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National Library Of Brazil
The National Library of Brazil (, official name is ) is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro, the capital city of Brazil from 1763 to 1960, more specifically at Cinelândia square. Considered by UNESCO the largest library in Latin America and the seventh largest in the world, its collections include about 9 million items. It organized the first library science courses in Latin America and its staff has led the modernization of library services, including the development of online databases. History The history of the National Library began on 1 November 1755, when Lisbon suffered a 1755 Lisbon earthquake, violent earthquake. The Royal Library was considered one of the most important libraries in Europe at that time. This irreparable loss to the Portuguese was the impetus for moving many of its contents to Brazil. The collection was brought in three stages, the first being in 1810 and two in 1811. The library of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rio De Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the Rio de Janeiro (state), state of Rio de Janeiro. It is the List of cities in Brazil by population, second-most-populous city in Brazil (after São Paulo) and the Largest cities in the Americas, sixth-most-populous city in the Americas. Founded in 1565 by the Portuguese people, Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a domain of the Portuguese Empire. In 1763, it became the capital of the State of Brazil, a List of states of the Portuguese Empire, state of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, Portuguese Royal Court moved to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal. She subsequently, under the leadership of her son the prince regent John VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro I Of Brazil
''Don (honorific), Dom'' Pedro I (12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834), known in Brazil and in Portugal as "the Liberator" () or "the Soldier King" () in Portugal, was the founder and List of monarchs of Brazil, first ruler of the Empire of Brazil from 1822 to 1831 (under the name of Pedro I) and List of Portuguese monarchs#House of Braganza (1640–1910), King of Portugal in 1826 (under the name of Pedro IV). Born in Lisbon, Pedro was the fourth child of King Dom John VI of Portugal and Queen Carlota Joaquina, and thus a member of the House of Braganza. When the country was Invasion of Portugal (1807), invaded by French troops in 1807, he and his family fled to Portugal's largest and wealthiest colony, Brazil. The outbreak of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Lisbon compelled Pedro I's father to return to Portugal in April 1821, leaving him to rule Brazil as regent. He had to deal with challenges from revolutionaries and insubordination by Portuguese troops, all of whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henrique Bernardelli
Henrique Bernardelli (15 July 1857 – 6 April 1936) was a Brazilian painter. Life and Works Henrique Bernardelli was born in Valparaiso, Chile. He was the brother of sculptor Rodolfo, and painter and violinist Félix. In 1865 he moved with his family to Rio Grande do Sul when his parents (a violinist and a dancer), were contracted by the emperor Pedro II to be tutors to the imperial princesses. In 1867 they moved to Rio de Janeiro. In 1870 he enrolled in the Academia Imperial de Belas Artes (AIBA) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, studying with painters of outstanding importance such as Victor Meirelles and Agostinho José da Mota. In 1878 he took Brazilian nationality to be eligible for AIBA's European travel award. He lost the award to Rodolfo Amoedo but travelled to Rome in 1879 using his own resources. There he encountered the work of such artists as Francesco Paolo Michetti e Giovanni Segantini. Back in Rio de Janeiro in 1888 he participated in a number of exhibitions: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliseu Visconti
Eliseu Visconti, born Eliseo D'Angelo (30 July 1866 – 15 October 1944), was an Italian-born Brazilian painter, cartoonist, and teacher. He is considered one of the very few Impressionist painters of Brazil. He is considered the initiator of the Art Nouveau in Brazil. Training In 1884 he entered the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios do Rio de Janeiro, where he studied under Victor Meirelles. Parallel to his studies in the Liceu, he entered Brazil's Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, studying under professors Henrique Bernardelli, Rodolfo Amoedo and Jose Maria de Medeiros. In 1888 he received a gold medal at the Academy. Like many of his contemporaries, including some of his teachers, he was involved in the effort to renew the Academy's teaching methods, deemed obsolete and was among the creators of the short-lived "Ateliê Livre", together with professors João Zeferino da Costa, Rodolfo Amoedo, Henrique Bernardelli and Rodolfo Bernardelli. Exhibitions Thanks to a prize received ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Art Nouveau
Art Nouveau ( ; ; ), Jugendstil and Sezessionstil in German, is an international style of art, architecture, and applied art, especially the decorative arts. It was often inspired by natural forms such as the sinuous curves of plants and flowers. Other characteristics of Art Nouveau were a sense of dynamism and movement, often given by asymmetry or whiplash lines, and the use of modern materials, particularly iron, glass, ceramics and later concrete, to create unusual forms and larger open spaces.Sembach, Klaus-Jürgen, ''L'Art Nouveau'' (2013), pp. 8–30 It was popular between 1890 and 1910 during the Belle Époque period, and was a reaction against the academicism, eclecticism and historicism of 19th century architecture and decorative art. One major objective of Art Nouveau was to break down the traditional distinction between fine arts (especially painting and sculpture) and applied arts. It was most widely used in interior design, graphic arts, furniture, glass ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoclassical Architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassicism, Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing styles of architecture in most of Europe for the previous two centuries, Renaissance architecture and Baroque architecture, already represented partial revivals of the Classical architecture of Roman architecture, ancient Rome and ancient Greek architecture, but the Neoclassical movement aimed to strip away the excesses of Late Baroque and return to a purer, more complete, and more authentic classical style, adapted to modern purposes. The development of archaeology and published accurate records of surviving classical buildings was crucial in the emergence of Neoclassical architecture. In many countries, there was an initial wave essentially drawing on Roman archi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eclectic Style
Eclecticism is a kind of mixed style in the fine arts: "the borrowing of a variety of styles from different sources and combining them" . Significantly, Eclecticism hardly ever constituted a specific style in art: it is characterized by the fact that it was not a particular style. In general, the term describes the combination in a single work of a variety of influences—mainly of elements from different historical styles in architecture, painting, and the graphic and decorative arts. In music the term used may be either eclecticism or polystylism. In the visual arts The term eclectic was first used by Johann Joachim Winckelmann to characterize the art of the Carracci, who incorporated in their paintings elements from the Renaissance and classical traditions. Indeed, Agostino, Annibale and Lodovico Carracci had tried to combine in their art Michelangelo's line, Titian's color, Correggio's chiaroscuro, and Raphael's symmetry and grace. In the 18th century, Sir Joshua Reynolds, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nilo Peçanha
Nilo Procópio Peçanha (; 2 October 1867 – 31 March 1924) was a Brazilian politician who served as the seventh president of Brazil. He was governor of Rio de Janeiro (1903–1906), then elected the fifth vice president of Brazil in 1906. He assumed the presidency in 1909 following the death of President Afonso Pena and served until 1910.ANDRADE, Manuel Correia de. A Civilização Açucareira. Recife:Biblioteca On-line do SEBRAE-PE. p. 3 (visited 8 August 2008) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rodrigues Alves
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, PC (; 7 July 1848 – 16 January 1919) was a Brazilian politician who first served as president of the Province of São Paulo in 1887, then as Treasury minister in the 1890s. Rodrigues Alves was elected the fifth president of Brazil in 1902 and served until 1906. During this term he remodeled the then Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, an effort punctuated by the 1904 "Vaccine Revolt". He was elected president for a second term in 1918, but died in the influenza pandemic before assuming power, on 16 January 1919. He was succeeded by his vice-president, Delfim Moreira. Biography Rodrigues Alves was born in the city of Guaratinguetá, São Paulo. He graduated as a lawyer from the '' Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco'', São Paulo, in 1870. His public career started as councilman in his native city, from 1866 to 1870. He became prosecutor in 1870. In 1872 he became a member of the state house of representatives until 1879. Als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brazilian Real (old)
The first official currency of Brazil was the real (pronounced ; pl. ''réis''), with the symbol Rs$. As the currency of the Portuguese empire, it was in use in Brazil from the earliest days of the colonial period, and remained in use until 1942, when it was replaced by the cruzeiro. The name "real" was resurrected in 1994 for the new currency unit (but with the new plural form "reais"). This currency is still in use. One modern real is equivalent to 2.75 × 1018 (2.75 quintillion) of the old ''réis''. The name comes from the Portuguese word ''real'' (in the sense of "royal" or "regal") and was borrowed from a Portuguese currency previously used in Brazil. The dollar-like sign in the currency's symbol (and in the symbols of all other Brazilian currencies), called '' cifrão'' in Portuguese, was always written with two vertical strokes () rather than one. History The Portuguese real was the currency used by the first Portuguese settlers to arrive in the Americas, bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pounds Sterling
Sterling (Currency symbol, symbol: Pound sign, £; ISO 4217, currency code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories. The pound is the main unit of account, unit of sterling, and the word ''Pound (currency), pound'' is also used to refer to the British currency generally, often qualified in international contexts as the British pound or the pound sterling. Sterling is the world's oldest currency in continuous use since its inception. In 2022, it was the fourth-most-traded currency in the foreign exchange market, after the United States dollar, the euro, and the Japanese yen. Together with those three currencies and the renminbi, it forms the basket of currencies that special drawing rights#Value definition, calculate the value of IMF special drawing rights. As of late 2022, sterling is also the fourth most-held reserve currency in Foreign exchange reserves, global reserves. The Bank of England is the central bank for sterling, issui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
