|
Methylobacterium Mesophilicum
''Methylobacterium mesophilicum'' is a Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium, reported to be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocomprimised patients. '' Methylobacteria'' are typically slow-growing and produce pink-pigmented colonies. Pink pigmentation is the primary diagnostic characteristic used in the initial isolation of ''Methylobacteria''. With extended incubation, pink colonies often take on a coral hue. ''M. mesophilicum'' and ''M. zatmanii'' are the two most commonly reported species isolated in clinical samples. Methylobacteria have been reported to exhibit resistance to chlorination and have been isolated from tap water in various clinical settings including: an investigation of a pseudo-outbreak, water from dental units, and blood purification units. Tap water is a suspected mode of transmission. The presence of these organisms in tap water prompted suggestions that it may be helpful to monitor these organisms in water distribution systems in hospital A hos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner ( cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer membrane. These bacteria are found in all environments that support life on Earth. Within this category, notable species include the model organism '' Escherichia coli'', along with various pathogenic bacteria, such as '' Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', '' Chlamydia trachomatis'', and '' Yersinia pestis''. They pose significant challenges in the medical field due to their outer membrane, which acts as a protective barrier against numerous antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and the antimicrobial enzyme lysozyme produced by animals as part of their innate immune system. Furthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterium
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in mutualistic, commensal and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of"), in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a Germ theory of disease, germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or Transmission (medicine), transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromise, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that affect the patient's immune system. Examples of these extrinsic factors include HIV infection and environmental factors, such as nutrition. Immunocompromisation may also be due to genetic diseases/flaws such as SCID. In clinical settings, immunosuppression by some drugs, such as steroids, can either be an adverse effect or the intended purpose of the treatment. Examples of such use is in organ transplant surgery as an anti- rejection measure and in patients with an overactive immune system, as in autoimmune diseases. Some people are born with intrinsic defects in their immune system, or primary immunodeficiency. A person who has an immunodeficiency of any kind is said to be immunocompromised. An immunocompromised individual may par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylobacterium
''Methylobacterium'' is a genus of bacteria, also designated as Pink-Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFMs). ''Methylobacterium'' is commonly found in soil, water, and particularly in association with the phyllosphere, the aerial part of plants. ''Methylobacterium'' is characterized by its ability to metabolize one-carbon compounds like methanol released by plant leaves. ''Methylobacterium'' plays key roles in nutrient cycling and plant-microbe interactions, often promoting plant growth and resilience through hormone production and stress mitigation. ''Methylobacterium'' is a model in biotechnology, already used commercially for protein production, bioremediation, and as a biostimulant in agriculture. ''Methylobacterium'' has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets. In March 2021, a new species, named '' Methylobacterium ajmalii'',LPSNSpecies ''Methylobacterium ajm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coral (color)
The various tones of the color coral are orange, red and pink representations of the colors of those cnidarians known as precious corals. The web color coral is a shade of orange. It is displayed adjacent. Other modern color schemes use different shades of orange or red. The first recorded use of ''coral'' as a color name in English was in 1513. Variations of coral Coral red The color coral red is displayed next to tis . Coral pink The color coral pink is displayed adjacent, a pinkish color. The complementary color of coral pink is teal. The first recorded use of ''coral pink'' as a color name in English was in 1892. Late in 2016, the color sample was renamed Coral Red by Pantone, as the RGB, hex and HTML color table showed the same color as being reddish, standing against popular belief of pinkish. Still today, some people call coral red "coral pink" due to this old attribution. The normalized color coordinates for coral pink are identical to Congo pink, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Chlorination
Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill bacteria, viruses and other microbes in water. In particular, chlorination is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. History In a paper published in 1894, it was formally proposed to add chlorine to water to render it "germ-free". Two other authorities endorsed this proposal and published it in many other papers in 1895. Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany. In 1897 the town of Maidstone, England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine. Permanent water chlorination began in 1905, when a faulty slow sand filter and a contaminated water supply caused a serious typhoid fever epidemic in Lincoln, England. Alexander Cruickshank Houston used chlorination of the water to stop the epidem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Journal Of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
The ''European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases'' is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. It was established in 1982 as the ''European Journal of Clinical Microbiology'' obtaining its current title in 1987. The founding editor was Ilja Braveny. The editor-in-chief is Laurent Poirel. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2013 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a type of journal ranking. Journals with higher impact factor values are considered more prestigious or important within their field. The Impact Factor of a journa ... of 2.544, ranking it 37th out of 72 journals in the category "Infectious Diseases" and 55th out of 119 journals in the category "Microbiology". References Further readi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tap Water
Tap water (also known as running water, piped water or municipal water) is water supplied through a Tap (valve), tap, a water dispenser valve. In many countries, tap water usually has the quality of drinking water. Tap water is commonly used for drinking, cooking, and washing. Indoor tap water is distributed through indoor plumbing, which has been around since History of plumbing, antiquity but was available to very few people until the second half of the 19th century when it began to spread in popularity in what are now developed country, developed countries. Tap water became common in many regions during the 20th century, and is now lacking mainly among people in poverty, especially in developing country, developing countries. Governmental agencies commonly regulate Drinking water quality standards, tap water quality. Calling a water supply "tap water" distinguishes it from the other main types of fresh water which may be available; these include water from Rainwater harvesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transmission (medicine)
In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing Infectious disease, communicable disease from an infected host (biology), host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one individual to another by one or more of the following means: * airborne transmission – very small dry and wet particles that stay in the air for long periods of time allowing airborne contamination even after the departure of the host. Particle size 5 μm. * direct physical contact – touching an infected individual, including sexual contact * indirect physical contact – usually by touching a contaminated surface, including soil (fomite) * fecal–oral route, fecal–oral transmission – usually from unwashed hands, contaminated food or water sources due to lack of sanitation and hygiene, an important tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hospital
A hospital is a healthcare institution providing patient treatment with specialized Medical Science, health science and auxiliary healthcare staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with many beds for intensive care and additional beds for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include trauma centers, rehabilitation hospitals, children's hospitals, geriatric hospitals, and hospitals for specific medical needs, such as psychiatric hospitals for psychiatry, psychiatric treatment and other disease-specific categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals. Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the sources of income received. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomicrobiales
The Hyphomicrobiale' (synonym Rhizobiales) are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families '' Nitrobacteraceae'', '' Hyphomicrobiaceae'', '' Phyllobacteriaceae'', and '' Rhizobiaceae'' contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera '' Bradyrhizobium'' and ''Rhizobium''. Species of the '' Methylocystaceae'' are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens '' Bartonella'' and ''Brucella'', as well as ''Agrobacterium,'' an important tool in genetic engineering. Taxonomy Accepted families * '' Aestuariivirgaceae'' Li ''et al''. 2019 * '' Afifellaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ahrensiaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Alsobacteraceae'' Sun ''et al''. 2018 * '' Amorphaceae'' Hör ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
