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Möng Nai
Möng Nai, also known as Mone, was a Shan people, Shan state in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States. Its capital was the town of Mong Nai, Möng Nai. History Möng Nai was founded in 1223 or 1318. Northern Thai people, Northern Thai chronicles claim that the state was founded in 1318 by Khun Khüa, a son of Mangrai, and ruled as a vassal state of Lan Na in the coming centuries. However, Shan people, Shan histories claim that it was conquered by Sam Long Hpa in 1223, and a branch of the "old Möng Mi line" were put in charge of the state as Tributary state, tributaries of Möng Mao. The native records of the state were lost in various fires. The state's ritual name was Saturambha. In later centuries, Möng Nai included the substates of Kengtawng and Kenghkam. The latter was annexed in 1882. Rulers (title Myoza) *c. 1802 – 1848: Maung Shwe Paw *1848–1850: Maung Yit *1850–1851: U Po Ka *1852: U Shwe Kyu Saophas Ritual styl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shan States
The Shan States were a collection of minor Shan people, Shan kingdoms called ''mueang, möng'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' (''sawbwa''). In British rule in Burma, British Burma, they were analogous to the princely states of British Raj, British India. The term "Shan States" was first used during the British rule in Burma as a geopolitical designation for certain areas of Burma (officially, the Federated Shan States, which included the Karenni States, consisted of today's Shan State and Kayah State). In some cases, the Lan Na, Siamese Shan States was used to refer to Lan Na (northern Thailand) and Tusi, Chinese Shan States to the Shan regions in southern Yunnan such as Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Xishuangbanna. Historical mention of the Shan states inside the present-day boundaries of Burma began during the period of the Pagan kingdom, Pagan dynasty; according to the Tai chronicles, the first major Shan State of that era was founded in 1215 at Möng Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lan Na
The Lan Na kingdom or the Kingdom of Lanna (, , "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; , , ), also known as Lannathai, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to the 18th centuries. The cultural development of the Northern Thai people had begun long before as successive kingdoms preceded Lan Na. As a continuation of the kingdom of Ngoenyang, Lan Na emerged strong enough in the 15th century to rival the Ayutthaya Kingdom, with whom wars were fought. However, the Lan Na Kingdom was weakened and became a vassal state of the Toungoo dynasty in 1558. Lan Na was ruled by successive vassal kings, though some enjoyed autonomy. The Burmese rule gradually withdrew but then resumed as the new Konbaung dynasty expanded its influence. In 1775, Lan Na chiefs left the Burmese control to join Siam, leading to the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–76). Following the retreat of the Burmese force, Burmese control over Lan Na came to the end. Siam, under King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongmit State
Momeik (), also known as Möng Mit (), is a town situated on the Shweli River in northern Shan State. It is the capital of Mongmit District and the principal town of Mongmit Township, Myanmar. Transport It is connected by road to Mogok and its ruby mines, and via Mogok to Mandalay, and to Kyaukme which is on the Mandalay-Lashio railway line. Momeik is also linked to Myitkyina, capital of Kachin State via Mabein and Bhamo. There is an airport for domestic flights to Momeik. Whereas Mogok lies at an elevation of , Momeik is just above sea level and to the north of Mogok. by road to the west of Mogok lies Twinnge Village and the town of Thabeikkyin on the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy). There is now a direct road linking Twinnge with Momeik. History Möng Mit was founded in 1238. Thirteen villages of the Mogok Stone Tract were given to Möng Mit in 1420 as a reward for helping Yunnan raid Chiang Mai. In 1465, Nang Han Lung, the daughter-in-law of the Saopha (''Sawbwa'' in Burm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hsipaw State
Hsipaw (; , Thibaw), also known as Ông Pawng (; ) after an old capital, was a Shan state in what is today Myanmar. Its capital was Hsipaw town. Hsipaw State was perhaps one of the most well known and powerful Shan States. History A predecessor state named Duṭṭhavatī () was said to be founded in 58 BC, according to local tradition. During the Sino-Burmese War (1765–69) the Qianlong Emperor of China invaded the area of Hsipaw. The main Chinese army, led by Ming Rui, was to approach Ava through Hsenwi, Lashio and Hsipaw down the Namtu river. The main invasion route was the same route followed by the Manchu forces a century earlier, chasing the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty. The second army, led by Gen. E'erdeng'e, was to try the Bhamo route again. The ultimate objective was for both armies to clamp themselves in a pincer action on the Burmese capital of Ava. The Burmese plan was to hold the second Chinese army in the north at Kaungton with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenghkam
Kenghkam or Keng Hkam (also known as Kyaingkan) was a Shan state in what is today Burma. The capital was the town of Keng Hkam, located by the Nam Pang River. History Kenghkam was initially a tributary of the Konbaung dynasty. It was founded in 1811 and was located north of the sub-state of Kengtawng. The state was occupied by Möng Nai Möng Nai, also known as Mone, was a Shan people, Shan state in what is today Burma. It belonged to the Eastern Division of the Southern Shan States. Its capital was the town of Mong Nai, Möng Nai. History Möng Nai was founded in 1223 or 1318 ... from 1870 to 1874 and again from 1878 to 1882, when it was annexed directly. Rulers The rulers of the state bore the title Myoza. *1811 – 1854 Bodaw Sao Hkam Yi *1855 – 1864 Sao Hkun Mwe *1864 – 1870 Naw Hkam Leng *1870 – 1870 incorporated into Möngnai *1874 – 1878 Sao Hkun Long *1878 – 1882 inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kengtawng
Keng Tawng ( Shan: ; ; also spelled Kyaingtaung) is a river town in Mong Nai Township in the Shan State of Myanmar. The area of the town is watered by the Nam Teng River. History Prior to the end of World War II, Kengtawng state was one of the substates of Mongnai State, in the Southern Shan States. Keng Tawng was the town of Khun Sam Law, the hero of an ancient legend of the Shan people. It was also the birthplace of notorious usurper A usurper is an illegitimate or controversial claimant to power, often but not always in a monarchy. In other words, one who takes the power of a country, city, or established region for oneself, without any formal or legal right to claim it a ... and warmonger Twet Nga Lu. There is a hydroelectric project in the area of the town. Places like the iconic Kengtawng Falls are threatened by the project. In the popular Shan folktale '' Khun San Law and Nan Oo Pyin'', Keng Tawng is the hometown of the male character, Khun San Law. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Möng Mao
Möng Mao Lông, commonly known as Möng Mao; Also rendered into English as the Möng Mao kingdom, Maw Shan kingdom, or Mäng Maaw. or Luchuan ( 麓川) in Chinese sources, was a Tai dynastic regime which held sway over the frontier regions of modern-day Myanmar, China and India from the 14th–15th centuries. It grew out of a small principality, centered on the Nam Mao (Ruili) river basin, which had previously been a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty. Names Möng Mao Lông (; ) is a Tai Nuea and Shan language name, which means "Great Muang Mao". The " Möng" means country or place. The "Mao" (ᥛᥣᥝᥰ) was evolved from "dizzy" (ᥛᥝᥰ), it is because the mother of legendary king Chao U Ting felt dizzy when she was brought to the sky by a bird. The name "Möng Mao" is still used nowadays, as the official Tai Nuea name of Ruili City (ᥝᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ). Alternatively, "Mao" derives from the Shan name of the Nam Mao ( Ruili River). Mong Mao also adop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tributary State
A tributary state is a pre-modern state in a particular type of subordinate relationship to a more powerful state which involved the sending of a regular token of submission, or tribute, to the superior power (the suzerain). This token often took the form of a substantial transfer of wealth, such as the delivery of gold, produce, or slaves, so that tribute might best be seen as the payment of protection money. It might also be more symbolic: sometimes it amounted to no more than the delivery of a mark of submission such as the bunga mas (golden flower) that rulers in the Malay Peninsula used to send to the kings of Siam, or the Tribute of the Maltese Falcon that the Grand Master of the Order of St. John used to send annually to the Viceroy of Sicily in order to rule Malta. It might also involve attendance by the subordinate ruler at the court of the hegemon in order to make a public show of submission. The modern-day heirs of tribute hegemons tend to claim that the tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vassal State
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. Vassal states were common among the empires of the Near East, dating back to the era of the Egyptian, Hittite, and Mitanni conflict, as well as in ancient China. The relationships between vassal rulers and empires were dependent on the policies and agreements of each empire. While the payment of tribute and military service was common amongst vassal states, the degree of independence and benefits given to vassal states varied. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state, or satellite state. Historical examples Ancient Egypt The reign of Thutmose III (1479 BC – 1425 BC) laid the foundations for the systems that functioned during the Amarna period of Egypt. Vassal states in the Levant became fully integrated in Egypt's economy with the construction of harbours ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saopha
Saopha (), also spelled Sawbwa, was the title used by hereditary rulers of Shan states in Upper Myanmar. Chaopha and Chao Fa were similar titles used by the hereditary Tai rulers in mainland Southeast Asia and the Ahom kingdom in India. Names and etymology ''Saopha'' () means "lord of the heavens" in the Shan language. It was rendered into Burmese as ''sawbwa'' (). Variants in other Tai languages include ''tsāo phâa'' (𑜋𑜰𑜫;𑜇𑜡.) in Ahom, ''chau-fa'' () in Tai Nuea, and ''chao fa'' () in Thai. Usage Myanmar (Burma) In the pre-colonial era, the term 'sawbwa' was utilised by the Burmese monarchy in reference to the hereditary rulers of Shan-speaking polities called möng ( , ), in the region. In order of precedence, the sawbwas outranked local rulers of lower ranks, namely the '' myoza'' and ''ngwegunhmu''. During British colonial rule, colonial authorities adopted the Burmese system, recognising between 14 and 16 sawbwas who enjoyed a degree of auto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mangrai
Mangrai (; ; c. 1238–1311) was the 25th king of Ngoenyang (r. 1261–1292) and the first king of Lanna (r. 1292–1311). He established a new city, Chiang Mai, as the capital of the Lanna Kingdom (1296–1558).Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003 Early years King Mangrai the Great was born on 23 October 1238, in Ngoen Yang (present day Chiang Saen), Thailand, on the Mekong River, a son of the local ruler Lao Meng and his wife Ua Ming Chom Mueang, a princess from the Tai Lue city of Chiang Rung, which is now called Jinghong, in Sipsongpanna ( Xishuangbanna), China. In 1259, Mangrai succeeded his father to become the first independent king of the unified Tai city states in northern Lanna and what is now northern Laos. Seeing the Tai states disunited and in danger, Mangrai quickly expanded his kingdom by conquering Muang Lai, Chiang Kham and Chiang Khong and initiating alliances with other states. In 1262, he founded the city of Chiang Rai as hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northern Thai People
The Northern Thai people or Tai Yuan (, ), self-designation ''khon mueang, mu(e)ang'' ( meaning "people of the (cultivated) land" or "people of our community"), are a Tai peoples, Tai ethnic group, native to nine provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na. As a Tai peoples, Tai group, they are closely related to Lu people, Tai Lü and Khün language, Tai Khün with regards to common culture, language and history in contrast to Thailand's dominant Thai people, Thai ethnic group (referred to as ''Siamese'' or ''Central Thai''). There are approximately 6 million Tai Yuan. Most of them live in Northern Thailand, with a small minority 29,442 (2005 census) living across the border in Bokeo Province of Laos. Their language is called Northern Thai language, Northern Thai, Lanna or ''Kham Mueang''. Exonym and endonym Endonyms The Northern Thai people refer to themselves as ''khon muang'', meaning "people of the (cultivated) land," "peopl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
