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Ming Poetry
Ming poetry refers to the poetry of or typical of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). With over one million specimens of Ming poetry surviving today, the poetry of the Ming dynasty represents one of the major periods of Classical Chinese poetry, as well as an area of active modern academic research. Ming poetry (and Chinese art and literature in general) is marked by 2 transitional phases, the transition between the Yuan dynasty which was the predecessor to the Ming, and the Qing-Ming transition which eventually resulted in the succeeding Qing dynasty. Although in politico-dynastic terms, the dynastic leadership of China is historically relatively clear-cut, the poetic periods involved encompass the lifespans and works of poets whose lives and poetic output transcend both the end of one dynasty and the initiatory period of the next. Background Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, and upon its establishment, the Ming dynasty for much or most of its ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peach Festival Of The Queen Mother Of The West, 17th Century
The peach (''Prunus persica'') is a deciduous tree first domesticated and Agriculture, cultivated in China. It bears edible juicy fruits with various characteristics, most called peaches and the glossy-skinned, non-fuzzy varieties called nectarines. Peaches and #Nectarines, nectarines are the same species, though they are regarded commercially as different fruits. The tree is regarded as handsome and is planted in gardens for its springtime blooms in addition to fruit production. The peach tree is relatively short lived, usually not exceeding twenty years of age. However, the peach fruit is regarded as a symbol of longevity in several East Asian cultures. The specific name ''persica'' refers to its widespread cultivation in Persia (modern-day Iran), from where it was transplanted to Europe and in the 16th century to the Americas. It belongs to the genus ''Prunus'', which also includes the cherry, apricot, almond, and plum, and which is part of the Rosaceae, rose family. The p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Xianzu
Tang Xianzu ( zh, t=湯顯祖, s=汤显祖, first=t; September 24, 1550 – July 29, 1616), courtesy name Yireng (), was a Chinese playwright of the Ming Dynasty. Biography Tang was a native of Linchuan, Jiangxi and his career as an official consisted principally of low-level positions. He successfully participated in the provincial examinations ('' juren'') at the age of 21 and at the imperial examinations ('' jinshi'') at the age of 34. He held official positions in Nanjing, Zhejiang province, Guangdong province etc. After serving as the magistrate of Suichang, Zhejiang from 1593 to 1598, he retired in 1598 and returned to his hometown where he focused on writing. Tang died in 1616, the same year as famed English playwright William Shakespeare. His major plays are collectively called the ''Four Dreams'', because of the decisive role dreams play in the plot of each one. All of them are still performed (in scenes, or in adapted full versions) on the Chinese Kun opera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ōta Nanpo
was the most oft-used pen name of Ōta Tan, a late Edo-period Japanese poet and fiction writer. Ōta Nanpo wrote primarily in the comedic forms of '' kyōshi'', derived from comic Chinese verse, and '' kyōka'', derived from '' waka'' poetry. Ōta Nanpo's pennames also include , Yomo Sanjin, Kyōkaen, and . Born into a lower-status samurai family in Edo, Nanpo served the shogunate in various ways throughout his life. He began his literary career as a student of Chinese Ming-dynasty writings, and adapted traditional Chinese comic verse (called ''kyōshi'' in Japanese), under the mentorship of playwright Hiraga Gennai, to daily life in Edo. His first collection of work was called ''Neboke sensei bunshū'', or the Literary Works of Master Groggy. Nanpo soon began to write ''kyōka'', comic ''waka'' verses, as well. His popularity grew in the 1760s and 1770s, as a result of his down-to-earth subject matter and unabashed style. During this time he also wrote a number of works of p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Sanqu Poetry
''Sanqu'' () is a fixed-rhythm form of Classical Chinese poetry or "literary song".Crump (1990), 125 Specifically ''sanqu'' is a subtype of the '' qu'' formal type of poetry. ''Sanqu'' was a notable Chinese poetic form, possibly beginning in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234), but especially associated with the Yuan (1271–1368), Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1912) dynasties. The tonal patterns modeled on tunes drawn from folk songs or other music. Overview The ''sanqu'' were literary lyrics directly related to the ''zaju'' arias: these were dramatic lyrics written to fixed musical modes or metrical forms and could contain several aria or lyric song segments in one suite. ''Sanqu'', however, could be composed in single discrete sections. It is often said that the ''sanqu'' verses tend to reflect excess energies and resentments of contemporary disenfranchised Chinese literati, due to contemporary Jurchen and Mongol political domination. Often the poetry could be humorous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gu Mei
Gu Mei ( zh, t=顧媚, w=Ku Mei; 1619–1664), better known by her art name Gu Hengbo ( zh, t=顧橫波, w=Ku Heng-po) - also known as Xu Shanchi (徐善持) and Xu Zhizhu (徐智珠) after her marriage - was a Chinese Gējì, poet and painter. She received the title "Lady" (furen) from the early Qing court, and is often addressed as "Lady Hengbo" in Qing writings. Gu Hengbo was famous for both her beauty and her talent in painting and poetry. As such, she was considered an elite geji, alongside names like Dong Xiaowan, Bian Yujing, and Liu Rushi. She was admired for her paintings of orchids, and published a collection of poems which gained good critical reviews (although few of her works have survived). She was one of the Eight Beauties of Qinhuai described by late Qing officials. The other famed gejis of this group are Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing, Li Xiangjun, Dong Xiaowan, Liu Rushi, Kou Baimen, and Chen Yuanyuan.* Life Gu Hengbo was born near Nanjing in 1619. Before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dong Xiaowan
Dong Xiaowan (1624–1651), also known as Dong Bai, was a Chinese courtesan and poet, also known by her pen name Qinglian. Dong has been described as the famous courtesan of her time, known for her beauty and talent in singing, acting, needlework and the tea ceremony. She lived in Qinhuai District of Nanjing. Similar to other courtesans of the late Ming Dynasty, Dong's moral qualities were emphasised among her admirers more than her talents. She is one of the ''Eight Beauties of Qinhuai'' ( zh, c=秦淮八艳) described by late Qing officials. The other famed courtesans of this group are Ma Xianglan, Bian Yujing (), Li Xiangjun, Liu Rushi, Gu Mei, Kou Baimen (), and Chen Yuanyuan. Biography Dong Xiaowan was born in the "Dong's Embroidery Shop" in Suzhou City. This is a well-known Suzhou embroidery shop in Suzhou. Because of the fine work, the business has always been prosperous. The Dong family is a Suzhou embroidery family. It has a history of more than 200 years. At the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wang Wei (17th-century Poet)
Wang Wei (Traditional Chinese characters, Traditional Chinese: 王維; Simplified Chinese: 王维, pinyin: ''Wáng Wéi'', 699–761) was a Chinese musician, painter, poet, and politician of the middle Tang dynasty. He is regarded as one of the most distinguished Man of letters, men of arts and letters of his era. About 400 of his poems survived and 29 of them are included in the 18th-century anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems''. A large portion of his finest poems drew inspirations from the local landscape. Wang Wei is renowned for his dual talents as a nature poet and landscape painter. His poems were originally compiled and edited into a collection by his next-youngest brother, Wang Jin (Tang dynasty), Wang Jin, at imperial command. Of his paintings, no authenticated specimens survive, although there were evidence of his work through influences on later paintings and descriptive accounts. His musical talents were highly regarded; however, no compositions or music notes hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liu Rushi
Liu Rushi (; 1618–1664), also known as Yang Ai (楊愛), Liu Shi (柳是), Liu Yin (柳隱),Yang Yinlian (楊影憐) and Hedong Jun (河東君), was a Chinese Gējì, courtesan, poet and writer in the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty. She is one of the "Eight Beauties of Qinhuai" described by late Qing official Zhang Jingqi.* In addition to her creative works (many of which have survived) and independent spirit, she has been revered in later times for her unwavering love for her husband and for her country (the Ming) during the Ming–Qing transition. Historian Chen Yinke, who spent decades researching and writing about her, characterizes Liu Rushi as "a heroine, a belle, a wordsmith, and a patriot" (). Early life Liu Rushi was born in 1618. Her original surname was Yang and she was from Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Due to her poor family, she was sold to Guijia Yuan (归家院) who trained courtesans since she was a child. She was unfortunate in her childhood and her life ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gējì
''Geji'' () were female Chinese performing artists and courtesans who trained in singing and dancing in ancient China. During the Warring States Period, a legendary figure named Han'e is believed to be the first example of a geji. Recorded in the Taoist manuscript the ''Liezi'', Han'e is said to have traveled and made her living by singing. A popular idiom used to praise one's singing in Chinese was derived from the legend of Han'e. Like other entertainers in ancient China, geji had low social standing. Some geji contributed to the development of dance, poetry, painting and other arts and literature throughout China's history. During the Song and Tang Dynasty, geji would perform poems as songs, which helped the spread of ancient Chinese poems. Geji were primarily pursued for their artistic talents in singing, dancing, and literary arts; they also sometimes provided sexual services to their clients. In ancient China, music and sexual performance were intertwined; consequent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gao Bing
Gao Bing (高棅, 1350 to 1423), was a Chinese poetry anthologist and poet. A native of Fuzhou, he flourished during the newly established Ming dynasty (1368–1644) as an author and poetry theorist. Gao Bing collected and arranged Tang poetry-era poems and wrote commentary material upon them in a work published as the ''Graded Compendium of Tang Poetry'' (''Tangshi Pinhui'', 唐詩品彙), a seminal work using prosodic principles in a systematic method to classify poetry by Classical Chinese poetry forms Classical Chinese poetry forms are poetry forms or modes which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in Literary Chinese or Classical Chinese. Classical Chinese poetry has various characteristic forms, some attested to as early as the .... It contained 5,769 poems by 620 poets, along with notes and commentary.''The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature'', vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, 201 p. 11. The ''Tangshi Pinhui'' aimed in part to correct what Gao Bing saw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tang Poetry
Tang poetry () refers to poetry written in or around the time of or in the characteristic style of China's Tang dynasty, (June 18, 618 – June 4, 907, including the 690–705 reign of Wu Zetian) and/or follows a certain style, often considered as the Golden Age of Chinese poetry. The ''Complete Tang Poems'' includes over 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 authors. During the Tang dynasty, poetry continued to be an important part of social life at all levels of society. Scholars were required to master poetry for the civil service exams, but the art was theoretically available to everyone. This led to a large record of poetry and poets, a partial record of which survives today. The two most famous poets of the period were Li Bai and Du Fu. The Qing dynasty selection, ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', has made Tang poetry familiar to educated Chinese in modern times. Periodization The periodization scheme employed in this article is the one detailed by the Ming dynasty scholar Gao B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wen Zhengming
Wen Zhengming (28 November 1470 – 28 March 1559Wen Zhengming's epitaph by Huang Zuo indicate that he died on the 20th day of the 2nd month of the ''ji'wei'' year during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor. (嘉靖己未二月二十日，与严侍御杰书其母墓志，执笔而逝...)), born Wen Bi, was a Chinese Painting, painter, calligrapher, and poet during the Ming dynasty. He was regarded as one of the Four Masters of the Ming dynasty, Four Masters of Ming painting. Biography Wen Zhengming was born Wen Bi near present-day Suzhou on 28 November 1470. He would later be known by his courtesy name, Zhengming. He had an elder brother, Wen Gui, who was born in 1469. When Zhengming was two years old, his father, Wen Lin, passed the imperial examination with the highest possible rank, ''jinshi''. Wen Lin was assigned a government position as a magistrate in Yongjia County in Zhejiang province, and left for his job, leaving his two sons in the care of his wife, Qi Shenning. In 1476, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
