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Mordvinic Alphabets
Mordvinic alphabets is a writing system used to write Mordvinic languages, Mordovian (Moksha language, Moksha and Erzya language, Erzyan) languages. From its inception in the 18th century to the present, it has been based on the Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabet. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the alphabet did not have a stable norm and was often changed. The modern alphabet has been in operation since the late 1920s. History Late 17th - mid 19th century The oldest monument to the recording of the Mordovian languages material is the work of the Dutch scientist Nicolaes Witsen’s book “Noord en Oost Tartarye” (''Northern and Eastern Tataria''), published in Amsterdam in 1692. In this book, the author cites a dictionary of 325 Mordovian (mostly Mokshan) words translated into Dutch. Later, in the 18th century, Moksha and Erzya word lists and small texts were repeatedly recorded and published by Russian and foreign scientists (Philip Johan von Strahlenberg, Philip Str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mordvinic Languages
The Mordvinic languages, also known as the Mordvin, Mordovian or Mordvinian languages (, ''mordovskiye yazyki''), are a subgroup of the Uralic languages, comprising the closely related Erzya language and Moksha language, both spoken in Mordovia. Previously considered a single "Mordvin language", it is now treated as a small language grouping. Due to differences in phonology, lexicon, and grammar, Erzya and Moksha are not mutually intelligible. The two Mordvinic languages also have separate literary forms. The Erzya literary language was created in 1922 and the Mokshan in 1923. Phonological differences between the two languages include: * Moksha retains a distinction between the vowels while in Erzya, they have merged as . * In unstressed syllables, Erzya features vowel harmony like many other Uralic languages, using in front-vocalic words and in back-vocalic words. Moksha has a simple schwa in their place. * Word-initially, Erzya has a postalveolar affricate corresponding ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət, t=Lower Newtown; colloquially shortened to Nizhny) is a city and the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia. The city is located at the confluence of the Oka (river), Oka and the Volga rivers in Central Russia, with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.7 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Nizhny Novgorod is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, sixth-largest city in Russia, the Volga#Biggest cities on the shores of the Volga, second-most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. The city is located 420 kilometers (260 mi) east of Moscow. It is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural centre in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and the main centre of river tourism in Russia. In the his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrillic Alphabets
Numerous Cyrillic alphabets are based on the Cyrillic script. The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the 9th century AD and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the theologians Saints Cyril and Methodius, Cyril and Methodius. It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around 252 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages. About half of them are in Russia. Cyrillic is one of the most-used writing systems in the world. The creator is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire. Some of these are illustrated below; for others, and for more detail, see the links. Sounds are transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA. While these languages largely have Phonemic orthography, phonemic orthographies, there are occasional exceptions—for example, Russian is prono ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latinisation In The Soviet Union
Latinisation or latinization ( ) was a campaign in the Soviet Union to adopt the Latin script during the 1920s and 1930s. Latinisation aimed to replace Cyrillic and traditional writing systems for all languages of the Soviet Union with Latin or Latin-based systems, or introduce them for languages that did not have a writing system. Latinisation began to slow in the Soviet Union during the 1930s and a Cyrillisation campaign was launched instead. Latinization had effectively ended by the 1940s. Most of these Latin alphabets are defunct and several (especially for languages in the Caucasus) contain multiple letters that do not have Unicode support as of 2023. History Background Since at least 1700, some intellectuals in the Russian Empire had sought to Latinise the Russian language, written in Cyrillic script, in their desire for closer relations with the West. The early 20th century, the Bolsheviks had four goals: to break with Tsarism, to spread socialism to the whol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ы̆
Yery with breve (Ы̆ ы̆; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. Yery with breve is used in the old Mari language and the Moksha dialect of Mordvin. See also *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version , Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characters * Cyrillic SupplementU+0500–U+052F 48 characters * Cyrillic Extended-AU+2DE0–U+2DFF 32 characters * Cyrillic Extended-BU+A64 ... References Letters with breve Cyrillic letters with diacritics {{Cyrillic-alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O With Breve (Cyrillic)
O with breve (О̆ о̆; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In all its forms, it is a homoglyph of the Latin letter O with breve (Ŏ ŏ ). O with breve is used in Itelmen, where it represents the extra-short close-mid back rounded vowel (although the newspaper ''Aboriginal of Kamchatka'' uses О with ring above instead). It is also used in an alphabet of Khanty instead of О with diaeresis, where it represents the close-mid front rounded vowel � See also *Ŏ ŏ : Latin letter Ŏ - a Silesian letter *Cyrillic characters in Unicode As of Unicode version , Cyrillic script is encoded across several blocks: * CyrillicU+0400–U+04FF 256 characters * Cyrillic SupplementU+0500–U+052F 48 characters * Cyrillic Extended-AU+2DE0–U+2DFF 32 characters * Cyrillic Extended-BU+A64 ... Notes References Cyrillic letters with diacritics Letters with breve {{Cyrillic-alphabet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temnikov
Temnikov (; , ''Temnikav''; , ''Čopolt oš'') is a town and the administrative center of Temnikovsky District in the Republic of Mordovia, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 7,243. History The oldest town in the Republic of Mordovia,Official website of TemnikovHistorical Reference it was established in 1536.''Republic of Mordovia. Administrative-Territorial Divisions'', p. 6 Town status was granted to it in 1779. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Temnikov serves as the administrative center of Temnikovsky District.Law #7-Z As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Temnikovsky District as the town of district significance of Temnikov. As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Temnikov is incorporated within Temnikovsky Municipal District as Temnikovskoye Urban Settlement.Law #124-Z Notable people * Dmitri Proshin (born 1974), footballer *The WWII ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnoslobodsk, Republic Of Mordovia
Krasnoslobodsk (; , ''Oš''; Erzya language, Erzya: Якстерекуро ош, ''Jaksterekuro oš'') is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Krasnoslobodsky District of the Republic of Mordovia, Russia, located on the left bank of the Moksha River (a tributary of the Oka River, Oka), west of Saransk, the capital city, capital of the republic. As of the Russian Census (2010), 2010 Census, its population was 10,151. History It has been known since 1571; town status was granted to it in 1780. Administrative and municipal status Within the subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions, framework of administrative divisions, Krasnoslobodsk serves as the administrative center of Krasnoslobodsky District.Law #7-Z As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Krasnoslobodsky District as the town of district significance of Krasnoslobodsk. As a subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions, municipal division, the town of dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
я̈
Ya, Ia or Ja (Я я; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus (). Among modern Slavic languages, it is used in the East Slavic languages and Bulgarian. It is also used in the Cyrillic alphabets used by Mongolian and many Uralic, Caucasian and Turkic languages of the former Soviet Union. Pronunciation The iotated vowel is pronounced in initial or post-vocalic positions, like the English pronunciation of in "yard". When follows a soft consonant, no sound occurs between the consonant and the vowel. The exact pronunciation of the vowel sound of depends also on the following sound by allophony in the Slavic languages. In Russian, before a soft consonant, it is , like in the English "cat". If a hard consonant follows or none, the result is an open vowel, usually []. This difference does not exist in the other Cyrillic languages. In non-stressed positions, the vowel reduction depends on the language and the dia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Alphabet
The Russian alphabet (, or , more traditionally) is the script used to write the Russian language. The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters: twenty consonants (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ), ten vowels (, , , , , , , , , ), a semivowel / consonant (), and two modifier letters or "signs" (, ) that alter pronunciation of a preceding consonant or a following vowel. History Russian alphabet is derived from the Cyrillic script, which was invented in the 9th century to capture accurately the phonology of the first Slavic literary language, Old Church Slavonic. The early Cyrillic alphabet was adapted to Old East Slavic from Old Church Slavonic and was used in Kievan Rus' from the 10th century onward to write what would become the modern Russian language. The last major reform of Russian orthography took place in 1917–1918. Letters : An alternative form of the letter De () closely resembles the Greek letter delta (). : An alternative form of the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
