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Michael, Bulgarian Despot
Michael (, ''Mihail'') was a son of Emperor (tsar) Michael Asen III "Shishman" of Bulgaria (1323–1330), and probably his first wife, Ana, daughter of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia by Elizabeth of Hungary. He is attested solely in a fresco in the Church of the Holy Mother of God at Donja Kamenica, now in Serbia, which attests that he held the title of despot at some point after his father's accession in 1323. The various possibilities for the precise identification and chronological placement of the despot Michael carry significant implications for both the political history and social practice of medieval Bulgaria. Evidence The frescoes in the church at Donja Kamenica depict what is apparently a married couple, with the despot on the right and his wife on the left. Both wear elaborate crowns and clothing, possibly more ornate than those of others of their rank. The badly damaged inscription next to the despot reads "Despot Michael, in Christ the God faithful son of Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shishman Dynasty
The House of Shishman (), also referred to as the Shishmanids or Shishmanovtsi (), was a medieval Bulgarian dynasty of Turkic Cuman origin. The House of Shishman ruled the Second Bulgarian Empire from the proclamation of Michael Asen III as emperor in 1323 to the deposition of his son Ivan Stephen in 1331 whereafter rule fell to the House of Sratsimir, who were matrilineal descendants of the Shishmanids. The Shishmanids were matrilineally descended from the earlier Asen dynasty and may also have been related to the immediately preceding Terter dynasty. Family tree * Shishman of Vidin, Despot of Vidin ** Michael Asen III, Bulgarian emperor (1323–1330; also known as ''Michael Shishman'') *** Ivan Stephen, Bulgarian emperor (1330–1331) *** Shishman, exile in the Byzantine Empire *** Louis, exile in Naples *** Michael, Despot ** Belaur, Despot of Vidin ** Keratsa Petritsa, Empress of Bulgaria, married Sratsimir Sratsimir (; 1324–31) was a Bulgarian magnate with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petar Nikolov-Zikov
Petar Nikolov-Zikov (, born June 3, 1979) (or simply Petar Nikolov, ) is a Bulgarian political scientist, historian, politician, associate professor at New Bulgarian University and Deputy Minister of Education and Science in the third cabinet of Boyko Borissov. He refers to himself as a conservative and advocate for the "three pillars of conservative politics" – Christianity, patriotism and capitalism. He is also critical of the legal framework of abortion and same-sex marriage. Biography Petar Nikolov was born on June 3, 1979, in the family of his father Nikolay Nikolov-Zikov, who is an artist, and his mother, a doctor. In 1998, he graduated from the National School for Ancient Languages and Cultures; he then graduated as bachelor in political science at Sofia University (2002) and master of political management (2004). Nikolov has three daughters from his first marriage and a son from his second. Professional career Since 1999, Nikolov has been publishing article ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Deaths
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conque ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Births
The 14th century lasted from 1 January 1301 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCCI) to 31 December 1400 (MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of King Charles IV of France led to a claim to the French throne by King Edward III of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and the Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever established by a single conquero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgarian Princes
Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bulgarian culture * Bulgarian cuisine, a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe See also * * List of Bulgarians * Bulgarian name, names of Bulgarians * Bulgarian umbrella, an umbrella with a hidden pneumatic mechanism * Bulgar (other) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (other) The term Bulgarian-Serbian War or Serbian-Bulgarian War may refer to: * Bulgarian-Serbian War (839-842) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (853) * Bulgarian-Serbian wars (917-924) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (1330) * Bulgarian-Serbian War (1885) * Bulgarian ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lodovico Of Bulgaria
Lodovico (as attested in Italian sources; Latin ''Ludovicus''; , ''Ljudovik'') was a son of Emperor (tsar) Michael Shishman of Bulgaria, Michael Asen III "Šišman" of Bulgaria (1323–1330) and his first wife, Ana-Neda, Ana, daughter of King Stefan Uroš II Milutin of Serbia by Elizabeth of Hungary, Queen of Serbia, Elizabeth of Hungary. He may have borne a different name before becoming a catechumen and converting to Catholic Christianity. Although he has been variously identified with any of his three known brothers, Ivan Stephen of Bulgaria, Ivan Stephen, Shishman (son of Michael Shishman), Šišman, and Michael, Bulgarian despot, Michael, but was probably a distinct person. Recent research has established he is definitely distinct from Ivan Stephen. Early life Lodovico's father Michael Asen III, already semi-autonomous ruler of Vidin, came to the Bulgarian throne in 1323. He quickly divorced Lodovico's mother Ana to marry the Byzantine princess Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Sratsimir Of Bulgaria
Ivan Stratsimir (), was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria in Vidin from 1356 to 1396. He was born in 1324 or 1325, and he died in or after 1397. Despite being the eldest surviving son of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, Ivan Alexander, Ivan Sratsimir was disinherited in favour of his half-brother Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria, Ivan Shishman and proclaimed himself emperor in Vidin. When the Hungarians attacked and occupied his domains, he received assistance from his father and the invaders were driven away. After the death of Ivan Alexander in 1371 Ivan Sratsimir broke off ties with Tarnovo and even placed the archbishop of Vidin under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Patriarchate of Constantinople to demonstrate his independence. Due to its geographical position, Vidin was initially safe from attacks by the Ottoman Empire, Ottomans who were ravaging the Balkans to the south and Ivan Sratsimir made no attempts to assist Ivan Shishman in his struggle against the O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikephoros Gregoras
Nicephorus Gregoras (; Greek: , ''Nikēphoros Grēgoras''; c. 1295 – 1360) was a Byzantine Greek astronomer, historian, and theologian. His 37-volume ''Roman History'', a work of erudition, constitutes a primary documentary source for the 14th century. Life Gregoras was born at Heraclea Pontica, where he was raised and educated by his uncle, John, who was the Bishop of Heraclea. At an early age he settled at Constantinople, where his uncle introduced him to Andronicus II Palaeologus, by whom he was appointed '' chartophylax'' (keeper of the archives). In 1326 Gregoras proposed (in a treatise which remains in existence) certain reforms in the calendar, which the emperor refused to carry out for fear of disturbances; over two hundred years later they were introduced by Gregory XIII on almost the same lines. Downfall of Andronicus II When Andronicus was dethroned (1328) by his grandson Andronicus III Palaeologus, Gregoras shared his downfall and retired into private life ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul. Initially as New Rome, Constantinople was founded in 324 during the reign of Constantine the Great on the site of the existing settlement of Byzantium, and shortly thereafter in 330 became the capital of the Roman Empire. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Although the city had been known as Istanbul since 1453, it was officially renamed as Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria-Irene Palaiologina
Irene Palaiologina (; 1327 – 1376/77) was a Byzantine princess and Bulgarian empress consort.Georgios Phrantzes Liber I, 8, p. 39. She was also known as Maria Palaiologina (Μαρία Παλαιολογίνα). Her parents were Andronikos III Palaiologos and Anna of Savoy, whilst her siblings were John V Palaiologos and Michael Palaiologos. She married in 1336 Tsar Michael Asen IV of Bulgaria. In 1355, her husband was killed in battle with the Ottoman Turks near Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Is .... By 1356 she was married to Francesco I Gattilusio. They had: *Andronico Gattilusio (c. 1356 – 6 August 1384). *Domenico Gattilusio (c. 1358 – 6 August 1384). * Francesco II Gattilusio (c. 1365 – 26 October 1404) She died around 1376/77, and was buried in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michael Asen IV Of Bulgaria
Michail Asen () (–1355) was the eldest son of Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria from his marriage with Theodora of Wallachia. After his father acceded to the throne in 1331, the young prince was proclaimed co-Emperor. He was to succeed his father under the name Michael IV Asen. The heir to the throne was the pride of the royal family and was said to possess "all virtues". He married Maria, renamed Irina, the daughter of Andronikos III Palaiologos. In 1354–1355 the Ottoman Turks invaded Bulgaria and headed towards Plovdiv and Sofia Sofia is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, largest city of Bulgaria. It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the western part of the country. The city is built west of the Is .... It is mentioned in an anonymous Bulgarian chronicle that Michail Asen gathered the Bulgarians and engaged the Turks near Sofia. The Bulgarians suffered heavy casualties including Michail himself. But the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belaur
Belaur () (died 1336) was a Bulgarian noble and '' despot'' of Vidin and brother of the Bulgarian Emperor Michael Shishman (1323–1330). The son of Shishman of Vidin, he was among the most elaborate Balkan diplomats of his time. Plamen Pavlov interprets Belaur's name as stemming from the Hungarian personal name ''Béla'' and the title ''ur'' ("prince"). It may also come from Balaur, a mythical dragon in Vlach/ Romanian culture, the dragon was supposedly also revered in Cuman culture, cf. Kipchak "uran, ewren". Vlach-Cuman cultural interactions are known through the Cuman origin of the Basarab dynasty and the Vlach identification of the Asenid dynasty, named after the founder of the dynasty, Bilgun Asen, who carries a Cuman name and title. He participated in the campaign of Michael Shishman against the Serbs in the unfortunate battle of Velbazhd. He was in command of the reserve together with the ''despot'' of Lovech Ivan Alexander and did not participate in the battle. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
