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Medieval Ships
Medieval ships were the vessels used in Europe during the Middle Ages. Like ships from Ancient history, antiquity, they were moved by sails, oars, or a combination of the two. There was a large variety, mostly based on much older, conservative designs. Although wider and more frequent communications within Europe meant exposure to a variety of improvements, experimental failures were costly and rarely attempted. Ships in the north were influenced by Viking vessels, while those in the south by classical or Roman vessels. However, there was technological change. The different traditions used different construction methods; clinker-built, clinker in the north, Carvel (boat building), carvel in the south. By the end of the period, carvel construction would come to dominate the building of large ships. The period would also see a shift from the steering oar or side rudder to the stern rudder and the development from single-masted to multi-masted ships. As the area is connected by water, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese People
The Portuguese people ( – masculine – or ''Portuguesas'') are a Romance languages, Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation Ethnic groups in Europe, indigenous to Portugal, a country that occupies the west side of the Iberian Peninsula in Southern Europe, south-west Europe, who share Culture of Portugal, culture, ancestry and Portuguese language, language. The Portuguese state began with the founding of the County of Portugal in 868. Following the Battle of São Mamede (1128), Portugal gained international recognition as a Kingdom of Portugal, kingdom through the Treaty of Zamora and the papal bull Manifestis Probatum. This Portuguese state paved the way for the Portuguese people to unite as a nation. The Portuguese Portuguese maritime exploration, explored Hic sunt Dracones, distant lands previously unknown to Europeans—in the Americas, Africa, Asia and Oceania (southwest Pacific Ocean). In 1415, with the conquest of Ceuta, the Portuguese took a significant role in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gribshunden
''Gribshunden'' or ''Griffen'' (English language, English: "Griffin-Hound" or "Griffin"), also known by several variant names including ''Gribshund'', ''Gripshunden'', ''Gripshund'', ''Griff'', and ''Griffone'', was a Denmark, Danish warship, the flagship of Hans (John, King of Denmark, John), King of Denmark (r. 1481–1513).Lars Einarsson and Björn Wallbom, "FORTSATTA MARINARKEOLOGISKA UNDERSÖKNINGAR ''av ett fartygsvrak beläget vid St. Ekö'' Ronneby kommun, Blekinge län (Kalmar läns museum UV/marinarkeologi 2002)Johan Rönnby, Niklas Eriksson, Ingvar Sjöblom, Joakim Holmlund, Mikael Björk. (2015) Blekinge Museum Rapport 2015:21 Gribshunden (1495) Skeppsvrak vid Stora Ekön, Ronneby, Blekinge Marinarkeologisk undersökning 2013–2015 (MARIS Södertörns högskola/Blekinge museum) ''Gribshunden'' sank in 1495 after an explosion while in the Baltic Sea off the coast of Ronneby in southeastern Sweden; the ship is one of the best-preserved shipwreck, wrecks yet discovered f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
São Gabriel (ship)
''São Gabriel'' was a Portuguese carrack and the flagship of Vasco da Gama's armada on his first voyage to India in 1497–1499. The other three ships Velho indicated that the sources agreed that the armada contained four ships, but there was disagreement about the names. These were the other three ships according to him: * ''São Rafael'': The sister ship of ''São Gabriel'', built by the same builder at the same time for the same purpose. It was of similar dimensions as ''São Gabriel''. Paulo da Gama, Vasco's brother, was the captain, other people include João de Coimbra, pilot, and João de Sá, clerk. * ''Bérrio'', also known as ''São Miguel'': This caravel was named after its former owner. Only carrying lateen sails, it was the smallest and swiftest of the convoy with a tonnage of 50–90 t. Key people were: Nicolau Coelho, captain, Pedro Escobar pilot, and Álvaro de Braga, clerk. * A supply ship, name ''São Miguel'': The ship was a carrack of about 110 or 200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasco Da Gama
Vasco da Gama ( , ; – 24 December 1524), was a Portuguese explorer and nobleman who was the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India, first European to reach India by sea. Da Gama's first voyage (1497–1499) was the first to link Europe and Asia using an Cape Route, ocean route that rounded the southern tip of Africa. This route allowed the Portuguese to avoid sailing across the highly disputed Mediterranean Sea and traversing the dangerous Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Peninsula. A milestone in Portuguese maritime exploration, this voyage marked the beginning of a sea-based phase of international trade and an age of global imperialism. The Portuguese later established a Portuguese Empire, long-lasting colonial empire along the route from Africa to Asia. The outward and return voyages constituted the longest known ocean voyages ever completed. Sailors had been trying to reach the Indies for decades, with thousands of lives and dozens of vessels lost in shipwrecks and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa María (ship)
''La Santa María de la Inmaculada Concepción'' ( ), or ''La Santa María'' (), originally ''La Gallega'' (), was the largest of the three small ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first expedition across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, with the backing of the Spanish monarchs. Her master and owner was Juan de la Cosa. History ''Santa María'' was built in Pontevedra, Galicia. ''Santa María'' was a medium-sized commercial nau or carrack, about long on deck, and according to Juan Escalante de Mendoza in 1575, ''Santa María'' was "''very little larger than'' 100 toneladas" (about 100 tons, or tuns) burthen, or burden, and was used as the flagship for the expedition. ''Santa María'' had a single deck and three small masts. The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the smaller caravel-type ships ''Santa Clara''; one particular ship sailed for 46 years and was remembered as ''La Niña'' ("''The Girl''"), and ''La Pinta'' ("''The Painted''"). All these ships w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carrack
A carrack (; ; ) is a three- or four- masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal and Spain. Evolving from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealth of the trade between Europe and Africa and then the trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas. In their most advanced forms, they were used by the Portuguese and Spaniards for trade between Europe, Africa and Asia starting in the late 15th century, before being gradually superseded in the late 16th and early 17th centuries by the galleon. In its most developed form, the carrack was a carvel-built ocean-going ship: large enough to be stable in heavy seas, and capacious enough to carry a large cargo and the provisions needed for very long voyages. The later carracks were square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen- rigged on the mizzenma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinta (ship)
A ship built in medieval Spain in 1441, known as ''La Pinta'' ( Spanish for ''The Painted One'', ''The Look'', or ''The Spotted One'') was the fastest of the three Spanish ships used by Christopher Columbus in his first transatlantic voyage in 1492. The New World was first sighted by Rodrigo de Triana aboard ''La Pinta'' on 12 October 1492. The owner of ''La Pinta'' was Cristóbal Quintero. The Quintero brothers were ship owners from Palos. The owner of the ship allowed Martín Alonso Pinzón to take over the ship so he could keep an eye on her. ''La Pinta'' was a caravel-type vessel. By tradition, Spanish ships were named after saints and usually given nicknames. Thus, ''La Pinta'', like ''La Niña'', was not the ship's actual name; ''La Niña's'' actual name was the ''Santa Clara''. The '' Santa María'''s original nickname was ''La Gallega''. The actual original name of ''La Pinta'' is unknown. The origin of the ship is disputed but is believed to have been built in Spain i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niña (ship)
''La Niña'' (Spanish for ''The Girl'') was one of the three Spanish ships used by Italian explorer Christopher Columbus in his first voyage to the West Indies in 1492. As was tradition for Spanish ships of the day, she bore a female saint's name, ''Santa Clara''. However, she was commonly referred to by her nickname, ''La Niña'' ('The Little Girl'), which was probably a pun on the name of her owner, Juan Niño of Moguer ('Niño', his surname, meaning 'Little Boy'). She was a standard caravel-type vessel. The other ships of the Columbus expedition were the caravel-type and the carrack-type . ''Niña'' was by far Columbus's favorite. She was originally lateen sail rigged ''caravela latina'', but she was re-rigged as a ''caravela redonda'' at Las Palmas, in the Canary Islands, with square sails for better ocean performance. There is no authentic documentation on the specifics of ''Niña''s design, although Michele de Cuneo, who accompanied Columbus on his second voyage, mention ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lateen Rigged
A lateen (from French ''latine'', meaning "Latin") or latin-rig is a triangular sail set on a long yard mounted at an angle on the mast, and running in a fore-and-aft direction. The settee can be considered to be an associated type of the same overall category of sail. The lateen originated in the Mediterranean as early as the 2nd century AD, during Roman times, and became common there by the 5th century. The wider introduction of lateen rig at this time coincided with a reduction in the use of the Mediterranean square rig of the classical era. Since the performance of these two rigs is broadly similar, it is suggested that the change from one to the other was on cost grounds, since lateen rigs used fewer components and had less cordage to be replaced when it wore out. Arab seafarers adopted the lateen rig at a later datethere is some limited archaeological evidence of lateen rig in the Indian Ocean in the 13th century AD and iconographic evidence from the 16th century. It has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Square Rigged
Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which a sailing vessel's primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars that are perpendicular (or square) to the median plane of the keel and masts of the vessel. These spars are called and their tips, outside the lifts, are called the . A ship mainly rigged so is called a square-rigger. In " Jackspeak" (Royal Navy slang), it also refers to the dress uniform of Junior Ratings. History Single sail square rigs were used by the ancient Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, and the Celts. Later the Scandinavians, the Germanic peoples, and the Slavs adopted the single square-rigged sail, with it becoming one of the defining characteristics of the classic “Viking” ships.The Viking ship's single square-rigged sail. http://Longshipco.org/sail.html Retrieved 2018-8-20 See also * Glossary of nautical terms (A-L) * Glossary of nautical terms (M-Z) * Fore-and-aft rig A fore-and-aft rig is a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
