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Mithridatic Wars
The Mithridatic Wars were three conflicts fought by the Roman Republic against the Kingdom of Pontus and its allies between 88 and 63 BC. They are named after Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus during the course of the wars, who initiated the hostilities with Rome. Mithridates led the Pontic forces in every war. The Romans were led by various generals and consuls throughout the wars, namely Sulla, Lucius Cornelius Sulla, Lucullus, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, and Pompey, Gnaeus Pompey Magnus. The wars began over Pontus and Rome backing differing kings of Kingdom of Cappadocia, Cappadocia and Bithynia. The conflicts ended with the death of Mithridates in 63 BC and the annexation of Pontus and Syria by the Roman Republic. The Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity), Kingdom of Armenia and the Bosporan Kingdom ruled by Mithridates's son, Pharnaces II of Pontus, Pharnaces II became allied client states of Rome after the conclusion of the wars. Etymology The ''bellum Mithridaticum'' ("Mithridat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman–Greek Wars
The Roman–Greek wars were a series of armed conflicts between the Roman Republic and several Greek states. The list includes: * The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC), which ended with the victory of the Romans and the conquest of Epirote territories in South Italy despite earlier albeit costly victories by king Pyrrhus of Epirus, since regarded as 'Pyrrhic victories' (making the origin of this term). * The First Macedonian War (214–205 BC), which ended with the Peace of Phoenice. * The Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC), during which the Romans declared "the freedom of Greece" from the Kingdom of Macedon. * The Roman–Seleucid war (192–188 BC), which ended with the Treaty of Apamea. * The Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC), after which Macedonian territory was divided into four Roman client republics. * The Fourth Macedonian War (150–148 BC), after which Macedonia was formally annexed. * The Achaean War (146 BC), in which Rome gave a heavy blow to Greece with the Battle of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archelaus (Pontic Army Officer)
Archelaus (; fl. during the latter half of the second century BC and first half of first century BC, died by 63 BC) was a prominent Greek general who served under King Mithridates VI of Pontus in northern Anatolia and was also his favorite general.Mayor, ''The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy'' p.114 Family and early life Archelaus was a Greek nobleman from Cappadocia, possibly of Macedonian descent. His parents are unknown, but his ancestors are thought to be Greeks who arrived in Anatolia after the expedition of Alexander the Great. He had a brother called Neoptolemus and his family were active in the Pontic Court. As he was a friend of Mithridates VI, the Pontic King gave Archelaus the court title of '' philos''. Along with Neoptolemus they both rose to prominence during the wars of Mithridates VI on the northern shores of the Black Sea. Archelaus was a prominent Pontic general during the First Mithridatic War (89 BC-85 BC). In 88 BC a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharnaces II Of Pontus
Pharnaces II of Pontus (; about 97–47 BC) was the king of the Bosporan Kingdom and Kingdom of Pontus until his death. He was a monarch of Persian and Greek ancestry. He was the youngest child born to King Mithridates VI of Pontus from his first wife, his sister Queen Laodice. He was born and raised in the Kingdom of Pontus and was the namesake of his late double great grandfather Pharnaces I of Pontus. After his father was defeated by the Romans in the Third Mithridatic War (73–63 BC) and died in 63 BC, the Romans annexed the western part of Pontus, merged it with the former Kingdom of Bithynia and formed the Roman province of Bithynia and Pontus. The eastern part of Pontus remained under the rule of Pharnaces as a client kingdom until his death. Rebellion against his father Pharnaces II was raised as his father's successor and treated with distinction. However, little is known of his youth from ancient writers and find him first mentioned after Mithridates VI was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (; ), was an ancient Greco-Scythians, Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, centered in the present-day Strait of Kerch. It was the first truly 'Hellenistic' state, in the sense that a mixed population adopted the Greek language and civilization, under Aristocracy, aristocratic consolidated leadership. Under the Spartocid dynasty, the aristocracy of the kingdom adopted a double nature of presenting themselves as Archon, ''archons'' to Greek subjects and as kings to barbarians, which some historians consider unique in ancient history. The Bosporan Kingdom became Roman Crimea, the longest surviving Roman client kingdom. The 1st and 2nd centuries AD saw a period of a new golden age of the Bosporan state. It was briefly incorporated as part of the Roman province of Moesia Inferior from AD 63 to 68 under Emperor Nero, before being restored as a R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Armenia (antiquity)
The Kingdom of Greater Armenia or simply Greater Armenia or Armenia Major ( '; ), sometimes referred to as the Armenian Empire under Tigranes the Great, Tigranes II, was an Armenians, Armenian kingdom in the Ancient Near East which existed from 331 BC to 428 AD. Its history is divided into the successive reigns of three Royal family, royal dynasties: Orontid dynasty, Orontid (331–200 BC), Artaxiad dynasty, Artaxiad (189 BC12 AD), and Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid (52–428). The root of the kingdom lies in the Satrapy of Armenia of the Achaemenid Empire of Iran, which was formed from the territory of Urartu (860–590 BC) after it was conquered by the Medes in 590 BC. The satrapy became a kingdom in 321 BC during the reign of the Orontid dynasty after the conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great, which was then incorporated as one of the Hellenistic period, Hellenistic kingdoms of the Seleucid Empire. Under the Seleucid Empire ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bithynia
Bithynia (; ) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast along the Pontic coast, and Phrygia to the southeast towards the interior of Asia Minor. Hellenistic Bithynia was an independent kingdom from the 4th century BC. Its capital Nicomedia was rebuilt on the site of ancient Astacus in 264 BC by Nicomedes I of Bithynia. Bithynia was bequeathed to the Roman Republic in 74 BC, and became united with the Pontus region as the province of Bithynia and Pontus. In the 7th century it was incorporated into the Byzantine Opsikion theme. It became a border region to the Seljuk Empire in the 13th century, and was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Turks between 1325 and 1333. Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara): Nicomedia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Cappadocia
Cappadocia () was a Hellenistic-era Iranian peoples, Iranian kingdom centered in the historical region of Cappadocia in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). It developed from the former Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid Cappadocia (satrapy), satrapy of Cappadocia, and it was founded by its last satrap, Ariarathes I of Cappadocia, Ariarathes (later Ariarathes I). Throughout its history, it was ruled by three families in succession: the Ariarathid dynasty, House of Ariarathes (331–96 BC), the House of Ariobarzanes (96–36 BC), and lastly that of Archelaus of Cappadocia, Archelaus (36 BC–17 AD). In 17 AD, following the death of Archelaus, during the reign of Roman Empire, Roman emperor Tiberius (14–37 AD), the kingdom was incorporated as Cappadocia (Roman province), a Roman province. Origins and history Under the Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenids, the "Iranization" of Asia Minor had been significant, and a large Iranian presence had been established in west ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Pontus
This is a list of monarchs of Kingdom of Pontus, Pontus, an ancient Hellenistic period, Hellenistic kingdom of Persian people, Persian origin in Anatolia, Asia Minor. Monarchs of Pontus References {{Ancient Greece topics Lists of monarchs, Pontus Monarchs of Pontus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mithridates VI
Mithridates or Mithradates VI Eupator (; 135–63 BC) was the ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus in northern Anatolia from 120 to 63 BC, and one of the Roman Republic's most formidable and determined opponents. He was an effective, ambitious, and ruthless ruler who sought to dominate Asia Minor and the Black Sea region, waging several hard-fought but ultimately unsuccessful wars (the Mithridatic Wars) to break Roman dominion over Asia and the Hellenic world. He has been called the greatest ruler of the Kingdom of Pontus. He cultivated an immunity to poisons by regularly ingesting sub-lethal doses; this practice, now called mithridatism, is named after him. After his death, he became known as Mithridates the Great. Biography Name and ancestry ''Mithridates'' is the Greek attestation of the Iranic name ''Mihrdāt'', meaning "given by Mithra" ( - '' Mehrdād''), the name of the ancient Iranian sun god. The name ''Mihrdāt'' itself derives from Old Iranian ''Miθra-dāta-''. The Gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellum Mithridaticum 87-86aC
Bellum, Latin for "war", may refer to: War * Bellum/Polemos, the daemon of war from Greco-Roman mythology * ''Bellum omnium contra omnes'', a Latin phrase meaning "the war of all against all" * '' Bellum se ipsum alet'', a Latin phrase meaning "the war will feed itself" * ''Bellum civile'' (other), a Latin phrase meaning "civil war" Places * Bellum Valley, Oates Land, Antarctica Characters * Ms. Bellum, a slightly tall woman from '' The Powerpuff Girls'' See also * * * Belum * Belum Caves * BELAM * Bellem, town in Belgium * Interbellum * Antebellum (other) Antebellum, Latin for "before war", may refer to: United States history * Antebellum South, the pre-American Civil War period in the Southern US ** Antebellum Georgia ** Antebellum South Carolina ** Antebellum Virginia * Antebellum architectur ... * Parabellum (other) * Postbellum (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Marius (quaestor 76 BC)
Marcus Marius was a quaestor of the Roman Republic in 76 BC and proquaestor under Quintus Sertorius's government in exile in Spain. Marius was sent by Sertorius to Mithradates of Pontus as an advisor and military commander in the Third Mithridatic War. He is named as or more likely confused with a Varius in Appian. Family and political connections No connection has been established between this Marius and Gaius Marius or the other contemporary Marii of Arpinum. M. Marius is supposed to have arrived in Spain in the company of Perperna, but no further association is recorded with the man who was the prime instigator of Sertorius's assassination a few years later. Given that Marcus Marius was among the senators who fled Sulla, his politics are not likely to have been antithetical to those of the better-known Marian ''populares''. A passage in Orosius implies, but does not directly state, that he was on the list of the proscribed. He was certainly a ''fugas'' (φυγάς), a fugit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristion
Aristion ( Greek: Άριστίων; died 1 March 86 BC in Athens) was a philosopher who became tyrant of Athens from 88 BC until he died in 86 BC. Aristion joined forces with King Mithridates VI of Pontus against Greece's overlords, the Romans, fighting alongside Pontic forces during the First Mithridatic War, but to no avail. On 1 March 86 BC, after a long and destructive siege, Athens was taken by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla, who had Aristion executed. Life Aristion's early history is preserved by Athenaeus on the authority of Posidonius. Posidonius calls him Athenion and makes him a Peripatetic philosopher, whereas others, Pausanias, Appian, and Plutarch, call him Aristion, and Appian calls him an Epicurean philosopher. There is no universally accepted resolution to this confusion, and it is possible that two separate tyrants held power in Athens in quick succession during the First Mithridatic War, whose stories became conflated together. This is the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
