|
Nasr Al-Dawla Ibn Marwan
Abu Nasr Ahmad ibn Marwan, also known with the laqab Nasr al-Dawla, was the ruler of the Marwanid Emirate from 1011 to 1061. Nasr al-Dawla was regarded as the guardian of the Islamic frontier, and as such he was expected to attack Christian territories whenever the opportunity arrived. Early life and rise to power Nasr al-Dawla was the third son of Marwan; before his rise to power he lived in semi-exile in Siirt. After Mumahhid al-Dawla's assassination by his gulam Sharwin ibn Muhammad, Nasr al-Dawla was approached by Kurdish tribal chiefs to take over the Marwanid throne. Sharwin ibn Muhammad surrendered himself to Nasr al-Dawla due to lack of support from the local population, and Nasr al-Dawla had him executed. reign During al-Dawla's reign, it was the golden age for Mayafariqin and surrounding areas. In 1026, he seized Edessa from the Romans, but it was recaptured in 1035. The long rule of Nasr al-Dawla represented the apogee of Marwanid power. He built a new citadel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malik
Malik (; ; ; variously Romanized ''Mallik'', ''Melik'', ''Malka'', ''Malek'', ''Maleek'', ''Malick'', ''Mallick'', ''Melekh'') is the Semitic term translating to "king", recorded in East Semitic and Arabic, and as mlk in Northwest Semitic during the Late Bronze Age (e.g. Aramaic, Canaanite, Hebrew). Although the early forms of the name were to be found among the pre-Arab and pre-Islamic Semitic speakers of the Levant, Canaan, and Mesopotamia, it has since been adopted in various other, mainly but not exclusively Islamized or Arabized non-Semitic Asian languages for their ruling princes and to render kings elsewhere. It is also sometimes used in derived meanings. The female version of Malik is Malikah (; or its various spellings such as '' Malekeh'' or ''Melike''), meaning "queen". The name Malik was originally found among various pre-Arab and non-Muslim Semitic speakers such as the indigenous ethnic Assyrians of Iraq, Amorites, Jews, Arameans, Mandeans, other Sy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th centuryAD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'. During the early centuries of the Roman Empire, the western provinces were Romanization (cultural), Latinised, but the eastern parts kept their Hellenistic culture. Constantine the Great, Constantine I () legalised Christianity and moved the capital to Constantinople. Theodosius I, Theodosius I () made Christianity the state religion and Greek gradually replaced Latin for official use. The empire adopted a defensive strategy and, throughout its remaining history, expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marwanid Dynasty
The Marwanids or Dustakids, Marwanid Emirate (983/990-1085, ) were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey and south Armenia), centered on the city of Mayyafariqin. Territory The Marwanid realm in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq/southeastern Turkey) and Armenia, centered on the city of Amid (Diyarbakır). They also ruled over Akhlat, Bitlis,Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). ''The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development''. Syracuse University Press. p. 15. . Manzikert,Tekin, Rahimi (2000). ''Ahlat tarihi''. Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı. p. 35. . Nisibis, Erciş, Muradiye, Siirt, Cizre, Hasankayf, and temporarily ruled over Mosul and Edessa. History Origins According to most academic sources, the Marwanids were a Kurdish dynasty hailing from the Humaydi Tribe. The Encyclopaedia of Iran considers them as an Arab dynasty in one article, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
11th-century Kurdish People
The 11th century is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium. In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief ascendancy, a sudden decline of Byzantine power and a rise of Norman domination over much of Europe, along with the prominent role in Europe of notably influential popes. Christendom experienced a formal schism in this century which had been developing over previous centuries between the Latin West and Byzantine East, causing a split in its two largest denominations to this day: Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. In Song dynasty China and the classical Islamic world, this century marked the high point for both classical Chinese civilization, science and technology, and classical Islamic science, philosophy, technology and literature. Rival political factions at the Song dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Jazira (caliphal Province)
Al-Jazira (), also known as Jazirat Aqur or Iqlim Aqur, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, spanning at minimum most of Upper Mesopotamia (al-Jazira proper), divided between the districts of Diyar Bakr, Diyar Rabi'a and Diyar Mudar, and at times including Mosul, Arminiya and Adharbayjan as sub-provinces. Following its conquest by the Muslim Arabs in 639/40, it became an administrative unit attached to the larger district of Jund Hims. It was separated from Hims during the reigns of caliphs Mu'awiya I or Yazid I and came under the jurisdiction of Jund Qinnasrin. It was made its own province in 692 by Caliph Abd al-Malik. After 702, it frequently came to span the key districts of Arminiya and Adharbayjan along the Caliphate's northern frontier, making it a super-province. The predominance of Arabs from the Qays/Mudar and Rabi'a groups made it a major recruitment pool of tribesmen for the Umayyad armies and the troops of the Jazira played a key ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Muqtadi
Abū'l-Qasim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im (Arabic: أبو القاسم عبد الله بن محمد بن القائم) better known by his regnal name al-Muqtadi (Arabic: المقتدي 'the follower'; 1056 – February 1094) was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 1075 to 1094. He succeeded his grandfather caliph al-Qa'im in 1075 as the twenty-seventh Abbasid caliph. Biography He was born to Muhammad Dhakirat, the son of caliph Al-Qa'im, and an Armenian slave girl named Urjuman. His full name was ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im and his Kunya was Abū'l-Qasim. He was born in 24 July 1056. When al-Qa'im was on his deathbed in 1075, Fakhr ad-Dawla took charge of his personal care - al-Qa'im did not want bloodletting but Fakhr ad-Dawla had it done anyway. Before he died, al-Qa'im advised his grandson and successor al-Muqtadi to keep the Banu Jahir in their position: ''"I have not seen better persons for the ''dawla'' than Ibn Jahir and his son; do not tur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes its name. After overthrowing the Umayyad Caliphate in the Abbasid Revolution of 750 CE (132 AH), they ruled as caliphs based in modern-day Iraq, with Baghdad being their capital for most of their history. The Abbasid Revolution had its origins and first successes in the easterly region of Khurasan, far from the Levantine center of Umayyad influence. The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in Kufa, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad as the new capital. Baghdad became the center of science, culture, arts, and invention in what became known as the Golden Age of Islam. By housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diyarbakır
Diyarbakır is the largest Kurdish-majority city in Turkey. It is the administrative center of Diyarbakır Province. Situated around a high plateau by the banks of the Tigris river on which stands the historic Diyarbakır Fortress, it is the administrative capital of the Diyarbakır Province of southeastern Turkey. It is the second-largest city in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. As of December 2024, the Metropolitan Province population was 1 833 684 of whom 1 164 940 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of the 4 urban districts ( Bağlar, Kayapınar, Sur and Yenişehir). Diyarbakır has been a main focal point of the conflict between the Turkish state and various Kurdish separatist groups, and is seen by many Kurds as the de facto capital of Kurdistan. The city was intended to become the capital of an independent Kurdistan following the Treaty of Sèvres, but this was disregarded following subsequent political developments. On 6 February 2023 Diyarbakır ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edessa
Edessa (; ) was an ancient city (''polis'') in Upper Mesopotamia, in what is now Urfa or Şanlıurfa, Turkey. It was founded during the Hellenistic period by Macedonian general and self proclaimed king Seleucus I Nicator (), founder of the Seleucid Empire. He named it after an ancient Macedonian capital. The Greek name (''Édessa'') means "tower in the water". It later became capital of the Kingdom of Osroene, and continued as capital of the Roman province of Osroene. In Late Antiquity, it became a prominent center of Christian learning and seat of the Catechetical School of Edessa. During the Crusades, it was the capital of the County of Edessa. The city was situated on the banks of the Daysan River (; ; ), a tributary of the Khabur, and was defended by Şanlıurfa Castle, the high central citadel. Ancient Edessa is the predecessor of modern Urfa (; ; ; ), in Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Modern names of the city are likely derived from Urhay or Orhay (), the site's S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marwanids (Diyar Bakr)
The Marwanids or Dustakids, Marwanid Emirate (983/990-1085, ) were a Kurdish Sunni Muslim dynasty in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq, southeastern Turkey and south Armenia), centered on the city of Mayyafariqin. Territory The Marwanid realm in the Diyar Bakr region of Upper Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq/southeastern Turkey) and Armenia, centered on the city of Amid (Diyarbakır). They also ruled over Akhlat, Bitlis,Jwaideh, Wadie (2006). ''The Kurdish National Movement: Its Origins and Development''. Syracuse University Press. p. 15. . Manzikert,Tekin, Rahimi (2000). ''Ahlat tarihi''. Osmanlı Araştırmaları Vakfı. p. 35. . Nisibis, Erciş, Muradiye, Siirt, Cizre, Hasankayf, and temporarily ruled over Mosul and Edessa. History Origins According to most academic sources, the Marwanids were a Kurdish dynasty hailing from the Humaydi Tribe. The Encyclopaedia of Iran considers them as an Arab dynasty in one article, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silvan, Diyarbakır
Silvan (; , ) is a municipality and district of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,252 km2, and its population is 86,161 (2022). It is populated by Kurds. History Silvan has been identified by several scholars as one of two possible locations (the other being Arzan) of Tigranakert (Tigranocerta), the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Armenia, which was built by King Tigran the Great (ruling 95–55 BC) and named in his honor. Hakobyan, Tadevos Kh. ''«Տիգրանակերտ»'' (Tigranakert). Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. vol. xi. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1986, pp. 699-700. Roman era In 69 BC, the army of Republican Rome defeated Tigran's troops in the battle of Tigranocerta. The city lost its importance as a thriving center for trade and Hellenistic culture in the following decades. In 387 AD, with the Peace of Acilisene, Tigranakert was made part of the Byzantine Empire. Around 400 AD, the city's bishop, Marutha (later, saint Marutha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kurdish Tribes
Kurdish tribes are tribes of Kurds, Kurdish people, an ethnic group from the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan in West Asia, Western Asia. The tribes are socio-political and generally also a territorial unit based on descent and kinship, real or putative, with a characteristic internal structure. They are naturally divided into a number of sub-tribes, and each of these sub-tribes again are divided into smaller units: clans, lineages and households. Designation Each Kurdish tribe use different kinds of terms to designate "Tribe", "sub-tribe", "Clan", "lineage" and "household"; 'Ahiret, Tira, Hoz, il, Khel, Tayfa or Taifa, Zuma and Rama. These terms are used loosely and interchangeably despite the tribal structure and organization of all Kurdish tribes are almost the same. History Early record In the 9th century, it was reported by Ibn Khordadbeh, Ibn khurdubah that Kurdish tribes used the word Zūma to designate tribes (, ; ). The 9th century historian, Ya'qubi, recorded present ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
