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Media Of Azerbaijan
The mass media in Azerbaijan refers to mass media outlets based in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Television, magazines, and newspapers are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. History The History of Azerbaijani media and press has several stages: the press published under tsar Russian rule which starts from 1832 and lasts until 1917, the press during the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic which covers 1918–1920, the press during the Soviet Union from 1920 to 1991, emigration press, and the press since independence to the present day. The history of the first Azerbaijani media dates back to 1875 when " Akinchi" ("''Əkinçi''" in the original, meaning "''Cultivator''", "''Farmworke''r") was first published by Hasan Bey Zardabi. The peculiarity of the journal was that it was the first ever published media in Azerbaijani. Azerbaijani people have struggled a lot to have their natio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Language
Polish (, , or simply , ) is a West Slavic languages, West Slavic language of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic subgroup, within the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, and is written in the Latin script. It is primarily spoken in Poland and serves as the official language of the country, as well as the language of the Polish diaspora around the world. In 2024, there were over 39.7 million Polish native speakers. It ranks as the sixth-most-spoken among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional Dialects of Polish, dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction pronouns, Honorifics (linguistics), honorifics, and various forms of formalities when addressing individuals. The traditional 32-letter Polish alphabet has nine additions (, , , , , , , , ) to the letters of the basic 26-letter Latin alphabet, while removing three (x, q, v). Those three letters are at times included in an extended 35-letter alphabet. The traditional set compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defamation
Defamation is a communication that injures a third party's reputation and causes a legally redressable injury. The precise legal definition of defamation varies from country to country. It is not necessarily restricted to making assertions that are falsifiable, and can extend to concepts that are more abstract than reputationlike dignity and honour. In the English-speaking world, the law of defamation traditionally distinguishes between libel (written, printed, posted online, published in mass media) and slander (oral speech). It is treated as a civil wrong (tort, delict), as a criminal offence, or both. Defamation and related laws can encompass a variety of acts (from general defamation and insultas applicable to every citizen – to specialized provisions covering specific entities and social structures): * Defamation against a legal person in general * Insult against a legal person in general * Acts against public officials * Acts against state instituti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Azerbaijan
The Constitution of Azerbaijan () was adopted on 12 November 1995 by popular referendum. This was the first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan. The first Constitution of independent Azerbaijan consists of 5 chapters, 12 sections and 147 articles. It was amended on 24 August 2002 and again on 18 March 2009. It carries the "highest legal force" in Azerbaijan as per article 147. The most recent amendments to the Constitution were approved after the Constitutional referendum held on 26 September 2016. In 2002, 31 amendments were made to 22 articles; in 2009, 41 amendments were made to 29 articles; and in 2016, 23 articles were amended and 6 new articles were added. History The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic that was founded in 1918 and existed for 23 months until 1920 was not able to adopt its constitution. Therefore, the history of Constitution building in Azerbaijan generally starts from the period of Azerbaijan being part of Soviet Union. The first Constitution of Azerbaijan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Access To Information
Access may refer to: Companies and organizations * ACCESS (Australia), an Australian youth network * Access (credit card), a former credit card in the United Kingdom * Access Co., a Japanese software company * Access International Advisors, a hedge fund * AirCraft Casualty Emotional Support Services * Arab Community Center for Economic and Social Services * Access, the Alphabet division containing Google Fiber * Access, the Southwest Ohio Regional Transit Authority's paratransit service Sailing * Access 2.3, a sailing keelboat * Access 303, a sailing keelboat * Access Liberty, a sailing keelboat Television * '' Access Hollywood'', formerly ''Access'', an American entertainment newsmagazine * ''Access'' (British TV programme), a British entertainment television programme * ''Access'' (Canadian TV series), a Canadian television series (1974–1982) * Access TV, a former Canadian educational television channel (1973–2011) * Access Television Network, an American infom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom Of Speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The rights, right to freedom of expression has been recognised as a Human rights, human right in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and international human rights law. Many countries have constitutional law that protects free speech. Terms like ''free speech'', ''freedom of speech,'' and ''freedom of expression'' are used interchangeably in political discourse. However, in a legal sense, the freedom of expression includes any activity of seeking, receiving, and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used. Article 19 of the UDHR states that "everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference" and "everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prokofy Dzhaparidze
Prokofy "Alyosha" Aprasionovich Dzhaparidze or Japaridze, ( ka, პროკოფი აფრასიონის ძე ჯაფარიძე, ; 15 January 1880 – 20 September 1918), was a Bolshevik revolutionary of Georgian origin. He was one of the leaders of the Red Army and the Bolshevik Party in Azerbaijan during the Russian Revolution. Dzhaparidze joined Bolsheviks in 1898 where he earned the nickname Alyosha, then moved to Baku. Helping the founding of the Azerbaijani socialist party Hummet, he became Delegate of the Caucasian Union of the RSDLP at the 3rd Congress of the RSDLP in London. He was arrested or exiled many times for his anti-tsarist activities in Russian Empire. After the February Revolution, he became a member of the Caucasian Regional Committee, and became one of the 26 leaders or commissars of the joined the Baku Commune. He took several different positions in the commune. Dzhaparidze, along with Stepan Shaumian, Mashadi Azizbekov, Ivan Fiolet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Majid Afandiyev
Sultan Majid Afandiyev (; ), also spelled Efendiyev (May 26, 1887 – April 21, 1938) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary and statesman, one of the founders of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. He was repressed during the Great Terror. Early years Born at Shamakhi in what is modern day Azerbaijan as the son of a merchant and grandson of the Transcaucasian mufti. His family moved to Baku after his father's trading business collapsed after the 1902 Shamakhi earthquake. In Baku, Afandiyev was sent to a six-year school, where he first became acquainted with Marxism. Afandiyev participated in the revolutionary movement of Azerbaijan—at that time a region of the Russian Empire—beginning in 1902. In 1904 he became a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. It was then that he first encountered the police, when they were conducting a search of the apartment of a social democrat he knew. Afandiyev arrived at the apartment with leaflets, which he tore up and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nariman Narimanov
Nariman Karbalayi Najaf oghlu Narimanov (, ; – 19 March 1925) was an Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani Bolsheviks, Bolshevik revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman. For just over one year, beginning in May 1920, Narimanov headed the government of Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Azerbaijan. He was subsequently elected chairman of the Union Council of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Transcaucasian SFSR. He was also Party Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union from 30 December 1922 until the day of his death. In the realm of literature, Narimanov translated into Turkic Nikolai Gogol's ''The Government Inspector'' and wrote many plays, stories and novels, such as ''Bahadur and Sona'' (1896). He was also the author of the historical trilogy, ''Nadir-Shah'' (1899). One of the central districts and one of the busiest Nariman Narimanov (Baku Metro), metro stations in Baku, together with a number of streets, pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meshadi Azizbekov
Mashadi Azizbey oghlu Azizbeyov, also spelled Azizbekov (; ; January 6, 1876 - September 20, 1918) was a Soviet Union, Soviet revolutionary of Azerbaijani people, Azerbaijani origin, leader of the revolutionary movement in Azerbaijan, one of the first Azeri Marxists, Provincial Commissioner and Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, gubernial commissar for Baku. He was one of the 26 Baku Commissars. Azizbeyov became a member of Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and one of the leaders of Muslim Social Democratic Party. After the October Revolution, he joined the Baku Comissars. As the Baku Commune was voted out of power in July 1918, Azizbeyov and rest of the Commissars abandoned Baku and fled across the Caspian Sea. However, they were captured by anti-Soviet forces. On the night of September 20, Azizbeyov was executed by a firing squad in a remote location between the stations of Pereval and Akhcha-Kuyma on the Trans-Caspian railway. Currently, views on Azizbeyov in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mammad Amin Rasulzadeh
Mahammad Amin Akhund Haji Molla Alakbar oghlu Rasulzade (31 January 1884 – 6 March 1955) was an Azerbaijanis, Azerbaijani politician, journalist and the head of the Azerbaijani National Council. He is mainly considered the founder of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in 1918 and the father of its statehood. His expression "" ("The flag once raised shall never fall!") became the motto of the independence movement in Azerbaijan in the early 20th century. Early life Born on 31 January 1884 to Akhund Haji Mullah, Molla Alakbar Rasulzadeh in Novxanı, Novkhany, near Baku, Mahammad Amin Rasulzade received his education at the Russian-Muslim Secondary School and then at the Baku Polytechnicum, Technical College in Baku. In his years of study he created ''"Muslim Youth Organisation Musavat",'' the first secret organisation in Azerbaijan's contemporary history, and beginning from 1903 Rasulzade began writing articles in various opposition newspapers and magazines. At that time, his anti-mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hummat
The Muslim Social Democratic Party, usually referred to as Hummet (), was a political party in South Caucasus. In 1920, it merged with the Baku communist group Adalat ( 'Justice') to form the first Communist Party of Azerbaijan. "Old" Hummet (1904 – 1920) At the end of 1904, the Baku committee of the Russian Social Democratic Party created the Hummet in order to attract Muslim workers. Prominent Hummet politicians included Mammed Amin Rasulzade (until 1913), Meshadi Azizbekov, Prokopius Dzhaparidze, Sultan Medjid Efendiev, Zeynal Zeynalov and Nariman Narimanov. A series of arrests in 1911 weakened the activities of the party, but after the February Revolution, the Hummet renewed its operations. From 1918 to 1920 the Hummet was represented in the parliament of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. On 20 February 1920, it merged with the Adalat Party, the Ahrar Party of Iran and Baku Bolsheviks to establish the Azerbaijan Communist Party. Some sources report that pro-Bolshevik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
