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National Directorate Of Intelligence And Prevention Services
DISIP (General Sectoral Directorate of Intelligence and Prevention Services) was an intelligence and counter-intelligence agency inside and outside of Venezuela between 1969 and 2009 when SEBIN was created by former President Hugo Chávez. DISIP was established in March 1969 by then-president Rafael Caldera, replacing the Directorate General of Police (DIGEPOL). History Origin With the overthrow of dictator Marcos Pérez Jiménez in January 1958, Venezuela was plunged into an acute institutional crisis in the police and security area, following the dismantling of the Seguridad Nacional, also called "political police"; the absence of a similar, moderately effective organization gives rise to impromptu Technical Services Criminology, an organization in the popular police jargon was known as Criminology, was a time of much confusion as it was beginning to take shape guerrilla activity and for that reason the political activism of opposition was severely punished. On April 29, 1959, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Partido Bandera Roja
The Red Flag Party () is a communist party in Venezuela. Formed in 1970 by anti-revisionist members of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR), the party initially supported the ideology of Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania following the Sino-Albanian split, though in later years it gravitated back towards China. In the 1970s up until the 1990s, it was engaged in guerrilla warfare against the government. A young Hugo Chávez's first assignment in the Venezuelan Army was as commander of a communications platoon attached to a counter-insurgency force—the Manuel Cedeño Mountain Infantry Battalion, headquartered in Barinas and Cumaná. In 1976, under the presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez it was tasked with suppressing the guerrilla insurgency staged by the party. The Red Flag Party is currently led by Gabriel Rafael Puerta Aponte. After the electoral victory of Chávez in 1998, the party started aligning itself with the liberal and social democratic opponents of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press was the university press of the University of Cambridge. Granted a letters patent by King Henry VIII in 1534, it was the oldest university press in the world. Cambridge University Press merged with Cambridge Assessment to form Cambridge University Press and Assessment under Queen Elizabeth II's approval in August 2021. With a global sales presence, publishing hubs, and offices in more than 40 countries, it published over 50,000 titles by authors from over 100 countries. Its publications include more than 420 academic journals, monographs, reference works, school and university textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications. It also published Bibles, runs a bookshop in Cambridge, sells through Amazon, and has a conference venues business in Cambridge at the Pitt Building and the Sir Geoffrey Cass Sports and Social Centre. It also served as the King's Printer. Cambridge University Press, as part of the University of Cambridge, was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Latin American Studies
The ''Journal of Latin American Studies'', established in 1969, is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Cambridge University Press. The Institute of Latin American Studies of the University of London houses the journal's editorial and administrative offices. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in Geo Abstracts, Current Contents, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts and Humanities Citation Index The Arts and Humanities Citation Index (AHCI), also known as Arts and Humanities Search, is a citation index, with abstracting and indexing for more than 1,700 arts and humanities academic journals, and coverage of disciplines that includes s ..., IBZ International Bibliography of Periodical Literature, and MLA Bibliography. References External links * {{Official website, 1=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=LAS Latin American studies journals Academic journals established in 1969 Cambridge University Press academi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caracazo
The ''Caracazo'' is the name given to the wave of protests, riots, and looting. that started on 27 February 1989 in the Venezuelan city of Guarenas, spreading to Caracas and surrounding towns following austerity measures from President Carlos Andrés Pérez. Weeklong clashes resulted in numerous deaths, with estimates ranging from hundreds to thousands, attributed largely to security forces and military involvement, according to various reports.Amnesty International, March 1990, Reports of Arbitrary Killings and Torture:, February/March 1989, AI Index: AMR 53/02/90, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr53/002/1991/en/ The riots and the protests began mainly in response to the government's economic reforms and the resulting increase in the price of gasoline and transportation Etymology The term "Caracazo", stems from the city's name, Caracas, and "-azo", which stems from another historic event, the Bogotazo, was a massive riot in Bogotá, recognized as having a crucial role ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Flag Party
The Red Flag Party () is a communist party in Venezuela. Formed in 1970 by anti-revisionist members of the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR), the party initially supported the ideology of Enver Hoxha and the Party of Labour of Albania following the Sino-Albanian split, though in later years it gravitated back towards China. In the 1970s up until the 1990s, it was engaged in guerrilla warfare against the government. A young Hugo Chávez's first assignment in the Venezuelan Army was as commander of a communications platoon attached to a counter-insurgency force—the Manuel Cedeño Mountain Infantry Battalion, headquartered in Barinas and Cumaná. In 1976, under the presidency of Carlos Andrés Pérez it was tasked with suppressing the guerrilla insurgency staged by the party. The Red Flag Party is currently led by Gabriel Rafael Puerta Aponte. After the electoral victory of Chávez in 1998, the party started aligning itself with the liberal and social democratic opponents of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cantaura Massacre
The Cantaura massacre was an incident on 4 October 1982 in which a guerrillas' camp near Cantaura in Venezuela's state of Anzoátegui was destroyed, and 23 of the 41 guerrilla fighters of the ''Frente Américo Silva'' killed. PROVEA, 1 October 2010Provea rechaza aval a la impunidad en el caso Masacre de Cantaura y exige voluntad política para sancionar a sus responsables See also *List of massacres in Venezuela The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Venezuela (numbers may be approximate): References {{massacres Venezuela Massacres * Massacres A massacre is an event of killing people who are not engaged in hostilities or ar ... References Massacres in 1982 20th-century mass murder in Venezuela 1982 murders in Venezuela October 1982 in South America Massacres in Venezuela Anzoátegui {{massacre-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Condor
Operation Condor (; ) was a campaign of political repression by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America, involving intelligence operations, coups, and assassinations of left-wing sympathizers in South America which formally existed from 1975 to 1983. Condor was formally created in November 1975, when Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet's spy chief, Manuel Contreras, invited 50 intelligence officers from Argentina, Brazil, Bolívia, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay to the Army War Academy in Santiago, Chile. They were backed by the United States, which collaborated and financed the covert operations. France (which denies involvement), Republic of Venezuela, Venezuela, and Colombia are also alleged to have collaborated. The operation ended with the fall of the National Reorganization Process, Argentine junta in 1983. Due to its clandestine nature, the precise number of deaths directly attributable to Operation Condor is highly disputed. Some estimates are that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Dinges
John Dinges (December 8, 1941) is an American journalist. He was special correspondent for ''Time'', ''Washington Post'' and ABC Radio in Chile. With a group of Chilean journalists, he cofounded the Chilean magazine '' APSI''. He is the Godfrey Lowell Cabot Professor of International Journalism at Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, a position he held from 1996 to 2016, currently with emeritus status. Early life and career John Dinges was born in Iowa. His first job in journalism was at the Des Moines Register and Tribune, followed by a decades long career as a freelance correspondent in Latin America, foreign desk assistant editor at the Washington Post, and managing editor at NPR. He has a Bachelors Degree in English and Philosophy from Loras College and obtained a Masters Degree from Stanford University in Latin American studies. He studied Theology at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, for three years, with the intention of becoming a Catholic priest, befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rafael Rivas Vázquez
Rafael may refer to: * Rafael (given name) or Raphael, a name of Hebrew origin * Rafael, California Fiction * ''Rafael'' (TV series), a Mexican telenovela * ''Rafaël'' (film), a 2018 Dutch film People * Rafael (footballer, born 1978) (Rafael Pires Vieira), Brazilian football striker * Rafael (footballer, born 1979) (Rafael da Silva Santos), Brazilian football defender * Rafael (footballer, born 1980) (Rafael Pereira da Silva), Brazilian football right-back * Rafael (footballer, born March 1982) (Rafael de Andrade Bittencourt Pinheiro), Brazilian football goalkeeper * Rafael (footballer, born August 1982) (Rafael dos Santos Silva), Brazilian football striker * Rafael (footballer, born 1984) (Alberto Rafael da Silva), Brazilian football goalkeeper * Rafael (footballer, born 1986) (Rafael Diego de Souza), Brazilian football centre-back * Rafael (footballer, born 1987) (Rafael da Silva Gomes), Brazilian footballer * Rafael (footballer, born 1989) (Rafael Pires Monteiro), Br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel Contreras
Juan Manuel "Mamo" Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (4 May 1929 – 7 August 2015) was a Chilean Army officer and the former head of the National Intelligence Directorate (DINA), Chile's secret police during the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet. In 1995, he was convicted of the murder of Chilean diplomat Orlando Letelier in Washington, DC, and sentenced to seven years in prison, which he served until 2001. At the time of his death, Contreras was serving 59 unappealable sentences totaling 529 years in prison for kidnapping, forced disappearance, and assassination. Early life Contreras was the son of Manuel Contreras Morales and Aída Sepúlveda Cubillos. His parents died when he was six or seven years old. He completed his primary studies at the English Institute of Macul in Santiago. Afterward, his father relocated to Osorno, where he enrolled in the Lyceum of that city. Career Contreras enrolled in the Military School in 1944 and graduated with top honors on 23 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirección De Inteligencia Nacional
The Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA; ) was the secret police of Chile during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The DINA has been referred to as "Pinochet's Gestapo". Established in November 1973 as a Chilean Army intelligence unit headed by Manuel Contreras, Colonel Manuel Contreras and vice-director Raúl Iturriaga, the DINA was then separated from the army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974 under the auspices of Decree 521. The DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the ''National Information Center (Chile), Central Nacional de Informaciones'' () or CNI. In 2008, the Chilean Army presented a list of 1,097 DINA agents to Judge Alejandro Solís. Despite falling under Pinochet's legal authority, American-born DINA operative Michael Townley described Contreras as DINA's actual "intellectual head." Pedro Espinoza served as deputy to Contreras as well. DINA internal suppression and human rights violations Under decree #521, the DI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
