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Miranda V. Arizona
''Miranda v. Arizona'', 384 U.S. 436 (1966), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that law enforcement in the United States must warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogation, interrogating them, or else the person's statements cannot be used as evidence (law), evidence at their trial. Specifically, the Court held that under the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the government cannot use a person's statements made in response to an interrogation while in police custody as evidence at the person's criminal trial unless they can show that the person was informed of the right to consult with a lawyer before and during questioning, and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that the defendant not only understood these rights but also voluntarily waived them before answering questions. ''Miranda'' was v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernesto Miranda
Ernesto Arturo Miranda (March 9, 1941 – January 31, 1976) was an American laborer whose criminal conviction was set aside in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case '' Miranda v. Arizona'', which ruled that criminal suspects must be informed of their right against self-incrimination and their right to consult with an attorney before being questioned by police. This warning is known as a ''Miranda'' warning. Miranda had been convicted of kidnapping, rape, and armed robbery charges based on his confession under police interrogation. After the Supreme Court decision invalidated Miranda's initial conviction, the state of Arizona tried him again. At the second trial, with his confession excluded from evidence, he was convicted. He was sentenced to 20–30 years in prison, but was paroled in 1972. After his release, he returned to his old neighborhood and made a modest living autographing police officers' "Miranda cards" that contained the text of the warning for reading to arrestees. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Aid
Legal aid is the provision of assistance to people who are unable to afford legal representation and access to the court system. Legal aid is regarded as central in providing access to justice by ensuring equality before the law, the right to counsel and the right to a fair trial. This article describes the development of legal aid and its principles, primarily as known in Europe, the Commonwealth of Nations and in the United States. Legal aid is essential to guaranteeing equal access to justice for all, as provided for by Article 6.3 of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding criminal law cases and Article 6.1 of the same Convention both for civil and criminal cases. Especially for citizens who do not have sufficient financial means, the provision of legal aid to clients by governments increases the likelihood, within court proceedings, of being assisted by legal professionals for free or at a lower cost, or of receiving financial aid. A number of delivery mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Defender
A public defender is a lawyer appointed to represent people who otherwise cannot reasonably afford to hire a lawyer to defend themselves in a trial. Several countries provide people with public defenders, including the UK, Belgium, Hungary and Singapore, and some states of Australia. Brazil is the only country in which an office of government-paid lawyers with the specific purpose of providing full legal assistance and representation to the needy free of charge is established in the constitution. The Sixth Amendment to the US Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court, requires the US government to provide legal counsel to indigent defendants in criminal cases. Public defenders in the United States are lawyers employed by or under contract with county, state or federal governments. By country In civil law countries, following the model from the French Napoleonic Code of criminal procedure, the courts typically appoint private attorneys at the expense of the state. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault involving sexual intercourse, or other forms of sexual penetration, carried out against a person without consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability, or is below the legal age of consent ( statutory rape). The term ''rape'' is sometimes casually used interchangeably with the term ''sexual assault''. The rate of reporting, prosecuting and convicting for rape varies between jurisdictions. Internationally, the incidence of rapes recorded by the police during 2008 ranged, per 100,000 people, from 0.2 in Azerbaijan to 92.9 in Botswana with 6.3 in Lithuania as the median. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kidnapping
Kidnapping or abduction is the unlawful abduction and confinement of a person against their will, and is a crime in many jurisdictions. Kidnapping may be accomplished by use of force or fear, or a victim may be enticed into confinement by fraud or deception. Kidnapping is distinguished from false imprisonment by the intentional movement of the victim to a different location. Kidnapping may be done to demand a ransom in exchange for releasing the victim, or for other illegal purposes. Kidnapping can be accompanied by bodily injury, which in some jurisdictions elevates the crime to aggravated kidnapping. Kidnapping of a child may be a distinct crime, depending on jurisdiction. Motives Kidnapping can occur for a variety of reasons, with motivations for the crime varying particularly based on the perpetrator. Ransom The kidnapping of a person, most often an adult, for ransom is a common motivation behind kidnapping. This method is primarily utilized by larger organizations, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Circumstantial Evidence
Circumstantial evidence is evidence that relies on an inference to connect it to a conclusion of fact, such as a fingerprint at the scene of a crime. By contrast, direct evidence supports the truth of an assertion directly, i.e., without need for any additional evidence or inference. Overview On its own, circumstantial evidence allows for more than one explanation. Different pieces of circumstantial evidence may be required, so that each corroborates the conclusions drawn from the others. Together, they may more strongly support one particular inference over another. An explanation involving circumstantial evidence becomes more likely once alternative explanations have been ruled out. Circumstantial evidence allows a trier of fact to infer that a fact exists. In criminal law, the inference is made by the trier of fact to support the truth of an assertion (of guilt or absence of guilt). Reasonable doubt is tied into circumstantial evidence as that evidence relies on inference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carroll Cooley
Carroll Franklin Cooley (August 25, 1935 – May 29, 2023) was an American police detective. He was known for arresting laborer Ernesto Miranda. The arrest led to failing to warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogating them, becoming a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case named '' Miranda v. Arizona''. Life and career Cooley was born in Bald Knob, Arkansas, the son of John Cooley, a car mechanic, and Donna Mae, a homemaker. At an early age, he and his family moved to Phoenix Arizona. He served in the United States Air Force for four years, which after his discharge, in 1958, he joined the Phoenix Police Department. Over the years working in the police department, he was promoted to the rank of detective. On March 13, 1963, Cooley and fellow police officer Wilfred Young arrested laborer Ernesto Miranda. The arrest led to failing to warn a person of their constitutional rights before interrogating them, becoming a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case named '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenix Police Department
The Phoenix Police Department is the law enforcement agency responsible for the city of Phoenix, Arizona. As of May 2024, the Phoenix Police Department comprises just over 2,500 officers, some 625 below authorized strength of 3,125 and more than 1,000 support personnel. The department serves a population of more than 1.64 million and patrol almost of the fifth largest city in the United States. The United States Department of Justice have documented a pattern of excessive force, discrimination against Black, Hispanic, and Native American people, and other misconduct within Phoenix Police Department. History Phoenix was incorporated as a city on February 5, 1881. Law enforcement was handled by Phoenix city marshals and later by Phoenix police officers. Henry Garfias, the first city marshal, was elected by residents in 1881 in the first elections of the newly incorporated city. For six years, he served as the primary law enforcement officer. In the early 1900s, the Phoenix Poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escobedo V
Escobedo may refer to: Places * , Cantabria, Spain * General Escobedo, Nuevo León, Mexico * Escobedo, Coahuila, Mexico * Empalme Escobedo, Guanajuato, Mexico * Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico * San Juanito de Escobedo (municipality), Jalisco, Mexico * Tanquián de Escobedo, San Luis Potosí, Mexico * Tultitlán de Mariano Escobedo, México State, Mexico * Mariano Escobedo, Veracruz, Mexico * Monte Escobedo, Zacatecas, Mexico People with the surname * Anna Escobedo Cabral (born 1959), the 42nd Treasurer of the United States * Bartolomé de Escobedo (c. 1500 - 1563), Spanish composer * Belissa Escobedo (born 1988), American actress * Carlos Escobedo, the founder of Spanish alternative rock band Savia * Cleto Escobedo III, the founder of Cleto and the Cletones, the house band on ''Jimmy Kimmel Live!'' * Eduardo Escobedo (born 1984), Mexican professional boxer and WBC Silver Super Featherweight Champion * Ernesto Escobedo (born 1996), American tennis player * Helen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lyndon B
Lyndon may refer to: Places * Lyndon, Alberta, Canada * Lyndon, Rutland, East Midlands, England * Lyndon, Solihull, West Midlands, England United States * Lyndon, Illinois * Lyndon, Kansas * Lyndon, Kentucky * Lyndon, New York * Lyndon, Ohio * Lyndon, Pennsylvania * Lyndon, Vermont * Lyndon, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, a town * Lyndon, Juneau County, Wisconsin, a town Other uses * Lyndon State College, a public college located in Lyndonville, Vermont People * Lyndon (name), given name and surname See also * Lyndon School (other) * Lyndon Township (other) * * Lydon (other) * Lynden (other) * Lindon (other) * Linden (other) {{disambig, geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Society
The Great Society was a series of domestic programs enacted by President Lyndon B. Johnson in the United States between 1964 and 1968, aimed at eliminating poverty, reducing racial injustice, and expanding social welfare in the country. Johnson first used the phrase in a May 7, 1964, speech at Ohio University. The Great Society sought to build on the legacy of former President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal reforms of the 1930s, and planned to use the power of the federal government in order to address Income inequality in the United States, economic inequality, improve education and healthcare, and promote Civil rights movement, civil rights. The post–World War II economic expansion had raised living standards for many Americans, but significant disparities remained, particularly for racial minorities and those living in impoverished rural and urban areas. The civil rights movement was gaining momentum, highlighting Institutional racism, systemic racism and discrimination. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Legal Services Corporation
The Legal Services Corporation (LSC) is a publicly funded, 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation established by the United States Congress. It seeks to ensure equal access to justice under the law for all Americans by funding organizations providing civil legal aid in the United States, legal aid to those who otherwise would be unable to afford it. The LSC was created in 1974 with bipartisan congressional sponsorship and the support of the Nixon administration, and LSC is funded through the congressional appropriations process. LSC has a board of eleven directors, appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate, that set LSC policy. By law, the board is bipartisan; no more than six members can come from the same party. LSC has a president and other officers who implement policies and oversee the corporation's operations. By law, LSC's headquarters are located in Washington, D.C. In the 1970s and 1980s, LSC also had regional offices. LSC curren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
