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National Central Bank (Eurosystem)
The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the eurozone, the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The European Central Bank (ECB) has, under Article 16 of its Statute,Statute of the ECB (PDF) the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. Member states can issue euro coins, but the amount must be authorised by the ECB beforehand. The Eurosystem consists of the ECB and the national central banks (NCB) of the 20 member states that are part of the eurozone. The national central banks apply the monetary policy of the ECB. The primary objective of the Eurosystem is price stability. Secondary objectives are financial stability and financial integration. The mission statement of the Eurosyste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European System Of Central Banks
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) is an institution that comprises the European Central Bank (ECB) and the national central banks (NCBs) of all 27 member states of the European Union (EU). Its objective is to ensure price stability throughout the EU, and improve monetary and financial cooperation between eurozone and non-eurozone member states of the EU. Organization The process of decision-making in the Eurosystem is centralized through the decision-making bodies of the ECB, namely the Governing Council and the Executive Board. As long as there are EU member states which have not adopted the euro, a third decision-making body, the General Council, shall also exist. The NCBs of the member states that do not participate in the eurozone are members of the ESCB with a special statuswhile they are allowed to conduct their respective national monetary policies, they do not take part in the decision-making with regard to the single monetary policy for the eurozone and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christine Lagarde
Christine Madeleine Odette Lagarde (; , ; born 1 January 1956) is a French politician and lawyer who has been the President of the European Central Bank since 2019. She previously served as the 11th Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from 2011 to 2019. Lagarde had also served in the Government of France, most prominently as Minister of the Economy, Finance and Industry from 2007 until 2011. She is the first woman to hold each of those posts. Born and raised in Paris, Lagarde graduated from law school at Paris Nanterre University and obtained a Master's degree from Sciences Po Aix. After being admitted to the Paris Bar, she joined the international law firm Baker & McKenzie as an associate in 1981, specializing in labour and anti-trust, as well as mergers and acquisitions. Rising through the ranks, she was a member of the executive committee of the firm from 1995 until 1999, before being elevated to its Chair between 1999 and 2004; she was the first woma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Villeroy De Galhau
François Villeroy de Galhau (; born 24 February 1959) is a French senior civil servant and banker who has served as Governor of the Bank of France and ''ex officio'' President of the French Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority since 2015. Early life Born in Strasbourg, he descends from the family Villeroy de Galhau (co-owner of the ceramic manufacturer Villeroy & Boch, domiciled since the late 18th century in Wallerfangen (Saarland)); he speaks German fluently.FAZ.net / Christian SchubertEin Deutschland-Kenner für die EZB/ref> After earning his French baccalaureate degree at the Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague, and his engineering degree at the École Polytechnique, he studied at ÉNA (École nationale d'administration) from 1982 to 1984. Career Career in the public sector Villeroy de Galhau started his career at the Inspection générale des finances. From 1990 to 1993, he was European politics adviser of the Finance Minister of France and then of the Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of France
The Bank of France ( ) is the national central bank for France within the Eurosystem. It was the French central bank between 1800 and 1998, issuing the French franc. It does not translate its name to English, and thus calls itself ''Banque de France'' in all English communications. The Bank of France was originally established by Napoleon Bonaparte as a private-sector corporation with unique public status. It was granted note-issuance monopoly in Paris in 1803 and in the entire country in 1848. Long independent from direct political interference, it was brought under government control in 1936 and eventually nationalized in 1945. While other banks of issue were established in the French colonial empire, the Bank of France remained Metropolitan France's sole monetary authority until France's adoption of the euro as its currency. The Bank of France long held high prestige as an anchor of financial stability, especially before the monetary turmoil that followed World War I. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Olli Rehn
Olli Ilmari Rehn (; born 31 March 1962) is a Finnish public official who has been serving as governor of the Bank of Finland since 2018. A member of the Centre Party, he previously served as the European Commissioner for Enlargement from 2004 to 2010, European Commissioner for Economic and Monetary Affairs and the Euro from 2010 to 2014, and Minister of Economic Affairs in Juha Sipilä's cabinet from 2015 until 2016. Rehn ran for President of Finland as an independent candidate in 2024, but was not elected. Early life and education Born in Mikkeli in Eastern Finland, Rehn studied economics, international relations, and journalism at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, in the United States. He gained a master's degree in political science from the University of Helsinki in 1989, and a D.Phil. from St. Antony's College, Oxford in 1996 on the subject of "Corporatism and Industrial Competitiveness in Small European States". In addition to his native Finnish, he spe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Finland
The Bank of Finland (, ) is the national central bank for Finland within the Eurosystem. It was the Finnish central bank from 1865 to 1998, issuing the markka. It views itself as the fourth oldest surviving central bank in the world, after Sweden's Riksbank, the Bank of England, and the Bank of France, having been originally created in 1811-1812 as the Office of Exchange, Lending, and Deposits of the Grand Duchy of Finland () before taking its current name in 1840. Unlike many other longstanding central banks, it has always been government-owned. History Russian Empire In 1809, the Russian Empire annexed Finland and made it a Grand Duchy with its own administrative structure. One aim of the new authorities was to sever Finland's previous economic integration with Sweden, including the use of the Swedish riksdaler as currency. To that effect, the Office of Exchange, Lending, and Deposits was chartered on and established on in Turku by Alexander I of Russia, partly model ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Madis Müller
Madis Müller (born 20 January 1977 in Tallinn) is an Estonian banker. Since June 7, 2019, he is the chairman (governor) of the Bank of Estonia, succeeding Ardo Hansson. Müller holds a master’s degree in finance from George Washington University and professional certifications as a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) and Financial Risk Manager (FRM). Career A former government and World Bank advisor, Müller served as the deputy chairman of the Bank of Estonia from 2011 to 2019. In this capacity, he was responsible for the implementation of monetary policy decisions and for managing the central bank’s financial assets. Other activities * European Central Bank (ECB), Ex-Officio Member of the Governing Council (since 2019) * International Monetary Fund (IMF), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2019) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of Estonia
The Bank of Estonia () is the national central bank for Estonia within the Eurosystem. It was the Estonian central bank from 1919 to 2010 (albeit with a long suspension between 1940 and 1989), issuing the kroon. Name Like other central banks, the Bank of Estonia refers to itself in its native language even in English-speaking contexts. History Interwar period The bank was established on 24 February 1919 by the provisional government of Estonia following the independence of Estonia. In 1921, Eesti Pank was made the national bank and given the duty of printing the Estonian mark. The Bank of Estonia was restructured under the conditions of the stabilization loan coordinated by the Economic and Financial Organization of the League of Nations. A new version of the Statutes was approved in 1927, according to which Eesti Pank became an independent note-issuing central bank with limited functions. The main tasks of the bank remained to guarantee the value of the money throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of Cyprus
The Central Bank of Cyprus ( ) is the national central bank for the Republic of Cyprus within the Eurosystem, and was the Cypriot central bank from 1963 to 2007, issuing the Cypriot pound. Since 2014, it has also been Cyprus's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision. History The Central Bank of Cyprus has its origins in the British Colonial Government of Cyprus, which established a Cyprus Currency Board in 1927. This followed on from the unilateral annexation of Cyprus by the British Empire in 1914, the Treaty of Lausanne, establishing the legality in international law of this British takeover, in 1923, and the full establishment of a colonial system of government in Cyprus, with the creation of a Legislative Council, in 1926. The role of the Chairman of the Currency Board was held by the Accountant General, also known as the Auditor General, of the Government of Cyprus. The Board could issue notes and coins, initially denominated in the Cypriot poun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Vujčić
Boris Vujčić (; born 2 June 1964) is a Croatian economist, university professor, and the Governor of the Croatian National Bank, a position he has held since 2012. Early life Vujčić graduated from the Zagreb Faculty of Economics in 1988, where he also received his doctorate in 1996. Career Vujčić started his professional career in 1989 as an assistant at the Zagreb Faculty of Economics. In 1996 he was named the head of research department of the Croatian National Bank. Later, in 1997, he became a lecturer at the Zagreb Faculty of Economics and in 2003 an associate professor. Since 2000, Vujčić has held the position of Vice Governor of the Croatian National Bank, and in 2012 he assumed the position of the governor. He held that position upon Croatia's accession to the European Union. In 2018 the coalition government of prime minister Andrej Plenković agreed to re-appoint Vujčić for a second six-year term.Maja Zuvela (11 July 2018)Croatia's ruling coalition to re-ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian National Bank
The Croatian National Bank (; ), known until 1997 as the National Bank of Croatia (), is the national central bank for Croatia within the Eurosystem. Originally established in 1972 under the decentralization of the National Bank of Yugoslavia, it became a fully-fledged central bank in late 1991 with the independence of Croatia, and was subsequently the Croatian central bank until 2022, issuing the Croatian dinar until 1994 and subsequently the Croatian kuna until Croatian adoption of the euro on . It has also been Croatia's national competent authority within European Banking Supervision since 2020. The acronym for the National Bank in Croatian, as used in their logo, is HNB. The Bank uses the English-language acronym CNB in its publications in English. The CNB's role was specified by the Constitution of Croatia which was passed by the Parliament of Croatia on 21 December 1990. In performing its duties, the CNB acts as an independent institution responsible to the Parliame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
