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National Assembly Bombing
The National Assembly bombing was a bomb attack carried out on 9 December 1893 in Paris by the Anarchism, anarchist militant Auguste Vaillant. Acting in reaction to other events of the ''Ère des attentats'', literally, "Era of Attacks", (1892–1894), such as the execution of Ravachol, the militant carefully prepared a bomb and managed to enter the galleries of the National Assembly (France), French National Assembly. He then threw it towards the deputies but was hindered by the arm of another spectator, which caused his attempt to fail. The bomb exploded, killing no one but slightly injuring several people – including Vaillant himself. The session at the National Assembly continued without interruption after the attack, while Vaillant was arrested later that day. Although the attack was a failure, it illustrated the opposition of anarchists to the French Republic and triggered two kinds of developments. On the one hand, the political authorities used it to push for the rapid a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Petit Journal (newspaper)
''Le Petit Journal'' () was a conservative daily Parisian newspaper founded by Moïse Polydore Millaud; published from 1863 to 1944. Together with ''Le Petit Parisien'', ''Le Matin (France), Le Matin'', and ''Le Journal'', it was one of the four major French dailies. In 1890, during the Boulangiste crisis, its circulation first reached one million copies. Five years later, it had a circulation of two million copies, making it the world's largest newspaper.Ivan Chupin, Nicolas Hubé and Nicolas Kaciaf, ''Histoire politique et économique des médias en France'', La Découverte, 2009 History Early years The first issue of the Journal appeared on 1 February 1863 with a printing of 83,000 copies. Its founder, Millaud, was originally from Bordeaux and had begun as a publisher of financial and legal newsletters. For a few years, he was the owner of ''La Presse (France), La Presse'', an early Penny press, penny paper. The first printing ran to 83,000 copies; a large printing compared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Reclus (anarchist)
Paul Reclus (25 May 1858 – 19 January 1941) was a French anarchist. Early life Paul Reclus was born on 25 May 1858, in Neuilly-sur-Seine to Élie Reclus. Following the Paris Commune, as a young teenager, he and his parents moved to Zurich, where he remained for six years. Reclus attended École Centrale Paris between 1878 and 1881, and worked as an engineer for the next 13 years. In 1885, he married Marguerite Wapler (1859-1927), who bore the couple four children, including the anarchist Jacques Reclus. Career Reclus wrote syndicalist propaganda while an engineer at the Gare de Bessèges, from which he was fired in 1886. He formed an anarchist group and about 30 people in the Alès area (southern France) participated. Reclus attended the 1889 International Anarchist Congress in Paris, where he advocated for individual reclamation as an expression of propaganda by deed. He later wrote that theft and work greatly overlapped, that presently, work was not honest and thef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Maitron
Jean Maitron (1910–1987) was a French historian specialist of the labour movement. Maitron, however, is best known for his (''DBMOF'' or, more currently, ), a comprehensive biographical dictionary of figures from the French workers' movement which was continued after his death, as well as a study of anarchism, ''History of anarchism in France'' (first ed. 1951), which has become a classic. Starting with the 1789 French Revolution, it includes 103,000 entries gathered by 455 different authors working under Maitron's direction. The ''Maitron'' has now extended itself with international versions, treating Austria (1971), United Kingdom (1979 and 1986), Japan (1979), Germany (1990), China (1985), Morocco (1998), United States from 1848 to 1922 (2002), a transnational one about the Komintern (2001) and the most recently published about Algeria (2006), almost all published at the . [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gil Blas Vaillant Wapler 12 01 1894
Gil or GIL may refer to: Places * Gil Island (other), one of several islands by that name * Gil, Iran, a village in Hormozgan Province, Iran * Hil, Azerbaijan, also spelled ''Gil, a village in Azerbaijan * Hiloba, also spelled ''Gil, a village in Azerbaijan People *Gil (given name) * Gil (surname) *Gil (Korean surname) *Gil (footballer, born 1950), Brazilian footballer, Gilberto Alves *Gil (footballer, born June 1987), Brazilian footballer, Carlos Gilberto Nascimento Silva * Gil (footballer, born September 1987), Brazilian footballer, José Gildeixon Clemente de Paiva *Gil (footballer, born 1991), Brazilian footballer, Givanilton Martins Ferreira * José Gildeixon Clemente de Paiva (1987–2016), Brazilian footballer *Gil Gomes (born 1972), Portuguese retired footballer *Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves (born 1980), Brazilian footballer * Gilmelândia (born 1975), Brazilian singer known as "Gil" * Gill (musician) (born 1977), South Korean singer Fiction * Gil, a non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidonie Vaillant
Sidonie Vaillant, (9 August 1883 – 2 October 1966) was a French anarchist activist. She is best known for being the daughter of Auguste Vaillant (1861-1894), an anarchist responsible for the National Assembly bombing. Although the attack killed no one, the family's extreme poverty and Sidonie's young age at the time of the incident stirred part of French society to call on Sadi Carnot to pardon Vaillant. She became involved in writing texts to plead for her father's clemency, including a letter to Cécile Carnot, but to no avail. Despite the offers from Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart, Paule Mink and Marie-Rose Astié de Valsayre to care for the young Vaillant, Auguste chose instead to entrust her to Sébastien Faure. He was executed shortly afterward. The Italian companion Sante Caserio assassinated Sadi Carnot in Lyon as an act of revenge for his refusal to respond to Sidonie Vaillant. She then continued her activism and died in 1966 in Nantes. Biography Sidonie Vaill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Algeria
French Algeria ( until 1839, then afterwards; unofficially ; ), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of History of Algeria, Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France. French rule lasted until the end of the Algerian War which resulted in Algeria's Independence Day (Algeria), gaining independence on 5 July 1962. The French conquest of Algeria began in 1830 with the Invasion of Algiers (1830), invasion of Algiers which toppled the Regency of Algiers, though Algeria was not fully conquered and Pacification of Algeria, pacified until 1903. It is estimated that by 1875, approximately 825,000 indigenous Algerians were killed. Various scholars describe the French conquest as genocide. Algeria was ruled as a French colony, colony from 1830 to 1848, and then as multiple Departments of France#Departments of Algeria (Départements d'Algérie), departments, an integral part of France, with the implementing of the French Constitution of 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the List of countries and dependencies by area, eighth-largest country in the world. Argentina shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. Argentina is a Federation, federal state subdivided into twenty-three Provinces of Argentina, provinces, and one autonomous city, which is the federal capital and List of cities in Argentina by population, largest city of the nation, Buenos Aires. The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a Federalism, federal system. Argentina claims sovereignty ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Era Of Attacks
An era is a span of time. Era or ERA may also refer to: * Era (geology), a subdivision of geologic time * Calendar era Education * Academy of European Law (German: '), an international law school * ERA School, in Melbourne, Australia * Era University, in Lucknow, India Games and sports * Earned run average, a baseball statistic * Elite Rodeo Athletes, a professional rodeo organization * English Racing Automobiles, a manufacturer of racing cars * Era Basket Liga (EBL), name of Polish Basketball League due to sponsorship reasons in 2003–2005 Media * Era (publisher), a Bulgarian publishing house * Era (radio station), in Malaysia * Era Television, a Taiwanese television network * ''Improvement Era'', a defunct magazine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * Hellenic Radio, the main public radio broadcaster in Greece * ''The Era'' (newspaper), a defunct British weekly * TV Era, a television channel in North Macedonia Music * Era (musical project), a New Age m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anarchism In France
Anarchism in France can trace its roots to thinker Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, who grew up during the Restoration and was the first self-described anarchist. French anarchists fought in the Spanish Civil War as volunteers in the International Brigades. According to journalist Brian Doherty, "The number of people who subscribed to the anarchist movement's many publications was in the tens of thousands in France alone." History The origins of the modern anarchist movement lie in the events of the French Revolution, which the historian Thomas Carlyle characterized as the "open violent Rebellion, and Victory, of disimprisoned Anarchy against corrupt worn-out Authority". Immediately following the storming of the Bastille, the communes of France began to organize themselves into systems of local self-government, maintaining their independence from the State and organizing unity between communes through federalist principles. Direct democracy was implemented in the local districts of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fusillade De Fourmies
The Fusillade de Fourmies was an event which happened on 1 May 1891 in Fourmies, in the French Nord department. Government troops fired on a peaceful demonstration of workers demanding an eight-hour workday. The troops' action against the workers, claiming "C'est les huit heures qu'il nous faut !" (it's the eight-hour day we need), killed nine people, including two children, and injured 35 people. Context Fourmies was a small town of 2000 people at the beginning of the 19th century, but it had experienced rapid industrial industrial growth and demographic growth because of the textile industry. In 1891, it had 37 silk and wool mills, and 15 000 people, in majority factory workers. In the factories, workers worked for 12 hours a day, and six days a week. Their salaries were particularly low. Starting in 1885, the textile industry in the Nord began to experience difficulties. These difficulties had direct repercussions for the workers, with unemployment and salary reductio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
