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Naming Conventions For Women In Ancient Rome
Naming conventions for women in ancient Rome differed from nomenclature for men, and practice changed dramatically from the Early Republic to the High Empire and then into Late Antiquity. Females were identified officially by the feminine of the family name (''nomen gentile'', that is, the ''gens'' name), which might be further differentiated by the genitive form of the father's ''cognomen'', or for a married woman her husband's. Numerical adjectives might distinguish among sisters, such as ''Tertia'', "the Third" (compare Generational titles in English names). By the late Republic, women also often adopted the feminine of their father's ''cognomen''. A woman kept her own family name after she married, though she might be identified in relation to her husband: the name Clodia Metelli, "Clodia ifeof Metellus," preserves the birth name ''Clodia'' and adds her husband's name to specify which Clodia. Children usually took the father's name. In the Imperial period, however, chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appia Antica - CeciliaMetella-005
Appia may refer to: Places *Appian Way (In Italian and Latin: ''Via Appia''), one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic * Appia (Phrygia), a town and bishopric of ancient Phrygia, now in Turkey *Aqua Appia, the first ancient Roman aqueduct, constructed in 312 BC People * Appia gens, family at ancient Rome *Adolphe Appia (1862–1928), Swiss architect and theorist of stage lighting and décor * Dominique Appia (1926–2017), Swiss painter who lived and worked in the city of Geneva *Louis Appia (1818–1898), surgeon with special merit in military medicine * Saint Appia (1st century AD), wife of Philemon, recipient of a letter from Paul the Apostle Nature * ''Appia'' (skipper), genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae Other uses * Appia (software), free and open-source layered communication toolkit implemented in Java * Lancia Appia, car introduced in 1953 as a replacement for the Ardea, produced for 10 years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aemilia Paulla
Aemilia Tertia ( 162 or 163 BC), properly Aemilia, was the wife of Scipio Africanus. Life She was a member of the gens Aemilia, one of the ancient Roman patrician families, and the daughter of Lucius Aemilius Paullus who was consul in 219 and 216 BC. Paullus died in 216 at the Battle of Cannae and she married Africanus, then known only as Publius Cornelius Scipio, some time around the battle. In life she was known for her ostentatious displays of wealth. Polybius, for example, noted in his narrative how Aemilia "display dgreat magnificence whenever she left her house to take part in the ceremonies that women attend, having participated in the fortune of Scipio when he was at the height of his prosperity" before describing the large size of her retinue, gold and silver adorned carriage, and expensive sacrificial instruments. These ostentatious displays of wealth reflected high levels of status competition among the female members of the middle republican elite, espec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornelia Metella
Cornelia Metella ( 73 BCRonald Syme points out that in 74 BC, Cornelia's father was the romantic rival of Cato for Aemilia, Cornelia's mother; their marriage followed soon after and provides the earliest possible date for their daughter's birth. The latest date for Cornelia's marriage to young Crassus would be 54 BC, before he left to join his father for the ill-fated Parthian campaign; Cornelia is unlikely to have been younger than 15 at the time, and so her latest year of birth would be 69 BC. See , reprinted in ''Roman Papers'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), vol. 3, p. 1225. – after 48 BC) was the daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica (who was consul in 52 BC and originally from the gens Cornelia) and his wife Aemilia. She appears in numerous literary sources, including an official dedicatory inscription at Pergamon. Biography Cornelia was first married to Publius Licinius Crassus, son of Marcus Licinius Crassus, in 55 BC, whe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pompeia Magna
Pompeia Magna (born 80/75 BC – before 35 BC) was the daughter and second child born to Roman triumvir Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus) from his third marriage, to Mucia Tertia. Her elder brother was Gnaeus Pompeius and her younger brother was Sextus Pompey. Biography Pompeia was born and raised in Rome. In 59 BC, her father Pompey married for a fourth time, to Julia, the daughter of Julius Caesar. After their marriage, Pompeia was betrothed to a Servilius Caepio, but she instead married Faustus Cornelius Sulla, a politician who was the son of Roman dictator Lucius Cornelius Sulla from his wife Caecilia Metella. Around 47 BC, Faustus died in the African War against Julius Caesar. Their two sons fell into the hands of Caesar, however he dismissed them as a danger and pardoned them. After 46 BC, Pompeia married for a second time to politician Lucius Cornelius Cinna who was consul in 32 BC. For a time, Pompeia accompanied her younger brother Sextus Pompey to Sici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cornelia Sulla
Cornelia Sulla or Cornelia Silla was the eldest daughter of the Roman statesman and general Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his first wife Julia. Biography Early life It is believed that she was Sulla's daughter by his first wife Julia. She likely had a full brother named Lucius Cornelius Sulla who died young. Her mother died while she was young, and her father would remarry four times, from these marriages Cornelia had three siblings; Faustus Cornelius Sulla, Fausta Cornelia and Cornelia Postuma. Marriages Cornelia married Quintus Pompeius Rufus, the son of Sulla's consular colleague in 88 BC, Quintus Pompeius Rufus. The marriage produced two children, Pompeia (who became Julius Caesar's second or third wife) and Quintus Pompeius Rufus. Her husband was killed during a riot led by the tribune Publius Sulpicius Rufus in 88 BC. She remarried Mamercus Aemilius Lepidus Livianus, who became consul in 77 BC, a year after the death of Sulla. Violent upheavals soon ensued out of the ongoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claudia Gens
The gens Claudia (), sometimes written Clodia, was one of the most prominent patrician (ancient Rome), patrician houses at ancient Rome. The gens traced its origin to the earliest days of the Roman Republic. The first of the Claudii to obtain the Roman consul, consulship was Appius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis, in 495 BC, and from that time its members frequently held the highest offices of the state, both under the Republic and in Roman Empire, imperial times.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. I, p. 762 ("s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Claudia gens, Claudia Gens"). Plebeian Claudii are found fairly early in Rome's history. Some may have been descended from members of the family who had passed over to the plebeians, while others were probably the descendants of freedman, freedmen of the gens. In the later Republic, Publius Clodius Pulcher, one of its patrician members voluntarily converted to plebeian status and adopted the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrician (ancient Rome)
The patricians (from ) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom and the early Roman Republic, Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders (494 BC to 287 BC). By the time of the late Republic and Roman Empire, Empire, membership in the patriciate was of only nominal significance. The social structure of ancient Rome revolved around the distinction between the patricians and the plebeians. The status of patricians gave them more political power than the plebeians, but the relationship between the groups eventually caused the Conflict of the Orders. This time period resulted in changing of the social structure of ancient Rome. After the Western Roman Empire, Western Empire fell, the term "patrician" continued as a high Byzantine aristocracy and bureaucracy, honorary title in the Eastern Empire. In many Italian city-states, medieval Italian republics, especially in Republic of V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claudia Quinta
Quinta Claudia was a Roman matron said to have been instrumental in bringing the goddess Cybele, "Great Mother" of the gods from her shrine in Greek Asia Minor to Rome in 204 BC, during the last years of Rome's Second Punic War against Carthage. The goddess had been brought in response to dire prodigies, a failed harvest and the advice of various oracles. Roman histories and stories describe Quinta Claudia as ''castissima femina'' (purest or most virtuous woman) in Rome, chosen along with Scipio Nasica, Rome's ''optimus vir'' ("best man") to welcome the goddess. Biography Gossips had accused Claudia of inchastity; but when the ship that carried the goddess's image up the River Tiber stuck fast on a sandbar, Claudia prayed for the goddess's help, then released and towed the ship single-handed. This miraculous feat proved Claudia's reputation and the goddess's willingness to become Rome's protector. Soon after, Rome had a good harvest, then defeated the Carthaginian leader Hanni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decimus (praenomen)
Decimus ( , ), very rarely feminine Decima, is a Latin ''praenomen'', or given name, personal name, usually abbreviated D. Although never especially common, Decimus was used throughout Roman history from the earliest times to the end of the Western Roman Empire, Western Empire and beyond, surviving into modern times. The name also gave rise to the patronymic ''Decimia gens, gens Decimia''. Decimus was especially favored by the plebeian ''Junia gens, gens Junia'', which may originally have been patrician. However, the name does not seem to have been used regularly by any other patrician family. It was widespread amongst the plebeians, and resisted the general trend of uncommon praenomina to become less frequent over time, instead becoming more popular towards the end of the Roman Republic and into Imperial times.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology'' Origin and meaning of the name Decimus is the Latin word for ''tenth'', and it falls into a class of similar praenomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus (praenomen)
''Sextus'' (), feminine Sexta, is a Latin ''praenomen'', or personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic ''gentes Sextia'' and '' Sextilia''. The name was regularly abbreviated Sex., but occasionally is found abbreviated S. (usually used for the praenomen ''Spurius''), or Sext.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology'' ''Sextus'' was about the tenth most-common praenomen for most of Roman history, although it became slightly more common in imperial times, as other praenomina declined in popularity. Many families did not use it, but it was widespread amongst all social classes, and was favored by some families. The name survived the collapse of Roman civil institutions in the 5th and 6th centuries, and has continued in use into modern times. Origin and meaning of the name ''Sextus'' is the Latin word for ''sixth'', and it falls into a class of similar praenom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quintus (praenomen)
Quintus (), feminine Quinta, is a Latin praenomen, or given name, personal name, which was common throughout all periods of Roman history. It was used by both Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician and Plebeians, plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic gentes Quinctia gens, Quinctia and Quinctilia gens, Quinctilia. The name was regularly abbreviated Q.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology'' Throughout Roman history, Quintus was one of the most common praenomina, generally occupying fourth or fifth place, behind ''Lucius (praenomen), Lucius'', ''Gaius (praenomen), Gaius'', and ''Marcus (praenomen), Marcus'', and occurring about as frequently as ''Publius (praenomen), Publius''. Although many families did not use the name at all, it was particularly favored by others. The name continued to be used after the collapse of Roman civil institutions in the fifth and sixth centuries, and has survived to the present day.''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswisse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Praenomen
The praenomen (; plural: praenomina) was a first name chosen by the parents of a Ancient Rome, Roman child. It was first bestowed on the ''dies lustricus'' (day of lustration), the eighth day after the birth of a girl, or the ninth day after the birth of a boy. The praenomen would then be formally conferred a second time when girls married, or when boys assumed the ''toga virilis'' upon reaching manhood. Although it was the oldest of the ''tria nomina'' commonly used in Roman naming conventions, by the late republic, most praenomina were so common that most people were called by their praenomina only by family or close friends. For this reason, although they continued to be used, praenomina gradually disappeared from public records during imperial times. Although both men and women received praenomina, women's praenomina were frequently ignored, and they were gradually abandoned by many Roman families, though they continued to be used in some families and in the countryside. Backg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
