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National Banks In Meiji Japan
The National Banks in Meiji Japan were a system of organization of the Japanese banking system created in the 1870s, inspired by the U.S. National Bank Act of the previous decade. Under the system, national banks were individually chartered by the government as Bank of issue, banks of issue whose banknotes were all accepted as legal tender. Starting with Dai-Ichi Bank, Dai-Ichi National Bank in 1873, around 150 national banks were thus created, most of which morphed into still-extant Japanese banks via multiple mergers and restructurings. The national banking system itself, however, was short-lived. It was superseded by the newly created Bank of Japan, inspired by European models and established in the early 1880s, and fully phased out in the late 1890s. Background Immediately after the Meiji Restoration in 1869, Japanese merchants in major trading centers introduced prototypes of modern commercial banks, known as , which were authorized to issue banknotes. These were establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niigata (city)
is a city located in the northern part of Niigata Prefecture (). It is the capital and the most populous Cities of Japan, city of Niigata Prefecture, and one of the cities designated by government ordinance of Japan, located in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the most populous city on the west coast of Honshu, and the second populous city in Chūbu region after Nagoya. It faces the Sea of Japan and Sado, Niigata, Sado Island. , the city had an estimated population of 779,049, and a population density of 1,072 persons per km2. The total area is . Greater Niigata, the Niigata Urban Employment Area, Metropolitan Employment Area, has a GDP of US$43.3 billion as of 2010. It is the only government-designated city on the west coast of Honshu. It has the greatest habitable area of cities in Japan (). It is designated as a reform base for the large scale agriculture under () initiatives. Overview Niigata was one of the cities incorporated by the legislation effective on April 1, 1889 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satsuma Rebellion
The Satsuma Rebellion, also known as the , was a revolt of disaffected samurai against the new imperial government of the Empire of Japan, nine years into the Meiji era. Its name comes from the Satsuma Domain, which had been influential in the Meiji Restoration, Restoration and became home to unemployed samurai after military reforms rendered their status obsolete. The rebellion lasted from 29 January until 24 September of 1877, when it was decisively crushed, and its leader, Saigō Takamori, was shot and mortally wounded. Saigō's rebellion was the last and most serious of a series of armed uprisings against the new government of the Empire of Japan, the predecessor state to modern Japan. The rebellion was very expensive for the government, which forced it to make numerous monetary reforms including leaving the gold standard. The conflict effectively ended the samurai class and ushered in modern warfare fought by conscript soldiers instead of military nobles. It is also th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifteenth Bank
The Fifteenth National Bank, from 1897 the Fifteenth Bank (, ''Jugo Ginko''), established in 1877 in Tokyo, was initially the largest of the early National Banks in Meiji Japan. Its failure in 1927 was a climactic point of the Shōwa financial crisis. It was subsequently reorganized by the Japanese government, and eventually absorbed in 1944 by the Teikoku Bank, itself a predecessor of SMBC Group. Overview The 15th National Bank was established by a group of high-ranking nobility including Iwakura Tomomi, Tokugawa Yoshikatsu, Yamauchi Toyonori, Kuroda Nagatomo, Ikeda Akimasa, Tōdō Takakiyo, Matsudaira Mochiaki, Nanbu Toshiyuki, and , and was therefore colloquially known as the "Kazoku Bank". Its first president was . With an initial capital of 17.8 million yen, it was by far the largest Japanese bank, with its capital representing 44.5 percent of the total capital of all national banks. Immediately after its creation, it provided funding to the Japanese government during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mitsui Bank
was a major Japanese bank from 1876 to 1990. The home bank of the Mitsui conglomerate, it was one of the largest Japanese banks for much of the 20th century, together with Dai-Ichi Bank, Mitsubishi Bank, Sumitomo Bank, and Yasuda / Fuji Bank. In 1943 it merged with Dai-Ichi Bank to form Teikoku Bank (, ). In 1948, Dai-Ichi Bank was spun off again from Teikoku, which changed its name back to Mitsui Bank in 1954. In 1990, Mitsui Bank merged with Taiyo Kobe Bank to form Mitsui Taiyo Kobe Bank (MTKB), which was renamed Sakura Bank in April 1992 and was a predecessor entity of Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC). Early development The Mitsui family began banking operations in 1683, when the Tokugawa Shogunate granted Mitsui Takatoshi permission to act as a money changer. Mitsui Bank was established as a private company in July 1876, with capital of two million yen. It was one of the Japanese government's main banks for deposits and tax collections until the formation of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Currency Museum
The , formally known as the , is a museum about Japanese currency located in front of the Bank of Japan building in Chūō, Tokyo. The museum opened in November 1985.Edan CorkillBank of Japan Currency Museum invests in exhibition on wallets ''Japan Times'', 13 August 2010. In 2010, there was an exhibition of wallets from the Edo Period (1603–1867) and Meiji Era (1868–1912). Gallery File:Wadokaichin coin 8th century Japan.jpg, Wadōkaichin coin from 8th century Japan File:Philoxenus Indo Greek square coin.jpg, Philoxenus Indo-Greek coin in the Indian square standard File:Antialcidas Indo Greek coin.jpg, Antialcidas wearing the kausia See also * Japanese currency * List of museums in Tokyo The following is a list of museums and art galleries in Tokyo. See also * List of museums in Japan Resources {{Commons category, Museums in Tokyo Tokyo Tourism InformationTravel Tokyo Museums in Tokyo, Culture in Tokyo Lists of museu ... References External links Off ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōkubo Toshimichi
Ōkubo Toshimichi (; 26 September 1830 – 14 May 1878) was a Japanese statesman and samurai of the Satsuma Domain who played a central role in the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the Three Great Nobles of the Restoration (維新の三傑, ''Ishin no Sanketsu''), alongside Kido Takayoshi and Saigō Takamori. Ōkubo was a key figure in the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate. Following the Restoration, he became a dominant force in the new Meiji government. As Home Minister and later ''de facto'' head of government, he spearheaded numerous reforms aimed at modernizing Japan, establishing a strong centralized state, and promoting industrial development. His policies, often characterized by realism and a focus on national strength ('' fukoku kyōhei''), earned him the informal title " Bismarck of Japan". He was instrumental in the abolition of the feudal domains ('' haihan chiken''), the establishment of a national army, and the promotion of Western technology and institu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shibusawa Eiichi
was a Japanese industrialist widely known today as the "father of Japanese capitalism", having introduced Western capitalism to Japan after the Meiji Restoration. He introduced many economic reforms including use of double-entry accounting, joint-stock corporations and modern note-issuing banks. He founded the first modern bank based on joint stock ownership in Japan. The bank was aptly named The First National Bank (''Dai Ichi Kokuritsu Ginkō'', now merged into Mizuho Bank) and had the power to issue its own notes. Through this bank, he founded hundreds of other joint stock corporations in Japan. Many of these companies still survive to this day as quoted companies in the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which Shibusawa also founded. The Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry was founded by him as well. He was also involved in the foundation of many hospitals, schools, universities (including the first women's university), the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and charitable organizations in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Note
A government note is a form of paper money which is directly Money creation, issued by a government, as opposed to banknotes which (in a strict sense) are issued by a bank which is known for that reason as a bank of issue. Government notes predate banknotes in history, but are mostly a concept of the past. In the 21st century so far, nearly all paper money has taken the form of banknotes issued by a national (or in some cases such as the euro, supranational) central bank. Overview While there are indications of note-like instruments in earlier times, the earliest documented government notes date from the Song dynasty in 11th-century China, the so-called Jiaozi (currency), Jiaozi first issued by the government in 1024, then Huizi (currency), Huizi from 1160. Chinese imperial governments have kept issuing paper money intermittently since then, with episodes of loss of confidence such as the inflation that marked the later stages of the Yuan dynasty in the 14th century. The Great M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gold Standard
A gold standard is a backed currency, monetary system in which the standard economics, economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold. The gold standard was the basis for the international monetary system from the 1870s to the early 1920s, and from the late 1920s to 1932 as well as from 1944 until 1971 when the United States unilaterally terminated convertibility of the US dollar to gold, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. Many states nonetheless hold substantial gold reserves. Historically, the silver standard and bimetallism have been more common than the gold standard. The shift to an international monetary system based on a gold standard reflected accident, network externalities, and path dependence. Great Britain accidentally adopted a ''de facto'' gold standard in 1717 when Isaac Newton, then-master of the Royal Mint, set the exchange rate of silver to gold too low, thus causing silver coins to go out of circulation. As Great Britain became the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bank Of England
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the Kingdom of England, English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one of the bankers for the government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's second oldest central bank. The bank was privately owned by stockholders from its foundation in 1694 until it was nationalised in 1946 by the Attlee ministry. In 1998 it became an independent public organisation, wholly owned by the Treasury Solicitor on behalf of the government, with a mandate to support the economic policies of the government of the day, but independence in maintaining price stability. In the 21st century the bank took on increased responsibility for maintaining and monitoring financial stability in the UK, and it increasingly functions as a statutory Financial regulation, regulator. The bank's headquarters have been in London's main financial di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yoshida Kiyonari
Yoshida Kiyonari (; died 3 August 1891) was a Japanese samurai and diplomatic envoy to the United States. Early life and education In 1865, Yoshida was sent with Sameshima Naonobu and seventeen other samurai from Satsuma Domain to England to study Western science and technology. During 1867, Yoshida and Sameshima travelled with two others to the United States and joined the Brotherhood of the New Life, Thomas Lake Harris's Christian spiritual group. When they returned to England later that year, they claimed to have felt the presence of God through Harris' preaching in New York. Yoshida studied at University College London. He enrolled at New Jersey's Rutgers College in September 1868, but left after a few months. The following July, he registered at Wilbraham Academy (now Monson Academy) in Massachusetts and studied political economy. After graduating, he spent time in New York and Hartford, where he gained experience in banking. Career He returned to Japan in 1870, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
