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Nato Reporting Name
NATO uses a system of code names, called reporting names, to denote military aircraft and other equipment used by post-Soviet states, former Warsaw Pact countries, China, and other countries. The system assists military communications by providing short, one- or two-syllable names, as alternatives to the precise proper names, which may be easily confused under operational conditions or are unknown in the Western world. The assignment of reporting names is managed by the Five Eyes Air Force Interoperability Council (AFIC), previously known as the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee (ASCC), which is separate from NATO. Based in Washington DC, AFIC comprises representatives from the militaries of three NATO members (Canada, the United Kingdom and United States) and two non-NATO countries (Australia and New Zealand). When the system was introduced in the 1950s, reporting names also implicitly designated potentially hostile aircraft. However, since the end of the Cold War, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member states—30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements the North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C., on 4 April 1949. NATO is a collective security system: its independent member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, and has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa. The organization's motto is . The organization's strategic concepts include Deterrence theory, deterrence. NATO headquarters, NATO's main headquarter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupolev Tu-16
The Tupolev Tu-16 (USAF/DOD reporting name Type 39; NATO reporting name: Badger) is a twin-engined jet strategic heavy bomber used by the Soviet Union. It has been flown for almost 70 years. While many aircraft in Soviet service were retired after the Cold War ended, the Chinese license-built version Xian H-6 remains in service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force, with the most modern variant, the H-6K, still being actively produced . Development In the late 1940s, the Soviet Union was strongly committed to matching the United States in strategic bombing capability. The Soviets' only long-range bomber at the time was Tupolev's Tu-4 "Bull", a reverse-engineered copy of the American B-29 Superfortress. The development of the notably powerful Mikulin AM-3 turbojet led to the possibility of a large, jet-powered bomber. The Tupolev design bureau began work on the Tu-88 ("Aircraft N") prototypes in 1950. The Tu-88 first flew on 27 April 1952. After winning a competition ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS-1 Scud
A Scud missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was exported widely to both Second and Third World countries. The term comes from the NATO reporting name attached to the missile by Western intelligence agencies. The Russian names for the missile are the R-11 (the first version), and the R-17 (later R-300) Elbrus (later developments). The name Scud has been widely used to refer to these missiles and the wide variety of derivative variants developed in other countries based on the Soviet design. Scud missiles have been used in combat since the 1970s, mostly in wars in the Middle East. They became familiar to the Western public during the 1991 Persian Gulf War, when Iraq fired dozens at Saudi Arabia and Israel. In Russian service, it has been replaced by the 9K720 Iskander. Development The first use of the term ''Scud'' was in the NATO name SS-1b Scud-A, applied to the R-11 Zemlya ballistic missile. The earli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of NATO Reporting Names For Surface-to-air Missiles
NATO reporting name corresponding to US DoD SA series surface-to-air missiles, with Soviet designations or Chinese designations: To differentiate Russian missiles from similarly named Chinese ones, ''RS'' prefix was added to the US DoD reporting name. For example, SA-N-7 became RS-SA-N-7. Soviet Union * SA-1 Guild (S-25 ''Berkut'') * SA-2 Guideline (S-75 ''Dvina''/''Volkhov''/''Desna'') * SA-3 Goa (S-125 ''Nyeva'') * SA-4 Ganef (9M8 ''Krug'') * SA-5 Gammon (S-200 ''Volga'') * SA-6 Gainful (2K12 ''Kub''/''Kvadrat'') * SA-7 Grail (9K32 ''Strela-2'') * SA-8 Gecko (9K33 ''Osa'') * SA-9 Gaskin (9K31 ''Strela-1'') * SA-10 Grumble (S-300P/PS/PT) * SA-11 Gadfly (9K37 ''Buk'') * SA-12 Gladiator/Giant (S-300V) * SA-13 Gopher (9K35 ''Strela-10'') * SA-14 Gremlin (9K36 ''Strela-3'') * SA-15 Gauntlet (9K330/9K331/9K332 ''Tor'') * SA-16 Gimlet (9K310 ''Igla-1'') * SA-17 Grizzly (9K37 ''Buk-M1-2'') * SA-18 Grouse (9K38 ''Igla'') * SA-19 Grison (2K22 ''Tunguska'') * SA-20 Gargo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SA-15 Gauntlet
The Tor (; ) is an all-weather, low-to medium-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system designed for destroying airplanes, helicopters, cruise missiles, unmanned aerial vehicles and short-range ballistic threats (anti-munitions). Originally developed by the Soviet Union under the GRAU designation 9K330 Tor, the system is commonly known by its NATO reporting name, SA-15 "Gauntlet". A navalized variant was developed under the name 3K95 "Kinzhal", also known as the SA-N-9 "Gauntlet". Tor was designed to shoot down guided weapons like the AGM-86 ALCM and BGM-34 day and night, in bad weather and jamming situations. Tor can detect targets while on the move. The vehicle must stop intermittently when firing, although trials have been conducted with the goal of eliminating this restriction. Development The development of the Tor missile system started on 4 February 1975, in response to the directives of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Initiated as a successor to the 9K3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of NATO Reporting Names For Air-to-surface Missiles
NATO reporting name for AS series air-to-surface missiles, with Soviet designations: Note: The Soviet / Russian designation is a Cyrillic letter " Х", which is translated as "Kh" or "H". Also, sometimes a combination ("complex") of a missile with its aircraft is marked with a letter "K" (for example, a missile Kh-22 with an aircraft is a "complex K-22"). The Cyrillic "X" (read "Kh") in the designation of Soviet ASMs is in fact a Latin " X" ("ecks") for Xperimental, as used by the design bureau. With passing time, however, this was ignored and used in Soviet/Russian as well as foreign literature as the Cyrillic Kh. Soviet Union/Russia * AS-1 "Kennel" (KS-1 ''Kometa'') * AS-2 "Kipper" (K-10S ''Yen'') * AS-3 "Kangaroo" (Kh-20) * AS-4 "Kitchen" (Kh-22 Burya) * AS-5 "Kelt" (Kh-11/KSR-2) * AS-6 "Kingfish" (Kh-26/KSR-5) * AS-7 "Kerry" (Kh-66, Kh-23 ''Grom'') * AS-8 (9M114V ''Shturm-V'') * AS-9 "Kyle" (Kh-28) * AS-10 "Karen" (Kh-25) * AS-11 "Kilter" (Kh-58 ''Izdeliye D-7'') * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AS-6 Kingfish
The KSR-5, also designated as the Kh-26 (NATO reporting name AS-6 Kingfish) was a long-range, air-launched cruise missile and anti-ship missile developed by the Soviet Union. It was essentially a scaled down version of the Kh-22 'Kitchen', primarily carried by the Tupolev Tu-16 bomber. Background In the early 1960s the development of new nuclear-capable strategic bombers came into a virtual halt in the Soviet Union, with the focus being shifted on nuclear ballistic missiles and developing cruise missiles for existing aircraft. Developments in jet fighters and surface-to-air missiles during the 1950s made the use of nuclear free-fall bombs impractical against densely protected targets while missiles gave bombers the possibility of striking targets beyond the range of enemy anti-aircraft weapons. Description Developed in the late 1960s, the KRS-5 (also designated as the Kh-26) is an improved version of the Kh-22 missile, designed to be smaller, lighter and with a smaller ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of NATO Reporting Names For Air-to-air Missiles
NATO reporting name for AA series air-to-air missile Soviet Union NATO designation for Soviet / Russia missiles: * AA-1 "Alkali" (Kaliningrad K-5) * AA-2 "Atoll" (Vympel K-13) * AA-3 "Anab" (Kaliningrad K-8) * AA-4 "Awl" (Raduga K-9) * AA-5 "Ash" (Bisnovat R-4) * AA-6 "Acrid" (Bisnovat R-40) * AA-7 "Apex" (Vympel R-23) * AA-8 "Aphid" (Molniya R-60) * AA-9 "Amos" (Vympel R-33) * AA-10 "Alamo" (Vympel R-27) * AA-11 "Archer" (Vympel R-73) * AA-12 "Adder" (Vympel R-77) * AA-13 "Axehead" (Vympel R-37) * - none - Novator K-100 (was KS-172, R-172 etc.) China * CH-AA-7 "Adze" (PL-12) * CH-AA-9 (PL-10) * CH-AA-10 "Abaddon" (PL-15) * CH-AA-12 "Auger" (PL-17) See also *NATO reporting name References {{Russian and Soviet missiles, AAM air-to-air missiles An air-to-air missile (AAM) is a missile fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft (including unmanned aircraft such as cruise missiles). AAMs are typically powered by one or more rocke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AA-2 Atoll
The Vympel K-13 (NATO reporting name: AA-2 "Atoll") is a short-range, infrared homing air-to-air missile developed by the Soviet Union. The K-13 is a reverse engineered copy of the American AIM-9 Sidewinder, hence the similar appearance. Although it since has been replaced by more modern missiles in front-line service, it saw widespread service in many nations. Background During the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958, Taiwan's F-86 Sabres faced the much higher performance mainland Chinese PLAAF MiG-17s. The MiG-17s had speed, maneuverability, and altitude advantages over the Sabres, allowing them to engage only when they desired, normally at advantageous times. In response, the US Navy rushed to modify 100 ROCAF Sabres to carry the newly introduced AIM-9 Sidewinder missile. These were introduced into combat on 24 September 1958, when a group of MiG-17s cruised past a flight of Sabres, only for them to be attacked by missiles. This was the first instance of guided missiles being ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilyushin Il-76
The Ilyushin Il-76 (; NATO reporting name: Candid) is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine turbofan strategic airlifter designed by the Soviet Union's Ilyushin design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the Antonov An-12. It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote and poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker and command center. The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Thanks to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for aerial firefighting and reduced-gravity training. Design a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonov An-124
The Antonov An-124 Ruslan (; ; NATO reporting name: Condor) is a large, strategic airlift, four-engined aircraft that was designed in the 1980s by the Antonov design bureau in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union (USSR). The An-124 is the world's second heaviest gross weight production cargo airplane and heaviest operating cargo aircraft, behind the destroyed one-off Antonov An-225 Mriya (a greatly enlarged design based on the An-124). The An-124 remains the largest military transport aircraft in service. In 1971, design work commenced on the project, which was initially referred to as ''Izdeliye 400'' (''Product #400''), at the Antonov Design Bureau in response to a shortage in heavy airlift capability within the Military Transport Aviation Command (''Komandovaniye voyenno-transportnoy aviatsii'' or VTA) arm of the Soviet Air Forces. Two separate final assembly lines plants setup for the aircraft, one at Aviastar-SP (ex. Ulyanovsk Aviation Industrial Complex) in Ulyan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Close Air Support
Close air support (CAS) is defined as aerial warfare actions—often air-to-ground actions such as strafes or airstrikes—by military aircraft against hostile targets in close proximity to friendly forces. A form of fire support, CAS requires detailed integration of each air mission with fire and movement of all forces involved. CAS may be conducted using aerial bombs, glide bombs, missiles, rockets, autocannons, machine guns, and even directed-energy weapons such as lasers.''Close Air Support''. United States Department of Defense, 2014. The requirement for detailed integration because of proximity, fires or movement is the determining factor. CAS may need to be conducted during shaping operations with special forces if the mission requires detailed integration with the fire and movement of those forces. A closely related subset of air interdiction, battlefield air interdiction, denotes interdiction against units with near-term effects on friendly units, but which does not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
