|
Mongolians In Japan
There is a small community of Mongolians in Japan, representing a minor portion of emigration from Mongolia. As of December 2024, there were 21,240 registered Mongolian citizens residing in Japan, according to the Immigration Services Agency, up from 2,545 in 2003. Students International students form a large proportion of the registered population of Mongolians in Japan. The earliest Mongol exchange students, all three of them women, came to Japan in 1906, when Mongolia was still ruled by the Qing Dynasty. Japan was also a popular destination for students from Mengjiang (in today's Inner Mongolia) in the late 1930s and early 1940s; among them were several who would go on to become famous scholars, such as Chinggeltei. Japan and the Mongolian People's Republic officially agreed to send exchange students to each other in 1974; the first Mongolian student to arrive under the agreement came in 1976. , 1,006 Mongolian students were studying in Japanese institutions of higher educati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language
is the principal language of the Japonic languages, Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people. It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan, the only country where it is the national language, and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language. There have been many Classification of the Japonic languages, attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as Ainu languages, Ainu, Austronesian languages, Austronesian, Koreanic languages, Koreanic, and the now discredited Altaic languages, Altaic, but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalmyks
Kalmyks (), archaically anglicised as Calmucks (), are the only Mongolic ethnic group living in Europe, residing in the easternmost part of the European Plain. This dry steppe area, west of the lower Volga River, known among the nomads as Itil/Idjil, a basin on the northwest shore of the Caspian Sea, was the most suitable land for nomadic pastures. Itil or Idjil, the ancient name of the Volga River, written in the archaic Oirat script, means exactly that: the "pastures". The ancestors of Kalmyks were nomadic groups of Oirat-speaking Mongols, who migrated from Western Mongolia to Eastern Europe three times: in early medieval times, establishing in the 6th–8th centuries the Avar Khanate; in medieval times, establishing the Ulus of Juchi and Il-Kanate as Khuda-in-laws of Genghis Khan; and finally, in early modern times, establishing the Kalmyk Khanate in the 17th century. The Oirat language belongs to the western branch of the Mongolic language family, whose speakers inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Invasions Of Japan
Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to Vassal state, vassaldom. Ultimately a failure, the invasion attempts are of macro-historical importance because they set a limit on Mongol expansion and rank as nation-defining events in the history of Japan. The invasions are referred to in many works of fiction and are the earliest events for which the word ''Kamikaze (typhoon), kamikaze'' (神風 "divine wind") is widely used, originating in reference to the two typhoons faced by the Yuan fleets. The invasions were one of the earliest cases of History of gunpowder#Use by the Mongols, gunpowder warfare outside of China. One of the most notable technological innovations during the war was the use of explosive, hand-thrown bombs. Background After a series of Mongol invasions of Korea between 1231 and 1281, Goryeo signed a treaty in favor of the Mongol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan–Mongolia Relations
Japan–Mongolia relations originally began in the 13th century between the Kamakura shogunate and the Mongol Empire, when the latter tried to conquer the former but failed. Formal diplomatic interactions were not established until the late 20th century. History Mongol invasions By 1259, Korean resistance to the Mongol invasion had collapsed. With Korea under Mongol control, the attempts by the Mongol Empire to invade the Japanese Archipelago began after the Goryeo, Goryeo Dynasty (now Korea) formed an alliance with Kublai Khan of the Mongols. Kublai sent several emissaries, in 1268, demanding that the "king" of Japan submit to the Empire, under its mandate from Tngri, Eternal Heaven. These emissaries were either ignored or rebuffed by Japan, and as a consequence in October 1274 Kublai sent an invasion fleet across Tsushima Strait to Tsushima Island, comprising over 900 ships and 20,000 soldiers. This, the first invasion, overran Tsushima and Iki Island, Iki. From there they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Language Education In Mongolia
Japanese language education in Mongolia formally dates back to 1975, when the National University of Mongolia established an elective course in Japanese language. A 2003 survey found 199 teachers teaching 9,080 students of Japanese at 67 different institutions. As of 2021, according to the Japan Foundation, 13,334 people were learning Japanese in Mongolia. Opportunities and motivations for study The study of Japanese in Mongolia, in common with the study of English and German language, began to expand early in the 1990s in the so-called "language boom" which occurred as the country began to liberalise. In the 1970s and 1980s, only 3-5 students enrolled each year in the single Japanese course offered by the National University of Mongolia; Mongolians who went to Japan as international scholarship students typically had little language preparation beforehand, and took courses at the Osaka University of Foreign Studies to catch up before beginning their subject-area studies. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harumafuji Kōhei
, previously known as , is a Mongolian former professional sumo wrestler. He was the sport's 70th ''yokozuna'' from 2012 to 2017, making him the third Mongolian and fifth overall non-Japanese wrestler to attain sumo's highest rank. Harumafuji began his professional career in 2001 and reached the top ''makuuchi'' division in 2004. He won ten sanshō (sumo), special prizes for his achievements in tournaments. In November 2008 he became the seventh foreign-born wrestler in sumo history to reach the second-highest rank of ''Makuuchi#Ōzeki, ōzeki''. In May 2009, he won his first tournament championship. He went on to win a total of nine top division championships, three of them with a perfect record. At , Harumafuji was the lightest man in the top division as of September 2015. He is noted for his technical skill and his rivalry with fellow Mongolian ''yokozuna'' Hakuhō Shō, Hakuhō. Harumafuji admitted to assaulting fellow Mongolian wrestler Takanoiwa Yoshimori, Takanoiwa durin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyokutenzan Takeshi
Kyokutenzan Takeshi (born August 4, 1973 as Batmönkhiin Enkhbat, ) is a former professional sumo wrestler from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, one of the first Mongolians to join the sport in Japan. He did not manage to reach the top two divisions, but was regarded as a kind of mentor and father figure by younger Mongolian wrestlers who followed him, such as Hakuhō and Harumafuji. In 2005, he obtained Japanese citizenship, but he left sumo upon his retirement in November 2007, moving to Germany with his family to run a business. Career Kyokutenzan joined sumo in March 1992 at the same time as his more famous Mongolian colleagues Kyokushūzan and Kyokutenhō, part of the first group of Mongolians ever to join the sport professionally, but unlike them he never reached ''sekitori'' status. This was due partly to an inability to put on weight, and partly to injuries. Nevertheless, he served as a '' tsukebito'', or personal attendant, to Kyokutenhō, and was an importance influence on othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyokutenhō Masaru
in Nalaikh, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolian People’s Republic is a former professional sumo wrestler. He fought out of Ōshima stable, with the first group of Mongolians ever to join the sport in Japan. He made his debut in March 1992, and reached the top ''makuuchi'' division in January 1998. He received seven sansho (sumo), special prizes for Fighting Spirit, and won one ''yūshō'' (or tournament), in May 2012 from the ''maegashira'' ranks, which made him at 37 the oldest first–time ''yūshō'' winner and the oldest ''yūshō'' winner in sumo history overall, until his record was beaten by fellow Mongolian Tamawashi in September 2022. His highest rank was ''sekiwake'', which he held on three occasions. In his exceptionally long career, he made more appearances in the top division than any other wrestler at 1470, and only Oshio Kenji, Ōshio fought more than his 1870 career bouts. He was the first wrestler since the 1950s to be ranked in the top division after the age of 40. He an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakuhō Shō
) is a Mongols, Mongolian-born Japanese former professional sumo wrestler (''rikishi'') from Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Making his debut in March 2001, he reached the top ''makuuchi'' division in May 2004. In May 2007 at age 22, he became the second native of Mongolia, the fourth non-Japanese, and 69th overall ''rikishi'' to be promoted to the highest rank in sumo, ''yokozuna''. With a record 45 total championships (''yūshō'') at the top ''makuuchi'' division, he is widely considered to be the greatest sumo wrestler of all time. In 2009, he broke the record for the most wins in a calendar year, winning 86 out of 90 bouts, and repeated this feat with the same record again in 2010 when he established the List of sumo record holders#Most consecutive wins, second longest winning streak in sumo history. He also holds the record for the most List of sumo record holders#Most top division championships, undefeated tournament championships at sixteen, which is eight more than any other sum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asashōryū Akinori
is a Mongolian former professional sumo wrestler (''rikishi''). He was the 68th ''yokozuna'' in the history of the sport in Japan, and in January 2003 he became the first Mongolian to reach sumo's highest rank. He was one of the most successful ''yokozuna'' ever. In 2005, he became the first wrestler to win all six official tournaments (''honbasho'') in a single year. Over his entire career, he won 25 top division tournament championships, placing him fourth on the all-time list. From 2004 until 2007, Asashōryū was sumo's sole ''yokozuna'' between the retirement of Musashimaru Kōyō, Musashimaru and the promotion of fellow Mongolian Hakuhō Shō, Hakuhō, and was criticized at times by the media and the Japan Sumo Association for not upholding the standards of behaviour expected of a holder of such a prestigious rank. He became the first ''yokozuna'' in history to be suspended from competition in August 2007 when he participated in a charity Association football, football m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolian Wrestling
Mongolian wrestling, known as Bökh ( Mongolian script: ; Mongolian Cyrillic: Бөх or Үндэсний бөх), is the folk wrestling style of Mongols in Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and other regions where touching the ground with anything other than foot or palm of hand loses the match. ''Bökh'' means "firmness, reliability, vitality, wrestler", from Mongolic root *''bekü'' "firm, hard, solid; fighter, strong man" Wrestling is the most important of the Mongolian culture's historic "Three Manly Skills", that also include horsemanship and archery. Genghis Khan considered wrestling to be an important way to keep his army in good physical shape and combat ready. The court of the Qing dynasty (1646–1911) held regular wrestling events, mainly between ethnic Manchu and Mongol wrestlers. There are several different versions, Mongolian, Buryatian (in the Buryatia of Russia), Oirat and Inner Mongolian. * Khalkha bökh, Mongolian wrestling, Khalkha wrestling - traditional Khalkha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rikishi
A , or, more colloquially, , is a sumo wrestler. Although used to define all wrestlers participating in sumo wrestling matches, the term is more commonly used to refer to professional wrestlers, employed by the Japan Sumo Association, who participate in professional sumo tournaments (called ) in Japan, the only country where sumo is practiced professionally. Professional follow traditions dating back to the Edo period, and therefore follow a number of codes and customs in their daily lives that distinguish them from other martial artists. Their life as professionals revolves around the observance of traditional rules that apply both to their life in the community and to the way they dress, the latter rules evolving according to the rank a wrestler has reached during his career. Coming from many different nationalities, are the only employees of the Japan Sumo Association who can run the organization once they have chosen to retire. However, only a tiny fraction of wrestl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
