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Mombum Languages
The Mombum languages, also known as the Komolom or Muli Strait languages, are a pair of Trans–New Guinea languages, Mombum language, Mombum (Komolom) and Koneraw language, Koneraw, spoken on Komolom Island just off Yos Sudarso Island, and on the southern coast of Yos Sudarso Island, respectively, on the southern coast of New Guinea. Komolom Island is at the southern end of the Muli Strait. History of classification Mombum was first classified as a branch isolate of the Central and South New Guinea languages in Stephen Wurm's 1975 expansion for Trans–New Guinea, a position tentatively maintained by Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross, though he cannot tell if the similarities are shared innovations or retentions from protolanguage, proto-TNG. Usher instead links them to the Asmat languages. Koneraw is clearly related to Mombum, but was overlooked by early classifications. Along with the Kolopom languages, they are the languages spoken on Yos Sudarso Island (Kolopom Island). N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Komolom Island
Komoran or Komolom is an island just south of the much larger Yos Sudarso near the south coast of New Guinea in South Papua South Papua, officially the South Papua Province ( id, Provinsi Papua Selatan), is an Indonesian province located in the southern portion of Papua, following the borders of Papuan customary region of Anim Ha. Formally established on 11 November 2 ... province, Indonesia. Its area is 695 km². Islands of Western New Guinea Landforms of South Papua {{SPapua-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Wurm
Stephen Adolphe Wurm ( hu, Wurm István Adolf, ; 19 August 1922 – 24 October 2001) was a Hungarian-born Australian linguist. Early life Wurm was born in Budapest, the second child to the German-speaking Adolphe Wurm and the Hungarian-speaking Anna Novroczky. He was christened Istvan Adolphe Wurm. His father died before Stephen was born. Both of his parents were multilingual, and Wurm showed an interest in languages from an early age. Attending school in Vienna and travelling to all parts of Europe during his childhood, Wurm spoke roughly nine languages by the time he reached adulthood, a gift he inherited from his father, who spoke 17. Wurm went on to master at least 50 languages. Career Wurm grew up stateless, unable to take the nationality of either of his parent or of his country of residence, Austria. That enabled him to avoid military service and attend university. He studied Turkic languages at the Oriental Institute in Vienna, receiving his doctorate in lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Indonesia
More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia. These figures indicate that Indonesia has about 10% of the world's languages, establishing its reputation as the second most linguistically diverse nation in the world after Papua New Guinea. Most languages belong to the Austronesian language family, while there are over 270 Papuan languages spoken in eastern Indonesia. The language most widely spoken as a native language is Javanese. Languages in Indonesia are classified into nine categories: national language, locally used indigenous languages, regional lingua francas, foreign and additional languages, heritage languages, languages in the religious domain, English as a lingua franca, and sign languages. National language The official language of Indonesia is Indonesian (locally known as ''bahasa Indonesia''), a standardised form of Malay, which serves as the lingua franca of the archipelago. The vocabulary of Indonesian borrows heavily from regional language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mombum Languages
The Mombum languages, also known as the Komolom or Muli Strait languages, are a pair of Trans–New Guinea languages, Mombum language, Mombum (Komolom) and Koneraw language, Koneraw, spoken on Komolom Island just off Yos Sudarso Island, and on the southern coast of Yos Sudarso Island, respectively, on the southern coast of New Guinea. Komolom Island is at the southern end of the Muli Strait. History of classification Mombum was first classified as a branch isolate of the Central and South New Guinea languages in Stephen Wurm's 1975 expansion for Trans–New Guinea, a position tentatively maintained by Malcolm Ross (linguist), Malcolm Ross, though he cannot tell if the similarities are shared innovations or retentions from protolanguage, proto-TNG. Usher instead links them to the Asmat languages. Koneraw is clearly related to Mombum, but was overlooked by early classifications. Along with the Kolopom languages, they are the languages spoken on Yos Sudarso Island (Kolopom Island). N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolopom Languages
The Kolopom languages are a family of Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm Stephen Adolphe Wurm ( hu, Wurm István Adolf, ; 19 August 1922 – 24 October 2001) was a Hungarian-born Australian linguist. Early life Wurm was born in Budapest, the second child to the German-speaking Adolphe Wurm and the Hungarian- ... (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005). Along with the Mombum languages, they are the languages spoken on Yos Sudarso Island ( Kolopom Island). Languages The Kolopom languages are, * Kimaama (Kimaghama), Riantana * Ndom * Moraori Proto-language Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : : Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Basic vocabulary Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: : Cognates Cognates among Kolopom languages listed by Evans (2018): : Vocabulary comparison The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970) and Voorhoeve (1975 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asmat Languages
Asmat is a Papuan language cluster of West New Guinea. Languages The principal varieties, distinct enough to be considered separate languages, are: * Kamrau Bay (Sabakor): *Casuarina Coast (Kaweinag), the most divergent *North and Central Asmat ** Citak (Kaünak) ** North Asmat ** Central Asmat (dialects: Keenok, Sokoni, Keenakap, Kawenak) Ethnically, speakers are either Asmat or Citak. Evolution Below are some reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea proposed by Pawley (2012): Verbs In Flamingo Bay Asmat, light verbs are combined with adjuncts to form predicative expressions. *''e''- ‘do’ **''atow e''- /play do/ ‘play’ **''caj e''- /copulate do/ ‘copulate’ **''yan e''- /ear do/ ‘listen’ *''yi''- ‘say’ **''po yi''- /paddle say/ ‘paddle’ **''yan yi''- /ear say/ ‘hear’ **''mesa yi''- /saliva say/ ‘spit’ *''af''- ‘hit’ **''yaki af''- /sneeze hit/ ‘sneeze’ **''namir af''- /death hit/ ‘die’ **''omop af''- /blow hit/ ‘beat’ Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protolanguage
In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family. Proto-languages are usually unattested, or partially attested at best. They are reconstructed by way of the comparative method. In the family tree metaphor, a proto-language can be called a mother language. Occasionally, the German term ''Ursprache'' (from ''Ur-'' "primordial, original", and ''Sprache'' "language", ) is used instead. It is also sometimes called the ''common'' or ''primitive'' form of a language (e.g. Common Germanic, Primitive Norse). In the strict sense, a proto-language is the most recent common ancestor of a language family, immediately before the family started to diverge into the attested ''daughter languages''. It is therefore equivalent with the ''ancestral language'' or ''parental language'' of a language family. Moreover, a group of languages (s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malcolm Ross (linguist)
Malcolm David Ross (born 1942) is an Australian linguist. He is the emeritus professor of linguistics at the Australian National University. Ross is best known among linguists for his work on Austronesian and Papuan languages, historical linguistics, and language contact (especially metatypy). He was elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities in 1996. Career Ross served as the Principal of Goroka Teachers College in Papua New Guinea from 1980 to 1982, during which time he self-statedly become interested in local languages, and began to collect data on them. In 1986, he received his PhD from the ANU under the supervision of Stephen Wurm, Bert Voorhoeve and Darrell Tryon. His dissertation was on the genealogy of the Oceanic languages of western Melanesia, and contained an early reconstruction of Proto Oceanic. Malcolm Ross introduced the concept of a linkage, a group of languages that evolves via dialect differentiation rather than by tree-like splits. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central And South New Guinea Languages
The Central and South New Guinea languages (CSNG) are a proposed family of Trans–New Guinea languages (TNG). They were part of Voorhoeve & McElhanon's original TNG proposal, but have been reduced in scope by half (nine families to four) in the classification of Malcolm Ross. According to Ross, it is not clear if the pronoun similarities between the four remaining branches of Central and South New Guinea are retentions for proto-TNG forms or shared innovations defining a single branch of TNG. Voorhoeve argues independently for an Awyu–Ok relationship, and Foley echoes that Asmat may be closest to Awyu and Ok of the TNG languages. Regardless, the four individual branches of reduced Central and South New Guinea are themselves clearly valid families. * Central and South New Guinea (Asmat–Ok) ** Asmat–Kamoro family recent expansion along the south coast** Greater Awyu family ** Mombum family ** Ok–Oksapmin family ''Ethnologue'' (2009) retains only Awyu–Dumut and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; id, Papua, or , historically ) is the world's second-largest island with an area of . Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua, South Papua, Southwest Papua, and West Papua. The largest cities on the island are Jayapura (capital of Papua, Indonesia) and Port Moresby (capital of Papua New Guinea). Names The island has been known by various names: The name ''Papua'' was used to refer to parts of the island before contact with the West. Its etymology is unclear; one theory states that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muli Strait
Muli Strait ( Malay: ''Selat Muli'', formerly ''Salat Moeli''), or Marianne Strait (colonial Dutch ''Straat Marianne''), named after Princess Marianne of the Netherlands, is a strait in the Indonesian province of South Papua that separates the island of Yos Sudarso from coastal New Guinea to the east. At the southern end of Muli Strait is Komoran (Komolom) Island, with Buaya Strait (Bensbach Creek) separating it from Yos Sudarso to the north. Muli Strait was discovered by Europeans in 1826 by Dirk Hendrik Kolff.{{Citation needed, date=August 2020 left, Yos Sudarso island and the Muli Strait See also *Muli Strait languages The Mombum languages, also known as the Komolom or Muli Strait languages, are a pair of Trans–New Guinea languages, Mombum (Komolom) and Koneraw, spoken on Komolom Island just off Yos Sudarso Island, and on the southern coast of Yos Sudarso Is ... Straits of Indonesia Geography of South Papua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yos Sudarso Island
Pulau Yos Sudarso or Pulau Dolok is an island separated only by the narrow Muli Strait from the main island of New Guinea. It is part of the Merauke Regency, in the Indonesian province of South Papua. The island is leaf-shaped, about long with an area of . It was known as Frederik Hendrik Island until 1963. Local and alternative names of the island include Dolok, Kimaam and Kolepom. With about 11,000 inhabitants, the island's population density is less than . The native population speaks Kolopom languages, including Kimaghima, Ndom, and Riantana/Kimaan. Communities on the island include Kaba, Kimaan, Kladar, Pembre, Wan, and Yomuka.Yos Sudarso Island at GeoFact of the Day, August 21, 2015. Kimaan (or Kimaam) is the main settlement. It lies in the southeast on the Buaya Strait that separates the smaller is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
