NCAA Track And Field Championship (other)

	NCAA Track And Field Championship (other) NCAA Track and Field Championship may refer to: In the United States: * NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Outdoor Track and Field Championships ** NCAA Men's Division III Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship * NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division II Outdoor Track and Field Championships *NCAA Women's Division III Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division III I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Outdoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. * NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division II Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA women's competition is also held. See also * NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship * NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship The NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate outdoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I women's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter. The first edition of the championship was held in 1921 and the competition expanded to two divisions in 1963, then three divisions in 1974. Teams and their athletes must abide by NCAA rules in order to compete – the Arkansas Razorbacks were stripped of their 2004 and 2005 titles for recruitment violations, while Florida State University lost its 2007 NCAA Division I title because one of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division II Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division II Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship (known as the NCAA College Division Outdoor Track and Field Championship between 1963 and 1972) is an annual collegiate outdoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. The reigning champions are Pittsburg State, who won their first national title in 2022. The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, with nineteen titles. With the Wildcats' departure to Division I, the active program with the most championships is St. Augustine's, with 16. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 100 meter dash * 200 meter dash *400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run 1,500 meter run 3,000 meter steeplechase 5,000 meter run ** 10,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' * 110 meter hurdles 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division III Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship are the annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' individual performances earn points for their institution and individual national titles while the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title for outdoor track and field. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 100 meter dash * 200 meter dash ** 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' * 800 meter run 1,500 meter run 3,000 meter steeplechase 5,000 meter run 10,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 110 meter hurdles * 400 meter intermediate hurdles ''Relay events'' * 400 meter relay ** 1,600 meter relay Field events ''Jumping events'' * High jump Pole vault Long jump *Triple jump ''Throwing events'' Shot put Discus throw Hammer throw Javelin throw ''Multi-events'' Decathlon Discontinued events ''Sprint events'' 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Indoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate indoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. * NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA Women's competition is also held. See also * NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship The NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate indoor track and field competitions for women organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I women's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held during the spring.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_indoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012-13_mitfd1.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1965. The current team champions are the Oregon Ducks. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash (1999–present) * 200 meter dash (1988–present) *400 meter dash (1984–present) ''Distance events'' 800 meter run (1965–present) Mile run ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the Division II national champions of seventeen different events. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_indoor_champs_records/2019-20/D2Men.pdf The reigning champions are Ashland, who won their first title in 2019. The most successful programs have been Abilene Christian and St. Augustine's, each with 13 titles at the Division II level (ACU has since joined Division I). Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash 200 meter dash 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run Mile run 3,000 meter run 5,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 60 meter high hurdles ''Relay events'' 1,600 meter relay Distance me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash 200 meter dash 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run Mile run 3,000 meter run 5,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 60 meter high hurdles ''Relay events'' 1,600 meter relay Distance medley relay Field events ''Jumping events'' High jump Pole vault] Long jump Triple jump ''Throwing events'' Shot put Weight throw ''Multi-events'' Heptathlon Discontinued events ''Sprint events'' *55 meter dash (1985–2011) ''Hurdle Events'' 55 meter high hurdles(1985–2011) 1,500 meter run (1985–2004) ''Multi-events'' Pentathlon (2009–2011) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Outdoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for women organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships The NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division I institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). At ... NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division III Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA men's competition is also held. See also * AIAW Intercollegiate Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division I institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012_d1_wotf.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. The current team champions are the Florida Gators, and the most successful team, with 14 titles, are the LSU Lady Tigers. LSU would be credited with a fifteenth title in 2012 but were disqualifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Division II Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division II institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division II men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division II Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2019/D2Women.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. The current team champions are West Texas A&M, and the most successful team, with ten titles, were the Abilene Christian Wildcats. Summary * † ''Appearances vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infracti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Division III Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division III Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division III institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division III men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division III Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division III Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012_d3_wotf.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. Following the enactment of Title IX. Results Scoring * 1982–1984: the top 12 finishers scored for their team with points being awarded 15, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. * 1985–presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]

	NCAA Track And Field Championship (other) NCAA Track and Field Championship may refer to: In the United States: * NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Outdoor Track and Field Championships ** NCAA Men's Division III Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship * NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division II Outdoor Track and Field Championships *NCAA Women's Division III Outdoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Women's Division III I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Outdoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. * NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division II Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA women's competition is also held. See also * NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship * NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship The NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division I Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate outdoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I women's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter. The first edition of the championship was held in 1921 and the competition expanded to two divisions in 1963, then three divisions in 1974. Teams and their athletes must abide by NCAA rules in order to compete – the Arkansas Razorbacks were stripped of their 2004 and 2005 titles for recruitment violations, while Florida State University lost its 2007 NCAA Division I title because one of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division II Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division II Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship (known as the NCAA College Division Outdoor Track and Field Championship between 1963 and 1972) is an annual collegiate outdoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. The reigning champions are Pittsburg State, who won their first national title in 2022. The most successful program has been Abilene Christian, with nineteen titles. With the Wildcats' departure to Division I, the active program with the most championships is St. Augustine's, with 16. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 100 meter dash * 200 meter dash *400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run 1,500 meter run 3,000 meter steeplechase 5,000 meter run ** 10,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' * 110 meter hurdles 40 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division III Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division III Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship are the annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' individual performances earn points for their institution and individual national titles while the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title for outdoor track and field. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 100 meter dash * 200 meter dash ** 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' * 800 meter run 1,500 meter run 3,000 meter steeplechase 5,000 meter run 10,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 110 meter hurdles * 400 meter intermediate hurdles ''Relay events'' * 400 meter relay ** 1,600 meter relay Field events ''Jumping events'' * High jump Pole vault Long jump *Triple jump ''Throwing events'' Shot put Discus throw Hammer throw Javelin throw ''Multi-events'' Decathlon Discontinued events ''Sprint events'' 100 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Indoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Men's Indoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate indoor track and field competitions for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. * NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championships NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA Women's competition is also held. See also * NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship The NCAA Women's Indoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate indoor track and field competitions for women organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division I Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I women's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships held during the spring.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_indoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012-13_mitfd1.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1965. The current team champions are the Oregon Ducks. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash (1999–present) * 200 meter dash (1988–present) *400 meter dash (1984–present) ''Distance events'' 800 meter run (1965–present) Mile run ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division II Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association to determine the Division II national champions of seventeen different events. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_indoor_champs_records/2019-20/D2Men.pdf The reigning champions are Ashland, who won their first title in 2019. The most successful programs have been Abilene Christian and St. Augustine's, each with 13 titles at the Division II level (ACU has since joined Division I). Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash 200 meter dash 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run Mile run 3,000 meter run 5,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 60 meter high hurdles ''Relay events'' 1,600 meter relay Distance me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Men's Division III Indoor Track and Field Championship is an annual collegiate indoor track and field competition for men organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. Events Track events ''Sprint events'' 60 meter dash 200 meter dash 400 meter dash ''Distance events'' 800 meter run Mile run 3,000 meter run 5,000 meter run ''Hurdle Events'' 60 meter high hurdles ''Relay events'' 1,600 meter relay Distance medley relay Field events ''Jumping events'' High jump Pole vault] Long jump Triple jump ''Throwing events'' Shot put Weight throw ''Multi-events'' Heptathlon Discontinued events ''Sprint events'' *55 meter dash (1985–2011) ''Hurdle Events'' 55 meter high hurdles(1985–2011) 1,500 meter run (1985–2004) ''Multi-events'' Pentathlon (2009–2011) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Outdoor Track And Field Championship The NCAA Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championship refers to one of three annual collegiate outdoor track and field competitions for women organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for athletes from institutions that make up its three divisions: Division I, II, and III. In each event athlete's individual performances earn points for their institution and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships The NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division I institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). At ... NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships * NCAA Division III Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships A separate NCAA men's competition is also held. See also * AIAW Intercollegiate Wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	NCAA Women's Division I Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division I Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division I institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division I men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division I Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division I Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012_d1_wotf.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. The current team champions are the Florida Gators, and the most successful team, with 14 titles, are the LSU Lady Tigers. LSU would be credited with a fifteenth title in 2012 but were disqualifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Division II Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division II Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division II institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division II men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division II Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division II Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2019/D2Women.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. The current team champions are West Texas A&M, and the most successful team, with ten titles, were the Abilene Christian Wildcats. Summary * † ''Appearances vacated by the NCAA Committee on Infracti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	NCAA Women's Division III Outdoor Track And Field Championships The NCAA Division III Women's Outdoor Track and Field Championships are the annual collegiate track and field competitions for women athletes representing Division III institutions organised by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Athletes' performances in individual championships earn points for their institutions and the team with the most points receives the NCAA team title in track and field. A separate NCAA Division III men's competition is also held. These two events are separate from the NCAA Division III Women's Indoor Track and Field Championships and NCAA Division III Men's Indoor Track and Field Championships held during the winter.http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/track_outdoor_champs_records/2012-13/2012_d3_wotf.pdf The first edition of the championship was held in 1982. Following the enactment of Title IX. Results Scoring * 1982–1984: the top 12 finishers scored for their team with points being awarded 15, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. * 1985–presen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]