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Naic Languages
The Naic or Naxish languages are a group of Sino-Tibetan languages that include Naxi, Na (Mosuo), Laze (Muli Shuitian), Shixing (Xumi), and Namuyi (Namuzi). They have been variously classified as part of the Loloish or the Qiangic branch of Sino-Tibetan. The name "Naic" is derived from the endonym ''Na'' used by speakers of several of the languages. Classification Lama (2012) Lama (2012) lists the following languages in his Naxish clade, which he places in the Loloish branch. *Naxish ** Namuzi (') ** Naxi (') *** Na: Mali Masa, Na (Moso) ***etc. ****Naru ****Naheng, Naxi proper Lama (2012) lists the following sound changes from Proto-Loloish as Naxish innovations. * *sn > * *pw- > Jacques & Michaud (2011), Chirkova (2012) The Naic group (corresponding to Lama's Naxish clade) is classified as Qiangic and not Loloish by Guillaume Jacques & Alexis Michaud (2011).Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Michaud. 2011.Approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yunnan
Yunnan; is an inland Provinces of China, province in Southwestern China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 47.2 million (as of 2020). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Sichuan, Autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions of Guangxi and Tibet Autonomous Region, Tibet, as well as Southeast Asian countries Myanmar (Burma), Vietnam, and Laos. Yunnan is China's fourth least developed province based on disposable income per capita in 2014. Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with high elevations in the Northwest and low elevations in the Southeast. Most of the population lives in the eastern part of the province. In the west, the altitude can vary from the mountain peaks to river valleys as much as . Yunnan is rich in natural resources and has the largest diversity of plant life in China. Of the approximately 30,000 species of Vascular plant, higher plants in China, Yunnan has perhaps 17, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosuo
The Mosuo (; also spelled Moso, Mosso or Musuo), often incorrectly referred to as the Naxi, are an ethnic group living in China's Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. Consisting of a population of approximately 50,000, many of them live in the Yongning region, around Lugu Lake, in Labai, in Muli, and in Yanyuan. Although the Mosuo are culturally distinct from the Nashi, the Chinese government places them as members of the Nashi minority. The Nashi are about 320,000 people spread throughout different provinces in China. Their culture has been documented by indigenous scholars Lamu Gatusa, Latami Dashi, Yang Lifen, and He Mei. Introduction The Mosuo are often referred to as China's "last matrilineal society". The Mosuo themselves may also often use the description ''matriarchal'', which they believe increases interest in their culture and thus attracts tourism.Lugu Lake Mosuo Cultural Development Association (2006). . Retrieved on: 2011-07-10. However, the terms ''matrilineal'' and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Michaud
Alexis Michaud is a French linguist specialising in the study of Southeast Asian languages, especially Naic languages and Vietnamese. He is also known for his work on the typology of tonal languages and as a foremost proponent of Panchronic phonology. He is one of the main editors of the Pangloss Collection. He works at the LACITO research centre within Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. He is member of the editorial board of journals such as '' Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area'' and associate editor of the '' Journal of the International Phonetic Association''. A documentary film entitled ''Sound Hunter'' was made about his fieldwork in Yunnan, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after .... Selected publications * * * * Michaud, Alexis. 2006. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guillaume Jacques
Guillaume Jacques (, born 1979) is a French linguist who specializes in the study of Sino-Tibetan languages: Old Chinese, Tangut, Tibetan, Gyalrongic and Kiranti languages. He also performs research on the Algonquian and Siouan language families and publishes about languages of other families such as Breton. His case studies in historical phonology are set in the framework of panchronic phonology, aiming to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group. Jacques is one of the main contributors to the Pangloss Collection, an open archive of endangered-language data. Guillaume Jacques was awarded the CNRS Bronze Medal in 2015. Biography Guillaume Jacques studied linguistics at the University of Amsterdam and Paris Diderot University. He obtained his doctorate in 2004 with a dissertation on the phonology and morphology of the Japhug language (one of the Gyalrongic languages), which was based on fieldwork c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proto-Loloish Language
Proto-Loloish is the reconstructed ancestor of the Loloish languages. Reconstructions include those of David Bradley (1979), James Matisoff (2003), and Ziwo Lama (2012). In later publications, in place of ''Loloish'', David Bradley instead uses the term ''Ngwi'' based on a conservative autonym in the Sanie language.Bradley, David. 2005. "Sanie and language loss in China".''International Journal of the Sociology of Language''. Volume 2005, Issue 173, Pp. 159–176. Bradley (1979) Matisoff (2003) Li (2011) Li Yongsui (2011) reconstructs Proto-Lolo-Burmese (Proto-Mian-Yi 缅彝) based on 30 languages. Lama (2012) Lama (2012) reconstructs 37 consonants for Proto-Loloish (which he calls ''Proto-Nisoic''), 7 of which (marked in green) can occur as syllable finals. The glides /w/ and /j/ occur medially. *Vowels (8): *Tones (5): 1, 2, 3 (unchecked tones), H, L (checked tones) References and notes *Bradley, David. 1979. ''Proto-Loloish''. London: Curzon Press. . *Lama, Zi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Na Language
Na (or Narua, Mosuo) is a language of the Naish subbranch of the Naic group of the Sino-Tibetan languages. Varieties Yongning Na, which is spoken in Yongning Township, Ninglang County, Lijiang, Yunnan, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ..., has been documented by Jacques and Michaud (2011). It has three tonal levels. A trilingual dictionary is available online. Lataddi Narua is notable for having only two tonal levels. Phonology Consonants * /t, tʰ, d, n, l/ can be heard as �, ʈʰ, ɖ, ɳ, ɭwhen preceding vowel sounds /ɯ, u, v̩, ɤ, æ/. * /p, pʰ, b, m, w/ can be heard as �̥, ʙ̥ʰ, ʙ, ɱ, vwhen preceding vowel sounds /ɯ, u, v̩/. * /ɣ/ can also be heard as uvular �in word-initial position. * /w, h/ is also heard as voiceless ̥, xi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namuzi Language
Namuyi (Namuzi; autonym: ') is a Tibeto-Burman language belonging to the Naic branch, spoken by approximately 10000 people. It is primarily spoken in southern Sichuan. Namuyi has also been classified as Qiangic by Sun Hongkai (2001) and Guillaume Jacques (2011). The eastern and western dialects have low mutual intelligibility. In Sichuan, it is spoken in Muli County and Mianning County. The language is endangered and the number of speakers with fluency is decreasing year by year, as most teenagers do not speak the language, instead speaking the Sichuan dialect of Chinese. Geographical distribution Namuyi is a language spoken in the following four villages of southern Sichuan: *' (Namuyi name): Dàshuǐ Village 大水村, Mínshèng Township 民胜鄉, Xīchāng City (80 ethnic Namuyi) *' (Namuyi name): Хiǎngshuǐ Village 響水村, Xiǎngshuǐ Township 響水鄉, Xīchāng City (800 ethnic Namuyi) *' (Namuyi name): Dōngfēng Village 東風村, Zéyuǎn Township 澤遠鄉, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laze Language
Laze, rendered in Chinese as Lare (拉热)Guo Dalie, and He Zhiwu. 1994. Naxizu Shi (A History of the Naxi People). Chongqing: Sichuan Minzu Chubanshe. and Shuitianhua (水田话), is a language of the Naish languages, Naish subbranch of the Naic languages, Naic group of languages, spoken in Muli County, western Sichuan, China. Laze is spoken by less than 300 fluent speakers in Xiangjiao Townships of China, Township 项脚乡 within Muli Tibetan Autonomous County, Muli County (Michaud & Jacques 2012).Michaud, Alexis, and Guillaume Jacques. 2012. "The Phonology of Laze: Phonemic Analysis, Syllabic Inventory, and a Short Word List." ''Yuyanxue Luncong'' 语言学论丛 (45): 196–230. Name The name ''Laze'' (IPA: ) is likely to be a place name. Further reading Publications are available on: * an outline of Laze phonology, lexicon and grammar * Laze phonemes: vowels, consonants, syllable structure * the historical phonology of Laze, Na and Naxi Jacques, Guillaume, and Alexis Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naxi Language
Naxi (), also known as ''Nakhi'', ''Nasi'', ''Lomi'', ''Moso'', or ''Mo-su'', is a Sino-Tibetan language or group of languages spoken by approximately 310,000 Nakhi people, most of whom live in or around Yulong Naxi Autonomous County in the province of Yunnan in South China. Classification It is commonly proposed in Chinese scholarship that the Naic languages are Lolo-Burmese languages: for instance, Ziwo Lama (2012) classifies Naxi as part of a "Naxish" branch of Loloish. However, as early as 1975, Sino-Tibetan linguist David Bradley pointed out that Naxi does not partake in the shared innovations that define Loloish.Cited in Thurgood and La Polla (2003) state that "The position of Naxi ... is still unclear despite much speculation" and leave it unclassified within Sino-Tibetan. Guillaume Jacques and Alexis Michaud (2011) classify Naxi within the Naish lower-level subgroup of Sino-Tibetan; in turn, Naish is part of Naic, itself part of a proposed "Na- Qiangic" br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sichuan
Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Chengdu, and its population stands at 83 million. Sichuan neighbors Qinghai and Gansu to the north, Shaanxi and Chongqing to the east, Guizhou and Yunnan to the south, and Tibet to the west. During antiquity, Sichuan was home to the kingdoms of Ba and Shu until their incorporation by the Qin. During the Three Kingdoms era (220–280), Liu Bei's state of Shu was based in Sichuan. The area was devastated in the 17th century by Zhang Xianzhong's rebellion and the area's subsequent Manchu conquest, but recovered to become one of China's most productive areas by the 19th century. During World War II, Chongqing served as the temporary capital of the Republic of China, and was heavily bombed. It was one of the last mainland areas captured ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sino-Tibetan Languages
Sino-Tibetan (also referred to as Trans-Himalayan) is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers. Around 1.4 billion people speak a Sino-Tibetan language. The vast majority of these are the 1.3 billion native speakers of Sinitic languages. Other Sino-Tibetan languages with large numbers of speakers include Burmese (33 million) and the Tibetic languages (6 million). Four United Nations member states (China, Singapore, Myanmar, and Bhutan) have a Sino-Tibetan language as a main native language. Other languages of the family are spoken in the Himalayas, the Southeast Asian Massif, and the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Most of these have small speech communities in remote mountain areas, and as such are poorly documented. Several low-level subgroups have been securely reconstructed, but reconstruction of a proto-language for the family as a whole is still at an early stage, so the higher-level structure of Sino-Tibetan re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
