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National Essentialism
, in Japanese language, Japanese pronunciation as or is one of the terms used to describe Japanese nationalism. Terms similar to include and . ''Kokusui shugi'' emphasizes the uniqueness of Japanese culture and tradition against and pursues conservatism; is used in a similar sense. History ''Kokusui shugi'' was based on ''Sonnō jōi'', which emerged before the end of the Edo Shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, it appeared as a reaction to the Europeanization policy pursued by the Empire of Japan government; at that time, the Japan's government was promoting Japan's modernization through the active introduction of Western culture. The term "Kokusui shugi" appears in the Japanese newspaper 『日本人』, which was founded in 1888 in , where Shiga Shigetaka and Miyake Setsurei belonged; they opposed the Japanese government's Europeanization policy at the time. Unlike the early ''kokusui shugi'', in the middle of the Meiji era, the ''kokusui shugi'' ideology embraces Eu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language
is the principal language of the Japonic languages, Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language. There have been many Classification of the Japonic languages, attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as Ainu languages, Ainu, Austronesian languages, Austronesian, Koreanic languages, Koreanic, and the now discredited Altaic languages, Altaic, but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōwa Era
The was a historical period of History of Japan, Japanese history corresponding to the reign of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito) from December 25, 1926, until Death and state funeral of Hirohito, his death on January 7, 1989. It was preceded by the Taishō era and succeeded by the Heisei era. The pre-1945 and post-war Shōwa periods are almost completely different states: the pre-1945 Shōwa era (1926–1945) concerns the Empire of Japan, and the post-1945 Shōwa era (1945–1989) concerns the modern-day Japan. Before 1945, Japan moved into political Statism in Shōwa Japan, totalitarianism, ultranationalism and statism, culminating in Japan's Second Sino-Japanese War, invasion of China in 1937, part of a global period of social upheavals and conflicts such as the Great Depression and the Pacific War. Surrender of Japan, Defeat in the Pacific War brought about radical change in Japan. For the first and only time in its history, Japan was occupation of Japan, occupied by foreign power ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Essentialism
Essentialism is the view that objects have a set of attributes that are necessary to their Identity (philosophy), identity. In early Western thought, Platonic idealism held that all things have such an "essence"—an Theory of forms, "idea" or "form". In ''Categories (Aristotle), Categories'', Aristotle similarly proposed that all objects have a Substance theory, substance that, as George Lakoff put it, "make the thing what it is, and without which it would be not ''that'' kind of thing". The contrary view—non-essentialism—denies the need to posit such an "essence". Essentialism has been controversial from its beginning. In the ''Parmenides (dialogue), Parmenides'' dialogue, Plato depicts Socrates questioning the notion, suggesting that if we accept the idea that every beautiful thing or just action partakes of an essence to be beautiful or just, we must also accept the "existence of separate essences for hair, mud, and dirt". Older social theories were often conceptually esse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservatism In Japan
Conservatism in Japan () is the dominant ideology of the country's post-war politics, notably through the establishment of the " 1955 System" under the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Since its inception in 1955, the LDP has been a dominant force in Japanese politics, embodying the party's conservative policies and shaping the country's governance for much of the post-war era. Mainstream contemporary Japanese conservatives largely believe in stances such as revising the Constitution and a pro-United States foreign policy, while some hold positions including calls for remilitarization and a stronger foreign policy against communist North Korea and China and sometimes South Korea and Russia. Additionally, radical conservatives express anti-LGBT and anti-immigration sentiments as well as engaging in denial of Japanese war crimes prior to and during World War II. History During the Meiji era (1868–1912), Japan underwent a significant transformation as the country embarked o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uyoku Dantai
are Japanese ultranationalist far-right activists, provocateurs, and internet trolls (as '' netto-uyoku'') often organized in groups. In 1996 and 2013, the National Police Agency estimated that there were over 1,000 right-wing groups in Japan, with about 100,000 members in total. Philosophies and activities are well known for their highly visible propaganda vehicles, known as '' gaisensha'' (街宣車). These converted vans, trucks and buses are fitted with loudspeakers and prominently marked with the name of the group and propaganda slogans. The vehicles are usually black, khaki or olive drab, and are decorated with the Imperial Seal, the flag of Japan and the Rising Sun Flag. They are primarily used to stage protests outside organizations such as the Chinese, Korean or Russian embassies, Chongryon facilities and media organizations, where propaganda (both taped and live) is broadcast through their loudspeakers. They can sometimes be seen driving around cities or park ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultranationalism (Japan)
State ultranationalism (超國家主義 or 超国家主義, ''Chōkokkashugi''; lit. "ultra-statism") or simply ultranationalism (ウルトラナショナリズム, ''Urutoranashonarizumu''), refers mainly to the radical statist movement of the Shōwa period, but it can also refer to extreme Japanese nationalism before and after the Shōwa era. State ultranationalists use the authority of the state/nation (国家) through '' Tennō'' as the focus of public loyalty. Other Ikki Kita's "state socialism" or "national socialism" (国家社会主義) is a representative idea referred to as 超国家主義 in Japan. History Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan's political practice had been dominated by statism/nationalism, and in the early 20th century, the middle and lower classes, led by Ikki Kita, who were dissatisfied with the control of national resources by the elder, important ministers, old and new ''Kazoku'', warlords, ''zaibatsu'', and political parties heads since the M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statism In Shōwa Japan
, variously translated as "statism" and "nationalism", "state-nationalism" and "national socialism", was the ruling ideology of the Empire of Japan, particularly during the first decades of the Shōwa era. It is sometimes also referred to as , or Shōwa Statism. Developed over time following the Meiji Restoration, ''Kokkashugi'' incorporated Japanese nationalism, ultranationalism, traditionalist conservatism, Japanese militarism, militarist imperialism, and a dirigisme-based economy. Origins With a more aggressive foreign policy, and victory over China in the First Sino-Japanese War and over Imperial Russia in the Russo-Japanese War, Japan joined the Western imperialist powers. The need for a strong military to secure Japan's new Japanese colonial empire, overseas empire was strengthened by a sense that only through a strong military would Japan earn the respect of Western nations, and thus revision of the Unequal treaty, "unequal treaties" imposed in the 19th century. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nippon Kaigi
is Japan's largest ultraconservative and ultranationalist far-right non-governmental organisation and lobbying group. It was established in 1997 and has approximately 38,000 to 40,000 members as of 2020. The group has significant influence in Japanese politics. In October 2014, 289 of the 480 Japanese National Diet members were part of the group. Many ministers and a few prime ministers are included as members, including Shigeru Ishiba, Tarō Asō, Shinzō Abe, Yoshihide Suga, and Fumio Kishida. The organisation describes its aims as to "change the postwar national consciousness based on the Tokyo Tribunal's view of history as a fundamental problem" and to revise Japan's current Constitution, especially Article 9 which forbids the maintenance of a standing army."Politics and pitfalls of Japan Ethnography" – page 66 – Routledge (18 June 2009) – Edited by Jennifer Robertson The group also aims to promote patriotic education, support official visits to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokusui-kai
The Kokusui-kai ("National Society") (國粹会), founded in 1958 by Masaji Morita, is a Tokyo-based yakuza organization with an estimated 1000 members. Originally a revivalist organization based on the 1919 monarchist anticommunist group of the same name established by statesman Tokonami Takejirō, it temporarily disbanded after country-wide yakuza crackdowns in 1965. Despite its relatively low membership, it is widely viewed as a wealthy and successful gang, controlling Tokyo's fashionable Ginza district. Its ''oyabun'', or godfather, was Kazuyoshi Kudo until his suicide in February 2007. The gang had long been a member of the Kantō Hatsukakai, a federation of Tokyo yakuza groups opposed to the powerful, Kansai-based Yamaguchi-gumi. This changed in August 2005, when in a surprise move, the Kokusui-kai withdrew from the Kantō alliance and became an affiliate of the Yamaguchi-gumi. The timing of the change was particularly interesting: the Yamaguchi-gumi's new godfather, Ken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tennō
The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power". The Imperial Household Law governs the line of imperial succession. Pursuant to his constitutional role as a national symbol, and in accordance with rulings by the Supreme Court of Japan, the emperor is personally immune from prosecution. By virtue of his position as the head of the Imperial House, the emperor is also recognized as the head of the Shinto religion, which holds him to be the direct descendant of the sun goddess Amaterasu. According to tradition, the office of emperor was created in the 7th century BC, but the first historically verifiable emperors appear around the 5th or 6th centuries AD. The role of the emperor of Japan has historically alternated between a largely cer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kokutai
is a concept in the Japanese language translatable as "system of government", "sovereignty", "national identity, essence and character", "national polity; body politic; national entity; basis for the Emperor's sovereignty; Japanese constitution" or nation. Etymology ''Kokutai'' originated as a Sino-Japanese loanword from Chinese ''guoti'' (; "state political system; national governmental structure"). The Japanese compound word joins and . According to the ''Hanyu Da Cidian'', the oldest ''guoti'' usages are in two Chinese classic texts. The 2nd century BC ''Guliang zhuan'' () to the Spring and Autumn Annals glosses ''dafu'' () as ''guoti'' metaphorically meaning "embodiment of the country". The 1st century AD ''Book of Han'' history of Emperor Cheng of Han used ''guoti'' to mean "laws and governance" of Confucianist officials. Before 1868 The historical origins of ''kokutai'' go back to pre-1868 periods, especially the Edo period ruled by the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ultra-nationalist
Ultranationalism, or extreme nationalism, is an extremist form of nationalism in which a country asserts or maintains hegemony, supremacy, or other forms of control over other nations (usually through violent coercion) to pursue its specific interests. Ultranationalist entities have been associated with the engagement of political violence even during peacetime. In ideological terms, scholars such as the British political theorist Roger Griffin found that ultranationalism arises from seeing modern nation states as living organisms. In stark mythological ways, political campaigners have divided societies into those that are perceived as being degenerately inferior and those perceived as having great cultural destinies. Ultranationalism has been an aspect of fascism, with historic governments such as the regimes of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany building on ultranationalist foundations by using specific plans for supposed widespread national renewal. Another major example was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
