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Melaspilea Atroides
''Melaspilea'' is a genus of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the family Melaspileaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1857. The taxonomy of the genus has undergone significant revision based on molecular phylogenetics studies. Historically, ''Melaspilea'' was considered a heterogeneous assemblage of fungi with uncertain taxonomic placement. The genus was provisionally placed in the class Arthoniomycetes, but had also been included in various higher-level groups such as Graphidales, Patellariaceae, and Buelliaceae by different researchers. Modern molecular studies have shown that ''Melaspilea'' is polyphyletic, meaning that species traditionally placed in this genus actually belong to two main evolutionary lineages within the Dothideomycetes: *Eremithallales lineage: This includes ''Melaspilea'' in the strict sense. The family Melaspileaceae is now placed in the order Eremithallales, with Eremithallaceae consid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melaspilea Ochrothalamia
''Melaspilea'' is a genus of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the family Melaspileaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander (botanist), William Nylander in 1857. The taxonomy (biology), taxonomy of the genus has undergone significant revision based on molecular phylogenetics studies. Historically, ''Melaspilea'' was considered a heterogeneous assemblage of fungi with uncertain taxonomic placement. The genus was provisionally placed in the class Arthoniomycetes, but had also been included in various higher-level groups such as Graphidales, Patellariaceae, and Buelliaceae by different researchers. Modern molecular studies have shown that ''Melaspilea'' is polyphyletic, meaning that species traditionally placed in this genus actually belong to two main evolutionary lineage (evolution), lineages within the Dothideomycetes: *Eremithallales lineage: This includes ''Melaspilea'' in the strict sense. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. [Source for pronunciation.] It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthetic plants, and Xenarthra#Evolutionary relationships, edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melaspilea Amota
''Melaspilea'' is a genus of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi in the family Melaspileaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by the Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1857. The taxonomy of the genus has undergone significant revision based on molecular phylogenetics studies. Historically, ''Melaspilea'' was considered a heterogeneous assemblage of fungi with uncertain taxonomic placement. The genus was provisionally placed in the class Arthoniomycetes, but had also been included in various higher-level groups such as Graphidales, Patellariaceae, and Buelliaceae by different researchers. Modern molecular studies have shown that ''Melaspilea'' is polyphyletic, meaning that species traditionally placed in this genus actually belong to two main evolutionary lineages within the Dothideomycetes: *Eremithallales lineage: This includes ''Melaspilea'' in the strict sense. The family Melaspileaceae is now placed in the order Eremithallales, with Eremithallaceae consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Temperate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of the Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout the year and more distinct seasonal changes compared to tropical climates, where such variations are often small; they usually differ only in the amount of precipitation. In temperate climates, not only do latitude, latitudinal positions influence temperature changes, but various sea currents, prevailing wind direction, continentality (how large a landmass is) and altitude also shape temperate climates. The Köppen climate classification defines a climate as "temperate" C, when the mean temperature is above but below in the coldest month to account for the persistence of frost. However, some adaptations of Köppen set the minimum at . Continental climate, Continental climates are classified as D and considered to be varie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's axial tilt; the width of the tropics (in latitude) is twice the tilt. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). Due to the overhead sun, the tropics receive the most solar energy over the course of the year, and consequently have the highest temperatures on the planet. Even when not directly overhead, the sun is still close to overhead throughout the year, therefore the tropics also have the lowest seasonal variation on the planet; "winter" and "summer" lose their temperature contrast. Instead, seasons are more commonly divided by precipitation variations than by temperature variations. The tropics maintain wide diversity of local climates, such as rain forests, monsoons, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corticolous Lichen
A corticolous lichen is a lichen that grows on bark.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (a-f), Alan Silverside/ref> This is contrasted with lignicolous lichen, which grows on wood that has had the bark stripped from it,Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (g-o), Alan Silverside/ref> and saxicolous lichen, which grows on rock.Alan Silverside's Lichen Glossary (p-z), Alan Silverside/ref> Examples of corticolous lichens include the crustose lichen Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichen ... '' Graphis plumierae'', foliose lichen '' Melanohalea subolivacea'' and the fruticose '' Bryoria fuscescens''.Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands celandic Institute of Natural History(1996). Válisti 1: Plöntur.' (in Icelandic) Reykjavík: Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands. See also * Phyllopsora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from , and . Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ..., ''hyaline'' denotes a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphyses
Paraphyses are erect sterile filament-like support structures occurring among the reproductive apparatuses of fungi, ferns, bryophytes and some thallophytes. The singular form of the word is paraphysis. In certain fungi, they are part of the fertile spore-bearing layer. More specifically, paraphyses are sterile filamentous hyphal end cells composing part of the hymenium of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota interspersed among either the asci or basidia respectively, and not sufficiently differentiated to be called cystidia A cystidium (: cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that are o ..., which are specialized, swollen, often protruding cells. The tips of paraphyses may contain the pigments which colour the hymenium. In ferns and mosses, they are filament-like structures that are found on sporangi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asterinales
Asterinales is an order of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes Dothideomycetes is the largest and most diverse class of ascomycete fungi. It comprises 11 orders 90 families, 1,300 genera and over 19,000 known species. Wijayawardene et al. in 2020 added more orders to the class. Traditionally, most of it .... It contains ten families according to the 2021 work "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa", each of which is listed with the number of genera it contains: * Asterinaceae (18) * Asterotexaceae (1) * Cylindrohyalosporaceae (1) * Hemigraphaceae (1) * Lembosiaceae (2) * Melaspileellaceae (1) * Morenoinaceae (1) * Neobueliellaceae (1) * Oblongohyalosporaceae (1) * Stictographaceae (5) References Dothideomycetes Ascomycota orders {{Dothideomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trentepohlia (alga)
''Trentepohlia'' is a genus of filamentous chlorophyte green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae, living free on terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens. The filaments of ''Trentepohlia'' often have a strong orange colour (photograph at right) caused by the presence of large quantities of carotenoid pigments which mask the green of the chlorophyll. Nomenclature Organisms belonging to the genus ''Trentepohlia'' were first described by Linnaeus in 1759; he named his species ''Byssus aureus'' (currently known as ''Trentepohlia aurea''). The genus was circumscribed by Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in Fl. Crypt. Erlang. on page 351 in 1817. The genus name of ''Trentepohlia'' is in honour of Johann Friedrich Trentepohl (1748–1806), who was a German clergyman and botanist. He worked as a lecturer and Pastor in various places in Wesermarsch. Martius' name was conserved in favor of the moss genus ''Trentepohlia'' and the Brassicaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
