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Meloidogyne Incognita
''Meloidogyne incognita'' (root-knot nematode - RKN), also known as the "southern root-nematode" or "cotton root-knot nematode" is a plant-parasitic roundworm in the family Heteroderidae. This nematode is one of the four most common species worldwide and has numerous hosts. It typically incites large, usually irregular galls on roots as a result of parasitism. ''Meloidogyne incognita'' can move along shallower temperature gradients (0.001C/cm) than any other known organism, an example of thermotaxis. The response is complicated and thought to allow the nematodes to move toward an appropriate level in soil, while they search for chemical cues that can guide them to specific roots.Diez and Dusenbery. 1989. Repellent of root-knot nematodes from the exudate of host roots. J. Chem. Ecol. 15:2445-2455. Distribution ''Meloidogyne incognita'' is widely spread around the globe and found in many different soil types. Host ''Meloidogyne incognita'' is probably the most economically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heteroderidae
''Heteroderidae'' is a family of nematodes. The name comes from the Greek heteros = other and deras = skin (derm). This "refers to the different 'skins' of female and cyst."Tylenchida: Parasites of Plants and Insects, 2nd ed., by Mohammad Rafiq Siddiqi Genetics GenBank has unusually extensive coverage of Heteroderidae internal transcribed spacers, most of which has been generated by Sergei Subbotin and collaborators (Subbotin et al. 1999, Clapp et al. 2000, Subbotin et al. 2000, Zeng et al. 2000, Subbotin et al. 2001, Amiri & Subbotin 2002, Subbotin et al. 2003). In total over of described Heteroderidae have some ITS data in GenBank. Overall Subbotin et al. find the preexisting taxonomy to fit very well with these sequences, with some room for further diversification of recognized species to fit this new molecular evidence. References Tylenchida Plant pathogenic nematodes Nematode families {{agri-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermotaxis
Thermotaxis is a behavior in which an organism directs its locomotion up or down a gradient of temperature. Lab research has determined that some slime molds and small nematodes (namely Meloidogyne incognita) can migrate along amazingly shallow temperature gradients of less than 0.1C/cm and sometimes as low as 0.001C/cm. Theoretical analysis indicates that even this impressive feat is far from pushing the limits set by thermal noise. The natural environment always contains temperature gradients that organisms could respond to, if it were useful. The response of the slime mold and nematode is complicated and thought to allow them to move toward an appropriate level in soil.Dusenbery, David B. (1996). “Life at Small Scale”, pp. 101-109. Scientific American Library, New York. . Recent research suggests that mammalian sperm employ thermotaxis to move to an appropriate location in the female's oviduct (see Sperm guidance Sperm guidance is the process by which sperm cells (spermato ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plant-parasitic Nematode
280px, Feeding types of plant-parasitic nematodes This article is an attempt to list all agricultural pest nematodes. Species are sorted in alphabetical order of Latin name. A * ''Achlysiella williamsi'' * ''Anguina agrostis'' * '' Anguina amsinckiae'' * ''Anguina australis'' * ''Anguina balsamophila'' * ''Anguina funesta'' * '' Anguina graminis'' * ''Anguina spermophaga'' * ''Anguina tritici'' * '' Aphelenchoides arachidis'' * ''Aphelenchoides besseyi'' * ''Aphelenchoides fragariae'' * '' Aphelenchoides parietinus'' * '' Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi'' * '' Aphelenchoides subtenuis'' B * '' Belonolaimus gracilis'' * '' Belonolaimus longicaudatus'' C * ''Craspedonema elegans'' D * ''Ditylenchus africanus'' * ''Ditylenchus angustus'' * ''Ditylenchus destructor'' * ''Ditylenchus dipsaci'' * ''Dolichodorus heterocephalus'' G * ''Globodera pallida'' * ''Globodera rostochiensis'' * ''Globodera tabacum'' H * ''Helicotylenchus dihystera'' * ''Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Root-knot Nematode
There are many plant-parasitic species in the root-knot nematode genus (''Meloidogyne'') that attack coffee such as '' M. incognita'', '' M. arenaria'', '' M. exigua'', '' M. javanica'' and '' M. coffeicola''. Study has already shown interspecific variability coffee, in which show how this species can be adapting to new hosts and environments. Morphology and anatomy ''Meloidogyne exigua'' females are small with medium stylet (12–14 µm) and strong basal knobs.Carneiro, M.D. G. & Cofcewicz, T. E. 2008. Taxonomy of Coffee-Parasitic root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. In: Souza, R. M (Ed). Plant-Parasitic nematodes of coffee. Campos dos Goytacazes, BR, springer, PP. 87–122. This genus has sexual dimorphism; females are swollen and males keep vermiform as adults. The female has a pear shape when swollen. It is not possible differentiate one species from other on coffee in the field due to coffee being a host of several species of ''Meloidogyne''. ''M. exigua'' can be foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Pest Nematodes
280px, Feeding types of plant-parasitic nematodes This article is an attempt to list all agricultural pest nematodes. Species are sorted in alphabetical order of Latin name. A * ''Achlysiella williamsi'' * ''Anguina agrostis'' * '' Anguina amsinckiae'' * ''Anguina australis'' * ''Anguina balsamophila'' * ''Anguina funesta'' * '' Anguina graminis'' * ''Anguina spermophaga'' * '' Anguina tritici'' * '' Aphelenchoides arachidis'' * ''Aphelenchoides besseyi'' * '' Aphelenchoides fragariae'' * '' Aphelenchoides parietinus'' * '' Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi'' * '' Aphelenchoides subtenuis'' B * ''Belonolaimus gracilis'' * ''Belonolaimus longicaudatus'' C * ''Craspedonema elegans'' D * ''Ditylenchus africanus'' * ''Ditylenchus angustus'' * '' Ditylenchus destructor'' * ''Ditylenchus dipsaci'' * ''Dolichodorus heterocephalus'' G * '' Globodera pallida'' * '' Globodera rostochiensis'' * '' Globodera tabacum'' H * ''Helicotylenchus dihystera'' * ''Hemicriconemoides kanayaens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grape Pest Nematodes
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus ''Vitis''. Grapes are a non- climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters. The cultivation of grapes began perhaps 8,000 years ago, and the fruit has been used as human food over history. Eaten fresh or in dried form (as raisins, currants and sultanas), grapes also hold cultural significance in many parts of the world, particularly for their role in winemaking. Other grape-derived products include various types of jam, juice, vinegar and oil. History The Middle East is generally described as the homeland of grape and the cultivation of this plant began there 6,000–8,000 years ago. Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the discovery of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotton Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of cotton (''Gossypium'' spp.). Bacterial diseases '' Xanthomonas citri'' Inner boll rot - ''Pantoea dispersa''Nagrale, D. T, Gawande, S. P, Gokte-Narkhedkar, N., & Waghmare, V. N. (2020). Association of phytopathogenic ''Pantoea dispersa'' inner boll rot of cotton (''Gossypium hirsutum'' L.) in Maharashtra state, India. European journal of plant pathology, 158, 251-260. doi: 10.1007/s10658-020-02071-0 Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral diseases (Also uncharacterized graft transmissible pathogens TP Phytoplasmal and spiroplasmal diseases References {{reflistCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Cotton Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus ''Gossypium'' in the mallow family Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose, and can contain minor perce ... Cotton diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
