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Movement Of National Antifascist Unity
The Movement of National Antifascist Unity () was a political platform of democratic organizations which fought against the Portuguese Estado Novo (Portugal), authoritarian regime (led by António de Oliveira Salazar). The Movement of National Antifascist Unity was founded in December 1943, shortly after the 3rd Congress of the Portuguese Communist Party, that strongly influenced its creation. Inside the MUNAF, several tendencies of the democratic resistance were joined together, along with the communists, it also congregated socialists, republicans, Catholics, liberals and monarchists. Several prominent figures of the resistance made part of its leadership, such as Bento de Jesus Caraça, Mário Soares and Norton de Matos. The MUNAF ended when, in 1945, with a whole new international panorama created by the defeat of the major fascist regimes in World War II, Salazar was forced to fake some democratic changes in order to keep its image at the eyes of the western allies. Thus, in O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estado Novo (Portugal)
The ''Estado Novo'' (, ) was the Corporate statism, corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933. It evolved from the ''Ditadura Nacional'' ("National Dictatorship") formed after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état, ''coup d'état'' of 28 May 1926 against the unstable First Portuguese Republic, First Republic. Together, the ''Ditadura Nacional'' and the ''Estado Novo'' are recognised by historians as the Second Portuguese Republic (). The ''Estado Novo'', greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was Prime Minister of Portugal, President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until illness forced him out of office in 1968. Opposed to communism, socialism, syndicalism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist in nature, defending Religion in Portugal, Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its policy envisaged the perpetuation of Portugal as a pluricontinenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António De Oliveira Salazar
António de Oliveira Salazar (28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman, academic, and economist who served as Portugal's President of the Council of Ministers of Portugal, President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 to 1968. Having come to power under the ("National Dictatorship"), he reframed the regime as the corporatism, corporatist ("New State"), with himself as a dictator. The regime he created lasted until 1974, making it one of the longest-lived authoritarian regimes in modern Europe. A political economy professor at the University of Coimbra, Salazar entered public life as finance minister with the support of President Óscar Carmona after the 28 May 1926 coup d'état. The military of 1926 saw themselves as the guardians of the nation in the wake of the instability and perceived failure of the First Portuguese Republic, First Republic, but they had no idea how to address the critical challenges of the hour. Armed with broad powers to restructure ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Communist Party
The Portuguese Communist Party (, , PCP) is a Communism, communist and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist List of political parties in Portugal, political party in Portugal. It is one of the strongest List of communist parties, communist parties in Western Europe and the oldest Portugal, Portuguese political party with uninterrupted existence. It is characterized as being between the Left-wing politics, left-wing and Far-left politics, far-left on the political spectrum. Since 1987, it runs to any national, local and European elections in coalition with the Ecologist Party "The Greens" (PEV), assembled in the Unitary Democratic Coalition (CDU). After the death of its secretary-general, Bento António Gonçalves, Bento Gonçalves, in the Tarrafal concentration camp, the Party went through a period, from 1942 to 1961, without a secretary-general. In 1961, the historic leader Álvaro Cunhal was elected. In 1992, he was succeeded by Carlos Carvalhas, and in 2004 Jerónimo de Sous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bento De Jesus Caraça
Bento de Jesus Caraça, GCSE, GOL (18 April 1901 – 25 June 1948) was an influential Portuguese mathematician, economist and statistician. Caraça was also a member of the Portuguese Communist Party, and participated in the formation of the Portuguese Movement of National Antifascist Unity and Movement of Democratic Unity in the 1940s. For his role in the resistance against the '' Estado Novo'' regime led by António Oliveira Salazar, Caraça was arrested and lost his professorship at the . Biography Caraça was born in Vila Viçosa, Évora District, in the south of Portugal. He was the son of two peasants, João António Caraça and Domingas da Conceição Espadinha. He lived his first years on the family's farm and he managed to learn how to read with another peasant, José Percheiro. Caraça showed a great capacity for learning from a young age, which led the Albuquerque family, who owned the farm where his family lived, to support his education. After finishing primary s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portugal, Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the List of Presidents of Portugal, 17th president of Portugal from 1986 to 1996. He was the first secretary-general of the Socialist Party (Portugal), Socialist Party, from its foundation in 1973 to 1986. A major political figure in Portugal, he is considered the father of Portuguese democracy. Family Soares was the son of João Lopes Soares (Leiria, Arrabal, 17 November 1879 – Lisbon, Campo Grande, 31 July 1970), founder of the Colégio Moderno in Lisbon, Minister (government), government minister and then anti-fascist republican activist who had been a Priest#Roman Catholic and Orthodox, priest before impregnating and marrying Elisa Nobre Baptista (Santarém, Portugal, Santarém, Pernes, 8 September 1887 – Lisbon, Campo Grande, 28 February 1955), Mário Soare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norton De Matos
Norton may refer to: Places Norton, meaning 'north settlement' in Old English, is a common place name. Places named Norton include: Canada * Rural Municipality of Norton No. 69, Saskatchewan * Norton Parish, New Brunswick ** Norton, New Brunswick, a village United Kingdom England * Norton, Runcorn, Cheshire, a district * Norton, South Hams, a location in Devon * Norton, Torridge, a location in Devon * Norton, County Durham, an area of Stockton-on-Tees * Norton, East Sussex, a location * Norton, Gloucestershire, a civil parish * Norton, Hampshire, a hamlet near Sutton Scotney * Norton, Herefordshire, a civil parish near Bromyard * Norton, Hertfordshire, a village * Norton, Isle of Wight, a location * Norton, Buckland and Stone, Kent, a civil parish * Norton, Northamptonshire, a village * Norton, Nottinghamshire, a village * Norton, Culmington, a location in Shropshire * Norton, Stockton, Shropshire, a location in Shropshire * Norton, Wroxeter and Uppington, a location in Shropshire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement Of Democratic Unity
The Movement of Democratic Unity () was a quasi-legal platform of Portuguese democratic organizations that opposed the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and was founded in October 1945. The defeat of the Fascist regimes in World War II put the clerico-fascist Estado Novo regime in a troublesome position. In hopes of improving the image of the regime in Western circles, the government authorized some limited democratic openings, such as the creation of the MUD, in October 1945. The opposition groups were already organized in the Movement of National Antifascist Unity (MUNAF), which was quickly replaced by the MUD. The MUD quickly developed a strong structure, based on local committees at district, parish and neighborhood level. Initially, MUD was dominated by the moderate elements of the opposition, but soon the Portuguese Communist Party The Portuguese Communist Party (, , PCP) is a Communism, communist and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist List of pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1943 Establishments In Portugal
Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 1 – WWII: The Soviet Union announces that 22 German divisions have been encircled at Stalingrad, with 175,000 killed and 137,650 captured. * January 4 – WWII: Greek-Polish athlete and saboteur Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz is executed by the Germans at Kaisariani. * January 10 – WWII: Guadalcanal campaign, Guadalcanal Campaign: American forces of the 2nd Marine Division and the 25th Infantry Division (United States), 25th Infantry Division begin their assaults on the Battle of Mount Austen, the Galloping Horse, and the Sea Horse#Galloping Horse, Galloping Horse and Sea Horse on Guadalcanal. Meanwhile, the Japanese Seventeenth Army (Japan), 17th Army makes plans to abandon the island and after fierce resistance withdraws to the west coast of Guadalcanal. * January 11 ** The United States and United Kingdom revise previously unequal treaty relationships with the Republic of China (1912–194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1945 Disestablishments In Portugal
1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year Nazi concentration camps, concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, have been used in combat. Events World War II will be abbreviated as “WWII” January * January 1 – WWII: ** Nazi Germany, Germany begins Operation Bodenplatte, an attempt by the ''Luftwaffe'' to cripple Allies of World War II, Allied air forces in the Low Countries. ** Chenogne massacre: German prisoners are allegedly killed by American forces near the village of Chenogne, Belgium. * January 6 – WWII: A German offensive recaptures Esztergom, Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946), Hungary from the Soviets. * January 9 – WWII: American and Australian troops land at Lingayen Gulf on western coast of the largest Philippine island of Luzon, occupied by Japan since 1942. * January 12 – WWII: The Soviet Union begins the Vis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
