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Misin Tapa Undong
In the history of modern and contemporary Korea, especially between the late 19th century and the 1980s, there have been a series of waves of movement to eliminate indigenous shamanism and folk religions. In Korean, the movement is called (), regarding homegrown shamanism and anything related to it as "superstition" (); the modern Korean word for "superstition" also has the meaning of "illusory" or "false spiritual beliefs", and implies that gods and ancestors do not exist. This term was adopted from Japanese in the late 19th century, and largely emphasized by Christian missionaries to target Korean indigenous religion. Waves of the anti-shamanism movement started in the 1890s with the rise of influence of Protestant preachers in Korea, culminating during the New Community Movement of the 20th century, in South Korea. These movements destroyed most of the indigenous cults and shrines of folk religion, which were largely replaced by Christianity. History Late Joseon (1890s) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jangseung
A () or village guardian is a Korean totem pole usually made of wood. were traditionally placed at the edges of villages to mark village boundaries and frighten away demons. They were also worshipped as village tutelary deities. In the southern regions of Jeolla, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang, jangseungs are also referred to as ''beopsu'' or ''beoksu'', a variation of ''boksa'' (), meaning a male shaman. In the Jeolla region, are often made of stone bearing some resemblance to the dolhareubangs of Jeju Island. In Seoul, 18th century Joseon Dynasty King Jeongjo ordered erected in the area near Sangdo-dong to ward off evil spirits when he made a royal procession to Suwon, where his father's tomb was located. Since then, the district has been called Jangseungbaegi and has given its name to the Jangseungbaegi Station on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway's Line 7. are usually adorned with inscriptions describing the personae of the carved figures along the front of the pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tongnip Sinmun
''Tongnip sinmun'' (), also known by its translated title ''The Independent'', was a historic newspaper printed in Korean and English and published between 1896 and 1899. It was the first privately managed daily newspaper in Korea and the first to print editions written exclusively in Hangul (and not interspersed with Hanja, as was common practice). It was founded in July 1896 by the Korean intellectual Seo Jae-pil (later known as Philip Jaisohn). Both language editions were first published every other day, but its Korean edition was later printed daily and its English weekly. It has been estimated that the paper's average circulation per issue was between 2,000 and 3,000 copies. The paper is a . Background After participating in the 1884 failed Kapsin Coup, which sought to reform the Joseon bureaucracy, Seo Jae-pil sought refuge in the United States. In exile, he learned from Pak Yŏnghyo that he had been pardoned from the charge of high treason as of March 1895, and fur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In Korea
Religion is a range of social- cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. It is an essentially contested concept. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacredness, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). and a supernatural being or beings. The origin of religious belief is an open question, with possible explanations including awareness of individual death, a sense of community, and dreams. Religions have sacred histories, narratives, and mythologies, preserved in oral traditions, sacred texts, symbols, and holy places, that may attempt to explain the origin of life, the universe, and other phenomena. Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Persecution
Religious persecution is the systematic oppression of an individual or a group of individuals as a response to their religion, religious beliefs or affiliations or their irreligion, lack thereof. The tendency of societies or groups within societies to alienate or repress different subcultures is a recurrent theme in human history. Moreover, because a person's religion frequently determines his or her sense of morality, worldview, self-image, attitudes towards others, and overall personal identity to a significant extent, religious differences can be significant cultural, personal, and social factors. Religious persecution may be triggered by religious or antireligion, antireligious stances (when members of a dominant group denigrate religions other than their own or religion itself where the irreligious are the dominant group) or it may be triggered by the state when it views a particular religious group as a threat to its interests or security. At a societal level, the dehumaniz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gut (ritual)
''Gut'' (, also romanised ''kut'' or ''goot'') are the rites performed by Korean shamans, involving offerings and sacrifices to gods, spirits and ancestors. They are characterised by rhythmic movements, songs, oracles and prayers. These rites are meant to create welfare, promoting commitment between the spirits and humankind. The major categories of rites are the ''naerim-gut'', the ''dodang-gut'' and the ''ssitgim-gut''. Through song and dance, the shaman begs the gods to intervene in the fortune of humans. The shaman wears a very colourful costume and normally speaks in ecstasy. During a rite, the shaman changes his or her costume several times. Rituals consist of various phases, called ''gori''. In Jeju Island, ''gut'' rituals involve the recitation of a myth about the deities being invoked, called '' bon-puri''. Similar narratives are also found in mainland shamanism. Importance of purification Purity of both the body and the mind is a state that is required for taking pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saemaul Undong
The Saemaul Undong (), also known as the New Community Movement, New Village Movement, Saemaul Movement or Saema'eul Movement, was a political initiative launched on April22, 1970 by South Korean president Park Chung Hee to modernize the rural South Korean economy. The idea was based on the Korean traditional communalism called ''Hyangyak'' () and '' Dure'' (), which provided the rules for self-governance and cooperation in traditional Korean communities. The movement initially sought to rectify the growing disparity of the standard of living between the nation's urban centers, which were rapidly industrializing, and the small villages, which continued to be mired in poverty. Diligence, self-help and collaboration were the slogans to encourage community members to participate in the development process. The early stage of the movement focused on improving the basic living conditions and environments, whereas later projects concentrated on building rural infrastructure and increas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Park Chung Hee
Park Chung Hee (; ; November14, 1917October26, 1979) was a South Korean politician and army officer who served as the third president of South Korea from 1962 after he seized power in the May 16 coup of 1961 until Assassination of Park Chung Hee, his assassination in 1979. His regime oversaw a period of intense economic growth and transformation, making him one of the most consequential leaders in Korean history, although his legacy as a military dictator continues to cause controversy. Before his presidency, Park was the second-highest-ranking officer in the South Korean army. His coup brought an end to the interim Second Republic of Korea. After serving for two years as chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, military junta, he was 1963 South Korean presidential election, elected president in 1963, ushering in the Third Republic of Korea, Third Republic. A firm Anti-communism, anti-communist, he continued to maintain close ties with the United States, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeju Island
Jeju Island (Jeju language, Jeju/) is South Korea's largest island, covering an area of , which is 1.83% of the total area of the country. Alongside outlying islands, it is part of Jeju Province and makes up the majority of the province. The island lies in the Korea Strait, south of the nearest point on the Korean Peninsula. The Jeju people are indigenous to the island, and it has been populated by modern humans since the early Neolithic, Neolithic period. The Jeju language is considered critically endangered by UNESCO. It is also one of the regions of Korea where Korean shamanism, Shamanism is most intact. Jeju Island has an oval shape and is east–west and north–south, with a gentle slope around Hallasan in the center. The length of the main road is and the coastline is . On the northern end of Jeju Island is Gimnyeong Beach, on the southern end Songaksan (Jeju), Songak Mountain, the western end Suwolsan, Suwol Peak, and the eastern end Seongsan Ilchulbong. The island ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Syngman Rhee
Syngman Rhee (; 26 March 1875 – 19 July 1965), also known by his art name Unam (), was a South Korean politician who served as the first president of South Korea from 1948 to 1960. Rhee was also the first and last president of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea from 1919 to his impeachment in 1925 and from 1947 to 1948. And he was also the president of the People's Republic of Korea from 1945 to 1946. As president of South Korea, First Republic of Korea, Rhee's government was characterised by authoritarianism, limited economic development, and in the late 1950s growing political instability and public opposition to his rule. Born in Hwanghae Province, Joseon, Rhee attended an American Methodist school, where he converted to Christianity. He became a Korean independence movement, Korean independence activist and was imprisoned for his activities in 1899. After his release in 1904, he moved to the United States, where he obtained degrees from American universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gut (ritual)
''Gut'' (, also romanised ''kut'' or ''goot'') are the rites performed by Korean shamans, involving offerings and sacrifices to gods, spirits and ancestors. They are characterised by rhythmic movements, songs, oracles and prayers. These rites are meant to create welfare, promoting commitment between the spirits and humankind. The major categories of rites are the ''naerim-gut'', the ''dodang-gut'' and the ''ssitgim-gut''. Through song and dance, the shaman begs the gods to intervene in the fortune of humans. The shaman wears a very colourful costume and normally speaks in ecstasy. During a rite, the shaman changes his or her costume several times. Rituals consist of various phases, called ''gori''. In Jeju Island, ''gut'' rituals involve the recitation of a myth about the deities being invoked, called '' bon-puri''. Similar narratives are also found in mainland shamanism. Importance of purification Purity of both the body and the mind is a state that is required for taking pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Korean Buddhism
Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what its early practitioners saw as inconsistencies within the Mahayana Buddhist traditions that they received from foreign countries. To address this, they developed a new holistic approach to Buddhism that became a distinct form, an approach characteristic of virtually all major Korean thinkers. The resulting variation is called '' Tongbulgyo'' ("interpenetrated Buddhism"), a form that sought to harmonize previously arising disputes among scholars (a principle called ''hwajaeng'' 和諍). Centuries after Buddhism originated in India, the Mahayana tradition arrived in China through the Silk Road in the 1st century CE via Tibet; it then entered the Korean peninsula in the 4th century during the Three Kingdoms Period, from where it was transmitted to Japan. In Korea, it was adopted as the state religion of 3 constituent polities of the Three Kingdoms Period, first by the Goguryeo (also kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Religion
Indigenous religion or native religion is a category used in the study of religion to demarcate the religious belief systems of communities described as being " indigenous". This category is often juxtaposed against others such as the " world religions" and " new religious movements". The term is commonly applied to a range of different belief systems across the Americas, Australasia, Asia, Africa, and Northern Europe, particularly to those practiced by communities living under the impact of colonialism. The term "indigenous religions" is usually applied to the localised belief systems of small-scale societies. These belief systems do not typically engage in proselytization, thus distinguishing them from movements like Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism that all seek converts and which are typically classified as "world religions". They are also often characterised as being distinct from the "world religions" because they are orally transmitted, intertwined with traditi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
