riš Draz families. His father, Adam Yuhana, had previously served as an informant for the British Vice-Consul John George Taylor in Basra and taught him to read the '' Ginza Rabba''. Adam Yuhana also copied the manuscripts DC 12, 38, 39, 41, and 53, which are now held at the Bodleian Library's Drower Collection. Yahya Bihram spent his childhood in Basra, in his father's large house next to Taylor's house. Taylor collected various Mandaean texts transcribed by Adam Yuhana, which were later don ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keychain Of Ganzibra Zahroon
A keychain () (also keyring) is a small ring or chain of metal to which several keys, or fobs can be attached. The terms keyring and keychain are often used interchangeably to mean both the individual ring, or a combined unit of a ring and fob. The length of a keychain or fob may also allow an item to be used more easily than if connected directly to a keyring. Some keychains allow one or both ends to rotate, keeping the keychain from becoming twisted, while the item is being used. Use of keychains Advertising & Souvenirs Keychains are one of the most common souvenir and advertising items. In the 1950s and 1960s, with the improvement of plastic manufacturing techniques, promotional items including keychains became unique. Businesses could place their names and logos on promotional keychains that were three-dimensional for less cost than the standard metal keychains. Keychains are small and inexpensive enough to become promotional items for larger national companies t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Mandaic
Neo-Mandaic, also known as Modern Mandaic, sometimes called the "''ratna''" ( "jargon"), is the modern reflex of the Mandaic language, the liturgical language of the Mandaean religious community of Iraq and Iran. Although severely endangered, it survives as the first language of a small number of Mandaeans (possibly as few as 100–200 speakers) in Iran and in the Mandaean diaspora. All Neo-Mandaic speakers are multilingual in the languages of their neighbors, Arabic and Persian, and the influence of these languages upon the grammar of Neo-Mandaic is considerable, particularly in the lexicon and the morphology of the noun. Nevertheless, Neo-Mandaic is more conservative even in these regards than most other Neo-Aramaic languages. General information Neo-Mandaic (ISO 639-3: mid) represents the latest stage of the development of Classical Mandaic, a language of the Middle East which was first attested during the period of Late Antiquity and which continues to be used to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niskayuna, New York
Niskayuna is a town in Schenectady County, New York, United States. The population was 23,278 at the 2020 census. The town is located in the southeast part of the county, east of the city of Schenectady, and is the easternmost town in the county. History The town of Niskayuna was created on March 7, 1809, from the town of Watervliet, with an initial population of 681. The town's name was derived from early patents to Dutch settlers: ''Nis-ti-go-wo-ne'' or ''Co-nis-tig-i-one'', both derived from the Mohawk language. The 19th-century historians Howell and Munsell mistakenly identified Conistigione as an Indian tribe, but they were a band of Mohawk people known by the term for this location. The original meaning of the words translate roughly as "extensive corn flats", as the Mohawk for centuries cultivated maize fields in the fertile bottomlands along today's Mohawk River. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinan Abdullah
Sinan Abdul Jabbar Abdullah (born 1947; ) is a Mandaean-American dentist and community leader. He and his twin brother Haithem are known as the first American-born Mandaeans. Biography Sinan Abdullah (full name: Sinan Abdul Jabbar Abdullah, ) was born in 1947. His father Abdul Jabbar Abdullah was a physicist and university administrator who immigrated to the United States from Iraq, while his paternal grandfather was the Mandaean priest Ganzibra Abdullah bar Sam. He and his twin brother Haithem were the first Mandaeans born in the United States. In 1979, Sinan married his wife Rand in Iraq. Their wedding ceremony was officiated by his grandfather, Ganzibra Abdullah bar Sam. Sinan Abdullah is a dentist who has lived in Niskayuna, New York; Colonie, New York; and other locations. He owns various Mandaean manuscripts that were analyzed by scholars such as Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley and Charles G. Häberl, including a photocopy of a manuscript of the Mandaean Book of John that was copi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
