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Nduma Defense Of Congo
The Nduma Defense of Congo ( or NDC, also known as Mai-Mai Sheka) is a rebel group based in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is one of the various Mai-Mai rebel militias that were formed ostensibly to defend villages from attacks from Rwandan forces and Rwandan-backed rebel groups. However, the NDC have been accused of sexual violence, looting, and fighting all sides including fellow militias, the Congolese military, and the United Nations. The NDC was formed in 2009 by former minerals trader Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka, an ethnic Nyanga. Sheka claims the group was formed to liberate the mines of Walikale Territory in North Kivu. According to the United Nations, Sheka commanded a mass rape of at least 387 women, men, and children over a three-day span in Walikale in 2010. This was said to be a punishment for the villagers collaborating with the Congolese government forces. In 2011, Sheka was added to a United Nations Security Council sanctions list and a warrant was is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nduma Defense Of Congo-Renovated
Nduma Defense of Congo—Renovated () is a Congolese rebel group operating in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a splinter faction of the Nduma Defense of Congo (NDC) and controls large parts of the North Kivu province, and has been a major participant of the Kivu conflict since its split from the NDC in 2014. History Creation and split from the NDC In September 2014, Guidon split from Nduma Defense of Congo (NDC) and created a rival faction called the NDC–Rénové along with other NDC commanders, in particular the movement’s head of intelligence, Gilbert Bwira Chuo, who became his deputy. Its creation was due to internal disagreements over the sharing of revenues and leadership in the original group of the NDC. Sheka who was the leader at the time of the NDC kept annoying his associates over his alleged tendency to take sole credit for their exploits and over the uneven sharing of funds. This along with his tendency to not pay his soldiers led a lot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nyanga People
The Nyanga (also ''Banianga'', ''Banyanga'', ''Kinyanga'', ''Nianga'' or ''Nyangas'') are a Bantu people in the African Great Lakes region. Today they live predominantly in the Kivu region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the frontier with Rwanda and Uganda.James Stuart Olson, "Nyanga", ''The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996), 454. They speak the Nyanga language, also called Kinyanga, which is one of the Bantu languages The Bantu languages (English: , Proto-Bantu language, Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀), or Ntu languages are a language family of about 600 languages of Central Africa, Central, Southern Africa, Southern, East Africa, Eastern and Southeast Africa, South .... There are about 150,000 speakers of Nyanga according to a 1994 census, but most are also fluent in Swahili. Their national epic is the karisi '' Mwindo''. Notes Further reading *Biebuyck, Daniel P. ''De hond bij de Nyanga: ritueel en sociologie''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raia Mutomboki
Raïa Mutomboki or Raiya Mutomboki (Swahili; ) are a Mai-Mai militia operating in the South Kivu region in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The group formed in 2005 to fight against Rwandan Hutu groups such as the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) as part of the Kivu conflict. History The group was founded by Pastor Jean Musumbu, who had defected from the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in response to massacres by the FDLR. Raïa Mutomboki is said to use a 'snowballing' recruitment strategy whereby a village is defended or liberated from FDLR or related forces and the males from that village are initiated into the group. The group emerged and reemerged as a reaction to the Congolese Army's relative absence in North and South Kivu. In 2011, the group was reinvigorated when infighting in the Congolese army caused them to withdraw from the fight in eastern provinces. The group's existence is largely a result of the failure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexual Violence In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the east of the country in particular, has been described as the "Rape Capital of the World", and the prevalence and intensity of all forms of sexual violence has been described as the worst in the world. Human Rights Watch defines sexual violence as "an act of a sexual nature by force, or by threat of force or coercion", and rape as "a form of sexual violence during which the body of a person is invaded, resulting in penetration, however slight, of any part of the body of the victim, with a sexual organ, or of the anal or genital opening of the victim with any object or other part of the body." The Democratic Republic of the Congo has had a long history of unrest and instability. Although sexual violence has always occurred in the DRC in some capacity, increased rates of sexual violence coincided with the armed conflicts of the early 1990s and later. Much of the research conducted about sexual violence in the DRC has focused on violen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Congo War
The Second Congo War, also known as Africa's World War or the Great War of Africa, was a major conflict that began on 2 August 1998, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, just over a year after the First Congo War. The war initially erupted when Congolese president Laurent-Désiré Kabila turned against his former allies from Rwanda and Uganda, who had helped him seize power. The conflict expanded as Kabila rallied a coalition of other countries to his defense. The war drew in nine African nations and approximately 25 armed groups, making it one of the largest wars in African history. Although a peace agreement was signed in 2002, and the war officially ended on 18 July 2003 with the establishment of the Transitional Government of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, violence has persisted in various regions, particularly in the east, through ongoing conflicts such as the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency and the Kivu conflict, Kivu and Ituri conflicts. The Second Congo War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nduma Defense Of Congo-Renouveau
Nduma Defense of Congo—Renovated () is a Congolese rebel group operating in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is a splinter faction of the Nduma Defense of Congo (NDC) and controls large parts of the North Kivu province, and has been a major participant of the Kivu conflict since its split from the NDC in 2014. History Creation and split from the NDC In September 2014, Guidon split from Nduma Defense of Congo (NDC) and created a rival faction called the NDC–Rénové along with other NDC commanders, in particular the movement’s head of intelligence, Gilbert Bwira Chuo, who became his deputy. Its creation was due to internal disagreements over the sharing of revenues and leadership in the original group of the NDC. Sheka who was the leader at the time of the NDC kept annoying his associates over his alleged tendency to take sole credit for their exploits and over the uneven sharing of funds. This along with his tendency to not pay his soldiers led a lot of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Splinter Group
A schism ( , , or, less commonly, ) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination. The word is most frequently applied to a split in what had previously been a single religious body, such as the Great East–West Schism or the Western Schism. It is also used of a split within a non-religious organization or movement or, more broadly, of a separation between two or more people, be it brothers, friends, lovers, etc. A schismatic is a person who creates or incites schism in an organization or who is a member of a splinter group. Schismatic as an adjective means pertaining to a schism or schisms, or to those ideas, policies, etc. that are thought to lead towards or promote schism. In religion, the charge of schism is distinguished from that of heresy, since the offence of schism concerns not differences of belief or doctrine but promotion of, or the state of division, especially among groups with differing pastoral jurisdict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Talisman
A talisman is any object ascribed with religious or magical powers intended to protect, heal, or harm individuals for whom they are made. Talismans are often portable objects carried on someone in a variety of ways, but can also be installed permanently in architecture. Talismans are closely linked with amulets, fulfilling many of the same roles, but a key difference is in their functions. An amulet protects a person or possession against evil forces while a talisman provides good fortune. Talismans have been used in many civilizations throughout history, with connections to astrological, scientific, and religious practices; but the theory around preparation and use has changed in some cultures with more recent, new age, talismanic theory. Talismans are used for a wide array of functions, such as: the personal protection of the wearer, loved ones or belongings, aiding in fertility, and helping crop production. Etymology The word ''talisman'' comes from French , via Arabic (, p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2014 North Kivu Offensive
On 30 June or 2 July 2014, the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and United Nations forces launched an offensive against rebel groups in the Masisi Territory, Masisi and Walikale Territory, Walikale territories, part of the North Kivu province, in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Offensive The operation was launched simultaneously from Walikale and Kashebere towards Kibua. By 3 July armed forces have already liberated Mungazi, Kibati and Ishunga in Luberi territory. On 10 July army reported that Kibua and Bunyampuli have been recaptured. On 28 July MONUSCO spokesman claimed that army controlled Hihama and Utunda areas and mining area of Angoa. On 4 August militiamen returned to the region following withdrawal of armed forces. On 8 August armed forces again launched offensive clashing with NDC in Angowa and Kabombo. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers as outlined in the United Nations Charter include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with authority to issue resolutions that are binding on member states. Like the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created after World War II to address the failings of the League of Nations in maintaining world peace. It held its first session on 17 January 1946 but was largely paralysed in the following decades by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union (and their allies). Nevertheless, it authorized military interventions in the Korean War and the Congo Crisis and peaceke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walikale
Walikale is a town in the North Kivu Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is the administrative center of the Walikale Territory. Walikale is home to the largest tin deposits in the Congo and to some very large gold mines, as well. In particular, the Bisie mine is supposed to account for somewhere between 50 and 80% of tin exports from North Kivu. The control of Bisie mine is a main source of contention within the Congolese army, as it provides for upwards of $100,000 a month in taxes for local soldiers. This does not include the individual pits that some commanders control and or the kickbacks they get from trading houses. Timeline * In Aug 2010, at least 179 women were raped by armed rebels around the small town of Ruvungi in Walikale Territory between July 30 and August 2. * On 17 July 2012, Walikale town was taken over by rebel forces from local militia Mai Mai Raia Motumboki. *On 10 June 2014, The administrator of Lubero Territory, Joy Bokele, r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mass Rape
Mass sexual assault is the collective sexual assault of women, men and sometimes children, in public by groups. Typically acting under the protective cover of large gatherings, victims have reported being groped, stripped, beaten, bitten, penetrated and raped. Egypt In Egypt, several mass sexual assaults have received wide international coverage.transcript at CBS In , the term "mass sexual assaults" translates as (), often incorrectly transliterated in the mediaShams, Alex (21 January 2016) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
