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Ministry Of Trade And Agriculture (Ottoman Empire)
Ministry of Trade and Agriculture (; ) was the name given to the ministry responsible for trade and agricultural affairs in the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, before the establishment of ministries ( Turkish: nazırlık), the title for the person responsible for agricultural and commercial affairs in the Empire was "Arpa Emini".Sicil-i Osmani, Mehmet Süreyya Bey According to Ottoman records Hayreddin Çelebi was the first ''Arpa Emini'' arley chiefin 1484. During the reign of Selim III, the ''Arpa Emini'' was transformed into the "Hububat ve Zahire Nazırlığı" ( English: Ministry of Cereals and Rations). However, this ministry did not last long, and the title of ''Arpa Emini'' returned. Finally, in 1839, the "Ticaret ve Ziraat Nezâreti" ( English: Ministry of Trade and Agriculture) was established for the first time, and Halil Rifat Pasha was appointed as its head. The Ministry of Trade and Agriculture continued to exist until the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. How ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. The empire emerged from a Anatolian beyliks, ''beylik'', or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in by the Turkoman (ethnonym), Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors Ottoman wars in Europe, conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the Fall of Constantinople, conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II. With its capital at History of Istanbul#Ottoman Empire, Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interacti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Namık Pasha
Mehmed Emin Namık Pasha (1804 – 1892) was an Ottoman statesman and military reformer, who is considered to be one of the founding fathers of the modern Ottoman Army. He served under five Sultans and acted as counsellor to at least four of them. He founded the '' Mekteb-i Harbiye'' (The Ottoman Military Academy), was twice Viceroy of the province of Bagdad, was the first ambassador of the Sublime Porte at Saint-James's Court, was appointed '' Serasker'' (Supreme Commander of the Ottoman Army), he served as the Minister of War, became a Cabinet minister, and was conferred the title of ''Şeyh-ül Vüzera'' (Head of Imperial Ministers). During a long career that spanned a long lifetime (he lived to be eighty-eight), he was one of the personalities who shaped, as well as were themselves shaped by, what historian İlber Ortaylı called “the longest century” of the Ottoman state (''İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı'', 1983). Biography Mehmed Namık was born in Constanti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konstantinos Vagianis
Konstantinos Vagianis or Kostaki Vayanis Éfendi (18461919) was a Prince of Samos between March 7, 1899, and 1900. He succeeded Stephanos Mousouros and was in turn succeeded by Michail Grigoriadis on August 16, 1900. He came from Neapolis in Cappadocia. He studied law in Constantinople and Athens. He became a professor of merchant law in Constantinople and appointed counselor to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. His sister was Princess Arapissas Vayanis, Countess Nissirios. His reign as Prince of Samos was largely a failure because he adhered to only one political party. While at first he was beloved the Greek population of the island and loved them in turn, but he later on forbade the Samian National Anthem and the Samian National Flag. He even dismissed a mayor because he protested strongly about that. Despite the privileges and rights of the people of the Principality of Samos The Principality of Samos (, ; ; ) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suleyman Al-Boustani
Suleyman al-Boustani (Arabic: سليمان البـسـتاني / ALA-LC: ''Sulaymān al-Bustānī'', ; 1856–1925) was a statesman, teacher, poet and historian born in Bkheshtin, Lebanon. He was a Maronite Catholic and hailed from a prominent family well known for their pioneering contributions to the Arab renaissance of the late 19th century known as Nahda. A nephew of Butrus al-Bustani, he was famous for translating Homer's ''Iliad The ''Iliad'' (; , ; ) is one of two major Ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer. It is one of the oldest extant works of literature still widely read by modern audiences. As with the ''Odyssey'', the poem is divided into 24 books and ...'' into Arabic, introducing its poetic style into the Arabic language. His political front saw him as the minister of finance in the last Ottoman government before its collapse. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Boustani, Suleyman Arab people from the Ottoman Empire Lebanese translators 1856 birt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmet Celal Bey
Mehmet Celal Bey (; 1863 – 15 February 1926) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman-born Turkish statesman and a key Witnesses and testimonies of the Armenian genocide, witness to the Armenian genocide. During his career as a politician, Celal Bey served as governor of the Ottoman provinces associated with the cities Erzurum, Aleppo, Aydın, Edirne, Konya, and Adana. He also served as minister of the interior and minister of agriculture as well as mayor of Istanbul. Celal Bey is known for having saved many lives during the Armenian genocide by defying deportation orders, which were preludes to starvation and massacres. As a result, he was removed from his post as governor in Aleppo and transferred to Konya, where he was again dismissed upon continuing to obstruct deportations. Today, he is often called the Turkish Oskar Schindler. Early life Mehmet Celal Bey was born in 1863 in Kiziltoprak, Kadıköy, a suburb of Istanbul, Constantinople (today-Istanbul) in the Ottoman Empire. His ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabriel Noradunkyan
Gabriel (Kapriel) Efendi Noradunkyan (, ; 6 November 1852 Constantinople - 1936 Paris) was an Ottoman Armenian statesman and bureaucrat. He served as the Minister of Trade in 1908 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Ottoman Empire from July 22, 1912 to January 23, 1913 during the reign of Mehmed V and the prime ministership of Ahmed Muhtar Pasha and Kâmil Pasha. Life and career Gabriel Noradunkyan was born in the Selamsız neighborhood of the Üsküdar district of Constantinople on 6 November 1852. He was the son of Krikor Noradunkyan, a local bread maker to the Imperial Palace. His family originated from the village of Agn (today Kemaliye) near Erzincan. Having received his elementary education at home, Gabriel Noradunkyan attended the local St. Joseph's French High School in the Kadıköy district where he graduated from in 1869. In 1870, after graduating from Saint Joseph University, Noradunkyan continued his education in Law and Political Science at Sorbonne University i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha
Hüseyin Tevfik Pasha (1832 in Vidin, Ottoman Empire (now in Bulgaria) – 16 June 1901 in Constantinople (now Istanbul)) was a mathematician from the Ottoman Empire and military adjutant representing the Ottoman Empire in the purchase of foreign rifles. He is remembered for his ''Linear Algebra'' (1882, 1892) which outlined some vector algebra including a "special perpendicular" (cross product) and properties of curves. The book title was precocious since the early vector algebra was generalized in vector space, and this concept later produced linear algebra. He is known as Tawfiq Pasha of Vidin or as Vidinli Huseyin, Tawfiq Pasha in Turkish literature. He served as Ottoman Empire-United States relations, Envoy of the Ottoman Empire to the United States. Life At age 14 he moved to Constantinople to study painting. In 1844 his schooling was in Euclidean geometry, he studied with Tahir Pasha (governor), Tahir Pasha. He graduated in 1860. Upon the death of his teacher, Tevfik to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mustafa Zihni Pasha
Mustafa Zihni Pasha (1838–1911) was an Ottoman Kurd who held a number of influential Ottoman administrative posts. He was also a notable member of the Society for the Rise of Kurdistan. He was described by Barré de Lancy and Charles Woods as an honest, fair and impartial man, Mustafa Zihni was also described as belonging to the highest Ottoman class. He had an estate in Constantinople where he lived with his three sons, Ahmet Naim Bey, Ismail Hakki Bey and Huseyin Shukru Bey. Posts * Minister of Commerce and Public Works * Vali (governor) of the provinces of Hejaz, Ioannina, AdanaThe Danger Zone of Europe Changes and Problems in the Near East, Henry Charles Woods and AleppoThe Fortnightly, Volume 61, Volume 67, Chapman and Hall, 1897 * Member of the Senate of the Ottoman Empire * Chief of naval operations * Head inspector of the army * Sultan's special representative to Crete * Chief secretary (Mektupcu) of the Baghdad Province * Sub-governor (Mutasarrıf) of Burdur, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kadri Pasha
Mehmed Kadri Pasha () also known as Kadri Pasha (1832 – 1884) was an Ottoman statesman and reformer. He was the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Abdul Hamid II from 9 June 1880 to 12 September 1880. From 11 February 1876 to 4 February 1877, he was also the mayor (şehremini) of Constantinople. Biography Kadri Pasha was born in 1832 in Aintab, and was the son of Cenanizade Ishak Pasha, who was the Governor of Cyprus. After having acquired his basic education, mastering Arabic and Persian, and studying Islamic sciences and literature in his hometown, Kadri was moved to Constantinople, where he would be further tutored in English and French, as well as modern Western sciences. His tenure with the civil service The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil service personnel hired rather than elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil service offic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha or Jevdet Pasha in English (22 March 1822 – 25 May 1895) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman scholar, intellectual, bureaucrat, administrator, and historian who was a prominent figure in the Tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman Empire. He was the head of the ''Mecelle'' commission that codified Sharia, Islamic law for the first time in response to the Westernization of law.Donohue, John J., and John L. Esposito. Foreword. Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives. New York: Oxford UP, 2007. N. pag. . He is often regarded as a pioneer in the codification of a Civil law (legal system), civil law based on the European legal system. The Mecelle remained intact in several modern Arab states in the early and mid-20th-century. In addition to Turkish, he was proficient in Arabic, Persian, French and Bulgarian. He wrote numerous books on history, law, grammar, linguistics, logic and astronomy. Early life Ahmed Cevdet Pasha was born in 1822 in Lofça, Ottoman Bulgaria, to a Turk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Tahir Münif Pasha
Mehmed Tahir Münif Pasha (1828-1910) was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman writer and statesman. A veteran official, he served thrice as Minister of Education (1877; 1878–1880 and 1885–1891) and twice as ambassador to Qajar Iran (1872–1877, and 1896–1897). During his first ambassadorship to Iran, he was awarded the Order of the Lion and the Sun medal. He also served as a trusted advisor to Sultan Abdul Hamid II, until he fell out of grace. He was responsible for establishing the ''Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye'' ("The Ottoman Scientific Society") and ''Mecmūa-i Fünūn'' ("Science Journal"). Münif Pasha was a Persophilia, Persophile and had long-standing involvement interacting with Iranian statesmen. Unlike most of his fellow Ottoman statesmen at the time, Münif strongly advocated for upholding closer relations with the Ottoman Empire's eastern neighbors, including Iran. However, although Münif Pasha admired Iranian culture and history and was interested in these subjects, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sadullah Pasha
Sadullah Pasha (1838 – 14 January 1891) was an Ottoman statesman in the late Tanzimat period. He is most notable as the Ottoman ambassador to Berlin following the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. Early life and career Sadullah Pasha was born in 1838 in Erzurum, as the son of Assad Muhlis Pasha. After completing his primary education he learned Arabic, Persian and French. He also took private lessons on French and Eastern literature. In 1853, he began to work for the state. First, he worked at the "Financial Wage Cattle". In 1856, he worked in the Translation Office. In 1866 he was appointed to the "Mezahib Kalemi". In 1868, he was made the "Chief of the Ministry of State Education". In 1870, he was made "Principal State Attache". From April 4, 1876, to May 30, 1876, he served as the Trade and Agriculture Minister. He along with Saffet Pasha was a representative of the Ottoman Empire at the Congress of Berlin, to determine the territories of the states in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
