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Molla Kabiz
Molla Kabiz was an Islamic cleric who was executed in Istanbul in 1527 for teaching the heresy that Jesus was spiritually superior to the prophet Muhammad. Little is known of his early life, other than that he was originally from Iran and had been educated in Islamic scholarship. Having been found guilty of heresy, the court urged him to renounce his doctrines and return to Sunni orthodoxy; he refused, resulting in his execution by beheading on 4 November 1527. The primary historical source for his trial and execution is the works of the Ottoman historian Celâlzâde Mustafa Çelebi, who was ''Reis ül-Küttab The ''Reis ül-Küttab'' (), or ''Reis Efendi'' (), was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Translated as "chief of the katib, scribes" or "head clerk", the holder of the post was originally the head of the chancery of the I ...'' (chief of the Imperial Council bureaucracy) at the time, and hence was personally aware of the case. References {{Isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İslâm Ansiklopedisi
The (İA) () is a Turkish academic encyclopedia for Islamic studies published by Presidency of Religious Affairs. History The decision to begin the encyclopedia project was made at the 1st Turkish Publications Congress in Ankara on 2–5 May 1939. In response to this Congress, the Turkish Minister of National Education Hasan Âli Yücel sent a letter dated 9 May 1939 to the rector of Istanbul University requesting that the Encyclopaedia of Islam be translated into Turkish. The project was initially led by , Dean of the Faculty of Letters of Istanbul University, but soon Abdülhak Adnan Adıvar was appointed leader of the project. The first fascicle of the Encyclopedia of Islam was published in December 1940. The project's first headquarters was in the Institute of Turkology's building, later used as the Istanbul University Professors' House. The headquarters was moved to Seyyid Hasan Pasha Madrasa in 1947. The encyclopedia was completed in 1987. Relationship with ''Ency ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celâlzâde Mustafa Çelebi
Celâlzâde Mustafa Çelebi (c. 1490–1567) was an Ottoman historian and senior bureaucrat. His exact date of birth is unknown, but can be estimated based on information in his writings to be approximately 1490. He was born in Tosya. He was appointed as Reis ül-Küttab in 1524 or 1525; he then served as Nişancı from 1534 until 1557, and again from 1566 until his death. He died in Istanbul Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics .... References Bibliography * {{Ottoman-bio-stub 16th-century civil servants from the Ottoman Empire 16th-century historians from the Ottoman Empire Nişancı Reis ül-Küttab 1567 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reis ül-Küttab
The ''Reis ül-Küttab'' (), or ''Reis Efendi'' (), was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire. Translated as "chief of the katib, scribes" or "head clerk", the holder of the post was originally the head of the chancery of the Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), Imperial Council, evolving into an analogue to a Foreign Minister. In 1836, the title of ''reis ül-küttab'' was formally changed to Foreign Minister (''Hariciye Nazırı'') with the establishment of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs during the Tanzimat reforms. Establishment and evolution The office is first attested in the early 1520s, and was in all likelihood a creation of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (r. 1520–66), although it may have existed for far longer than that as a junior post attached to the government. As its name attests—''reis ül-küttab'' means as much as "head scribe" or "head clerk"—the post was in charge of the clerks of the Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire), Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Council (Ottoman Empire)
The Imperial Council or Imperial Divan (), was the '' de facto'' cabinet of the Ottoman Empire for most of its history. Initially an informal gathering of the senior ministers presided over by the Sultan in person, in the mid-15th century the Council's composition and function became firmly regulated. The Grand vizier, who became the Sultan's deputy as the head of government, assumed the role of chairing the Council, which comprised also the other viziers, charged with military and political affairs, the two '' kadi'askers'' or military judges, the '' defterdars'' in charge of finances, the '' nişancı'' in charge of the palace scribal service, and later the Kapudan Pasha, the head of the Ottoman Navy, and occasionally the ''beylerbey'' of Rumelia and the Agha of the Janissaries. The Council met in a dedicated building in the Second Courtyard of the Topkapi Palace, initially daily, then for four days a week by the 16th century. Its remit encompassed all matters of governance of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1527 Deaths
Year 1527 ( MDXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March *January 1 – Croatian nobles elect Ferdinand I of Austria as King of Croatia in the Parliament on Cetin. * January 5 – Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, is drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church. *February 14 – Queen consort Mary of Hungary, named as regent for the kingdom upon the August 29 death of her husband Louis II, asks permission from the Hungarian Diet to step down as the regent for the newly elected Frederick of Habsburg, but is denied. *February 21 – The Mughal–Rajput wars begin in India between the Emperor Babur of the Mughal Empire and states of the Rajput Confederacy, with the victory of the Rajput faction at the Battle of Bayana. *February 24 – **Ferdinand of the House of Habsburg is formally crowned as King of Bohemia at Pressburg (now Bratislava in Slovakia). **Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Executed For Heresy
The term "the people" refers to the public or common mass of people of a polity. As such it is a concept of human rights law, international law as well as constitutional law, particularly used for claims of popular sovereignty. In contrast, a people is any plurality of persons considered as a whole. Used in politics and law, the term "a people" refers to the collective or community of an ethnic group or nation. Concepts Legal Chapter One, Article One of the Charter of the United Nations states that "peoples" have the right to self-determination. Though the mere status as peoples and the right to self-determination, as for example in the case of Indigenous peoples (''peoples'', as in all groups of indigenous people, not merely all indigenous persons as in ''indigenous people''), does not automatically provide for independent sovereignty and therefore secession. Indeed, judge Ivor Jennings identified the inherent problems in the right of "peoples" to self-determination, as i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
