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Names Of God In Judaism
Judaism has different names given to God in Judaism, God, which are considered sacred: (), (''Adonai'' ), (''El (deity), El'' ), ( ), (''El Shaddai, Shaddai'' ), and ( ); some also include I Am that I Am.This is the formulation of Joseph Karo (SA YD 276:9). Maimonides (MT Yesodei haTorah 6:2), Jacob ben Asher (AT YD 276), and Isaac Alfasi (HK Menachot 3b) also included I Am that I Am, as do many later authorities, including Moses Isserles (SA YD 276:9). The original lists are found in y. Megillah 1:9 and b. Shavuot 35a, with some MSs agreeing with each authority. Maimonides and followers give the number of names as seven; however, manuscript inconsistency makes it difficult to judge which are included. Authorities including Asher ben Jehiel (''Responsa'' 3:15), the Tosafot, Tosafists (b. Sotah 10a), Yechiel of Paris (cited ''Birkei Yosef, Oraḥ Hayyim'' 85:8), Simeon ben Zemah Duran, Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin, and Moses Isserles (SA YD 276:13), include the term Shalom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tetragrammaton Sefardi
The TetragrammatonPronounced ; ; also known as the Tetragram. is the four-letter Hebrew-language theonym (transliteration, transliterated as YHWH or YHVH), the name of God in the Hebrew Bible. The four Hebrew letters, written and read from right to left, are ''yodh, yod'', ''he (letter), he'', ''waw (letter), vav'', and ''he''.The word "tetragrammaton" originates from Greek 'four' + ( ) 'letter' The name may be derived from a verb that means 'to be', 'to exist', 'to cause to become', or 'to come to pass'. While there is no consensus about the structure and etymology of the name, the form ''Yahweh'' (with niqqud: ) is now almost universally accepted among Biblical and Semitic linguistics scholars,The form ''Yahweh'' is also dominant in Christianity, but is not used in Islam or Judaism. though the vocalization ''Jehovah'' continues to have wide usage, especially in Christian traditions. In modernity, Christianity is the only Abrahamic religion in which the Tetragrammaton is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simeon Ben Zemah Duran
Simeon ben Zemah Duran, also Tzemach Duran (1361–1444; ), known as Rashbatz () or Tashbatz, was a prominent Jewish scholar, rabbinic authority, and polemicist. He was proficient in various fields, including philosophy, mathematics, natural sciences, astronomy, and medicine. Born in Medieval Spain, he fled with his family to Algeria in the aftermath of the 1391 pogroms that devastated the Jewish community of Spain. In 1408, he became the rabbinic leader of Algerian Jewry, earning widespread recognition for his legal rulings in Spain, North Africa, France, and Italy. Biography Simeon ben Tzemach was born in the Hebrew month of Adar, 1361. Various accounts put his birthplace as either Barcelona, or the island of Majorca. He was a near relation but not a grandson of Levi ben Gershon. He was a student of Ephraim Vidal, and of Jonah de Maestre, rabbi in Zaragoza or in Calatayud, whose daughter Bongoda he married. After the 1391 massacre in the Balearic Islands, he fled Spa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
He (letter)
He is the fifth Letter (alphabet), letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician ''hē'' 𐤄, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew ''hē'' , Aramaic alphabet, Aramaic ''hē'' 𐡄, Syriac alphabet, Syriac ''hē'' ܗ, and Arabic alphabet, Arabic ''hāʾ'' . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪀, Ancient South Arabian script, South Arabian , and Geʽez script, Ge'ez . Its sound value is the voiceless glottal fricative (). The Proto-Canaanite alphabet, proto-Canaanite letter gave rise to the Greek alphabet, Greek Epsilon Ε ε, Etruscan alphabet, Etruscan 𐌄, Latin alphabet, Latin E, Ë and Latin epsilon, Ɛ, and Cyrillic script, Cyrillic Ye (Cyrillic), Е, Yo (Cyrillic), Ё, Ukrainian Ye, Є, E (Cyrillic), Э, and O-hook, Ҩ. ''He'', like all Phoenician letters, represented a consonant, but the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic equivalents have all come to represent vowel sounds. Origins In Proto-Northwest Semitic there were still three voice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yodh
Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ''yōd'' 𐤉, Hebrew ''yod'' , Aramaic ''yod'' 𐡉, Syriac ''yōḏ'' ܝ, and Arabic ''yāʾ'' . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪚, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . Its sound value is in all languages for which it is used; in many languages, it also serves as a long vowel, representing . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek Iota (Ι), Latin I and J, Cyrillic І, Coptic (Ⲓ) and Gothic eis . The term yod is often used to refer to the speech sound , a palatal approximant, even in discussions of languages not written in Semitic abjads, as in phonological phenomena such as English "yod-dropping". Origins Yod originated from a hieroglyphic "hand", or *yad. D36 Before the late nineteenth century, the letter yāʼ was written without its two dots, especially those in the Levant. Arabic yāʼ The letter is named ' (). It is wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Waw (letter)
Waw ( "hook") is the sixth Letter (alphabet), letter of the Abjad, Semitic abjads, including Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician ''wāw'' 𐤅, Aramaic alphabet, Aramaic ''waw'' 𐡅, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew ''vav'' , Syriac alphabet, Syriac ''waw'' ܘ and Arabic alphabet, Arabic ''wāw'' (sixth in abjadi order; 27th in modern Arabic order). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪅, Ancient South Arabian script, South Arabian , and Geʽez script, Ge'ez . It represents the consonant in classical Hebrew, and in modern Hebrew, as well as the vowels and . In text with niqqud, a dot is added to the left or on top of the letter to indicate, respectively, the two vowel pronunciations. It is the origin of Greek Ϝ (digamma) and Υ (upsilon); Latin F, V and later the derived Y, U and W; and the also derived Cyrillic U (Cyrillic), У and Izhitsa, Ѵ. Origin The letter likely originated with an Egyptian hieroglyph which represented List of Egyptian hieroglyphs# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teth
Teth, also written as or Tet, is the ninth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ''ṭēt'' 𐤈, Hebrew, Aramaic ''ṭēṯ'' 𐡈, and Syriac ''ṭēṯ'' ܛ, and Arabic ''ṭāʾ'' . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪗, South Arabian , and Geʽez . The Phoenician letter also gave rise to the Greek theta (), originally an aspirated voiceless dental stop but now used for the voiceless dental fricative. The Arabic letter (ط) is sometimes transliterated as ''Tah'' in English, for example in Arabic script in Unicode. The sound value of Teth is , one of the Semitic emphatic consonants. Origins The Phoenician letter name may mean " spinning wheel" pictured as (compare Hebrew root (''ṭ-w-y'') meaning 'spinning' (a thread) which begins with Teth). According to another hypothesis (Brian Colless), the letter possibly continues a Middle Bronze Age glyph named 'good', Aramaic 'tav', Hebrew 'tov', Syriac ܛܒܐ 'tava', modern Arabi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chumra (Judaism)
A ''chumra'' (; pl. ; alternative transliteration: ) is a prohibition or obligation in Jewish practice that exceeds the bare requirements of Halakha (Jewish law). One who imposes a ''chumra'' on oneself in a given instance is said to be ''machmir'' (). An obligation or prohibition can be adopted by an individual or an entire community. Early references to ''chumrot'' are found in the Talmud, and the understanding and application of them has changed over time. After a chumra has been observed for generations, it can become a minhag, or accepted tradition, and become a binding requirement for individuals from families or communities that adopted the chumra. Types Safeguards One form of ''chumra'' is a precaution to help avoid transgressing the Halakha, or else a way of keeping those who have taken on the stringency separate from those who have not. This follows the Mishnah's recommendation for Torah scholars to "make a fence around the Torah", which the rabbis considered to be h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yaakov Lorberbaum
Jacob Lorberbaum or Jacob ben Jacob Moses of Lissa (1760-1832) , Hebrew: יעקב בן יעקב משה מליסא) was a rabbi and posek. He is most commonly known as the Ba'al HaChavas Da'as or the Ba'al HaNesivos for his most well-known works, or as the " Lissa Rav" for the city in which he was Chief Rabbi. Biography Lorberbaum was the great-grandson of Tzvi Ashkenazi. According to one tradition, his father, Yaakov Moshe, died before he was born. His relative, Joseph ben Meir Teomim, the rabbi of Bursztyn, brought him up. This accounts for the common name that both father and son share. Another tradition states that before he was born, his father fell ill, and dreamed that he would recover in the merit of the son that would be born to him. In the merit of his future son, the father took his name-to-be. Another legend is that at his naming ceremony, his father was preoccupied with his study and thought they asked for his name. He studied under Meshullam Egra. He was head of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonathan Eybeschutz
Jonathan Eybeschutz or Eybeshitz (; 1690–1764) was a Talmudist, halakhist, and kabbalist holding positions first as Dayan of Prague and later as rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hamburg, and Wandsbek. He is well known for his conflict with Jacob Emden in the Emden–Eybeschutz Controversy. Biography Eybeschutz's father Nosson Nota was the rabbi in Ivančice (, Yiddish ''Eybeshits'') in Habsburg Moravia. Born in Kraków, Eybeschutz was a illui (Talmudic prodigy child); on his father's death, he studied in the yeshiva of Meir Eisenstadt in Prossnitz (now Prostějov), and then later in Holleschau (now Holešov in the Zlín Region). He also lived in Vienna for a short time. He married Elkele Spira, daughter of Isaac Spira-Fraenkel, and they lived in Hamburg for two years with Mordecai ha-Kohen, Elkele's maternal grandfather. At eighteen, Eybeschutz was appointed rabbi of Bolesławiec, where he stayed for three years. Afterward, he settled in Prague in 1711 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yechiel Michel Epstein
Yechiel Michel ha-Levi Epstein () (24 January 1829 – 25 March 1908), often called "the ''Aruch haShulchan''" after his magnum opus, '' Aruch HaShulchan'', was a Rabbi and ''posek'' (authority in Jewish law) in Lithuania. Biography Yechiel Michel Epstein was born on 24 January 1829 in Babruysk, Russian Empire (presently in Belarus) to Aharon Yitzchak and Rashka Epstein. His father Aharon Yitzchak Epstein was a builder and contractor who spend much of his time traveling for his work, which were often projects of the Czarist government. He had one brother, Benjamin Beinush Epstein, who lived in Saint Petersburg. The two brothers stayed in touch over the years, and when Epstein needed to travel to Saint Petersburg—usually to submit his writings to the Russian censor before publishing—he would stay at his brother's house. As a child, Epstein studied in a traditional Cheder. His original intent was to follow in his father's footsteps: to work as a merchant, while dedicatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shabbatai HaKohen
Shabbatai ben Meir HaKohen (; 1621–1662) was a talmudist and halakhist. He became known as the ''Shakh'' (), which is an abbreviation of his most important work, ''Siftei Kohen'' () (literally ''Lips of the Priest'') on the Shulchan Aruch. Biography Shabbatai HaKohen was born either in Amstibovo or in Vilnius, Wilno, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania in 1621 and died in Holešov, Moravia, on the 1st of Adar, 1662. He first studied with his father and in 1633 he entered the yeshivah of Rabbi Joshua Höschel ben Joseph at Tykotzin, moving later to Kraków and Lublin, where he studied under Naphtali Cohen. He also studied under Rabbi Ya'acov ben Ephraim Hersch, Av Beis Din of Lublin and Brisk, and the Rosh Yeshiva of the latter. Returning to Wilno, he married the daughter of the wealthy Shimon Wolf, a great-grandson of Moses Isserles, and shortly after was appointed to the Beit Din as one of the assistants of Moses ben Isaac Judah Lima, author of ''Moses ben Isaac Judah Lima, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akiva Eiger
Akiva Eiger (, also spelled Eger; , ), or Akiva Güns (8 November 1761 – 12 October 1837) was a Talmudic scholar, halakhic decisor and leader of European Jewry during the early 19th century. Eiger is considered one of the greatest Talmudic scholars of modern times and among the most prominent. His name has become synonymous with Talmudic genius in Jewish scholarly culture, and his Torah is studied in the Batei Midrash of contemporary yeshivas. His methods of study and the logic he applied remain relevant today, unlike other Aharonim who tended towards Pilpul. In addition to his significant influence on the study of the Talmud and the works of the Rishonim, Akiva Eiger had a decisive impact in the field of halakha. His glosses printed on the margins of the Shulchan Aruch, as well as his responsa in his Shut works, are foundational elements in the world of daily halachic ruling and the realm of Dayanut. At the beginning of his career, he avoided taking on a rabbinical pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
