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Mayakovsky Square Poetry Readings
During the 1950s and 1960s, the Mayakovsky Square (now the Triumfalnaya Square) in Moscow played an important role as a gathering place for unofficial poetry readings, and subsequently for expressing cultural and political dissent in the post-Stalin era. Precursor On July 29, 1958, a monument to Vladimir Mayakovsky was unveiled in Moscow's Mayakovsky Square. At the official opening ceremony, a number of official Soviet poets read their poems. When the ceremony was over, volunteers from the crowd started reading poetry as well. The atmosphere of relatively free speech attracted many, and public readings at the monument soon became regular. Young people, mainly students, assembled almost every evening to read the poems of forgotten or repressed writers. Some also read their own work, and discussed art and literature. Among the young poets who read their own work to huge crowds in Mayakovsky Square were Yevgeny Yevtushenko and Andrei Voznesensky, who walked a thin line between bei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triumfalnaya Square
Triumfalnaya Square (; formerly Mayakovsky Square, colloquially Mayakovka) is a public square in the Tverskoy District of the Central Administrative Okrug of Moscow. It is located in the Garden Ring between the Big Garden street, 1st Brest street and 2nd Brest street, 1st Tverskaya Yamskaya street, Armory alley, Building Arc and Tverskaya Street. References Squares in Moscow Tverskoy District {{authority control ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samizdat
Samizdat (, , ) was a form of dissident activity across the Eastern Bloc in which individuals reproduced censored and underground makeshift publications, often by hand, and passed the documents from reader to reader. The practice of manual reproduction was widespread, because printed texts could be traced back to the source. This was a grassroots practice used to evade official Soviet censorship. Name origin and variations Etymologically, the word ''samizdat'' derives from ''sam'' ( 'self, by oneself') and ''izdat'' (, an abbreviation of , 'publishing house'), and thus means 'self-published'. Ukrainian has a similar term: ''samvydav'' (самвидав), from ''sam'' 'self' and ''vydavnytstvo'' 'publishing house'. The Russian poet Nikolay Glazkov coined a version of the term as a pun in the 1940s when he typed copies of his poems and included the note ''Samsebyaizdat'' (Самсебяиздат, "Myself by Myself Publishers") on the front page. ''Tamizdat'' refers to lit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decembrist Revolt
The Decembrist revolt () was a failed coup d'état led by liberal military and political dissidents against the Russian Empire. It took place in Saint Petersburg on , following the death of Emperor Alexander I. Alexander's brother and heir-presumptive Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich privately renounced his claim to the throne two years prior to Alexander's sudden death on 1 December Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O.S. 19 November1825. The next in the line of succession therefore was younger brother Nicholas, who would ascend to the throne as Emperor Nicholas I. Neither the Russian government nor the general public were initially aware of Konstantin's renunciation, and as a result, parts of the military took a premature oath of loyalty to Konstantin. A general swearing of loyalty to the true emperor Nicholas was scheduled for in Senate Square, Saint Petersburg. In the midst of this Northern Society, a secret society" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMOG (literary Group)
SMOG () was one of the earliest informal literary groups independent of the Soviet state in the post-Stalin Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet .... Among several interpretations of the acronym are ''Smelost', Mysl', Obraz i Glubina'' (Courage, Thought, Image and Depth), and, humorously, ''Samoe Molodoe Obshchestvo Geniev'' (Society of Youngest Geniuses). It is also a pun: the Russian word "смог" means " was able (to do something)". It was organized in January/February 1965 by a group of young poets and writers: Poet Leonid Gubanov (initiator, membership card #1); writer and editor (membership card #2); poet and publicist Yuri Kublanovsky; , a poet who received the Andrei Bely Prize; and poets Nikolai Bokov and , later joined by several dozens of o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Soviet Agitation And Propaganda
Anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (ASA) () was a criminal offence in the Soviet Union. Initially, the term was interchangeably used with counter-revolutionary agitation. The latter term was in use immediately after the October Revolution of 1917. The offence was codified in criminal law in the 1920s, and revised in the 1950s in two articles of the Russian SFSR Criminal Code. The offence was widely used against Soviet dissidents. Stalin era The new Criminal Codes of the 1920s introduced the offence of ''anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda'' as one of the many forms of counter-revolutionary activity grouped together under Article 58 of the Russian RSFSR Penal Code. The article was put in force on 25 February 1927 and remained in force throughout the period of Stalinism. Article 58:10, "propaganda and agitation that called to overturn or undermining of the Soviet regime", was punishable with at least 6 months of imprisonment, up to and including the death sentence in periods of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eduard Kuznetsov (dissident)
Eduard Samoilovich Kuznetsov (, ; 29 January 1939 – 22 December 2024) was a Soviet-Israeli Soviet dissidents, dissident, refusenik, journalist, and writer. One of the leaders of the 1970 Dymshits–Kuznetsov hijacking affair, Kuznetsov's case drew international attention following his death sentence. As a result of global protests, his sentence was commuted to fifteen years' imprisonment. Kuznetsov was released in 1979 as part of a prisoner exchange between the Soviet Union and the United States. He subsequently made aliyah to Israel. Throughout the 1980s, he participated in the operations of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty before beginning the publication of the Russian-language Vesti (Israeli newspaper), ''Vesti'' in 1992. Kuznetsov is the author of three novels, two of which were written in prison and smuggled out of the country. Kuznetsov died in Israel on 22 December 2024, at the age of 85. Jewish activism Kuznetsov studied at the philosophy department of Moscow State ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuri Gagarin
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin; Gagarin's first name is sometimes transliterated as ''Yuriy'', ''Youri'', or ''Yury''. (9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut who, aboard the first successful Human spaceflight, crewed spaceflight, became the first person to journey into outer space. Travelling on Vostok 1, Gagarin completed one orbit of Earth on 12 April 1961, with his flight taking 108 minutes. By achieving this major milestone for the Soviet Union amidst the Space Race, he became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including his country's highest distinction: Hero of the Soviet Union. Hailing from the village of Klushino in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russian SFSR, Gagarin was a foundryman at a steel plant in Lyubertsy in his youth. He later joined the Soviet Air Forces as a pilot and was stationed at the Luostari/Pechenga (air base), Luostari Air Base, near the Norway–Russia border, Norway–Soviet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoenix (literary Magazine)
''Phoenix'' was a samizdat literary magazine published by Yuri Galanskov in 1960 and 1966. The magazine was founded by Galanskov and Alexander Ginzburg. Only two issues were ever produced (''Phoenix'' in 1960 and ''Phoenix-66'' in 1966). The magazine died after the arrest of Galanskov and subsequent Trial of the Four. Repression The editors of Phoenix 66 were arrested on 17 and 19 January 1967.''Joussellin, Jean''. 1969. «As Defesas». As Revoltas dos Jovens. Col: Justiça e Paz, 1. Lisboa: União Gráfica. pp. 155–156, citando Clement, Olivier (7 de outubro de 1967). Procés d’intellectuels. Réform In 1967–1968, Galanskov, Ginzburg, Alexey Dobrovolsky, and Vera Lashkova were put on trial for editing and distributing (and printing in the case of Lashkova) Phoenix-66, as well as the White Book, a document on the case of Sinyavsky and Daniel. During the so-called "Trial of Four", Ginzburg was sentenced to 5 years in prison, and Galanskov to 7 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Osipov
Vladimir Nikolaevich Osipov (; 9 August 1938 – 20 October 2020) was a Russian writer who founded the Soviet samizdat journal ''Veche'' (Assembly)''.'' The journal is considered to be an important document of the nationalist or Slavophile strand within the Soviet dissident movement. Biography Vladimir Osipov was born on 9 August 1938 in Slantsy, Leningrad Oblast. He entered studies at the History faculty of Moscow State University. He was expelled in 1959 for protesting the arrest of Anatoly Ivanov, a fellow student, but was able to finish his studies at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute in 1960. As a student, Osipov was involved in reviving the informal Mayakovsky Square poetry readings in 1960. During this time, he produced a samizdat (self-published) literary journal ''Boomerang''. In 1961, Osipov was sentenced to seven years in strict-regime labour camps for " Anti-Soviet propaganda". In the camps, he converted to Christianity. He was released in 1968 and managed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sintaksis (Moscow)
''Sintaksis'' (Syntax, ) was a samizdat poetry journal compiled by writer Alexander Ginzburg in 1959-1960. The periodical included poetry which could not be published officially. It is considered to be the first large-scale samizdat (self-published) periodical of a literary nature. The typescript magazine was compiled and edited by Alexander Ginzburg in Moscow. The first two issues featured poetry by authors in Moscow, including Bella Akhmadulina and Bulat Okudzhava, Nikolai Glazkov and Vsevolod Nekrasov. The third issue featured poets from Leningrad, including Dmitry Bobyshev, Joseph Brodsky, Gleb Gorbovsky, Viktor Golyavkin, Mikhail Eremin, Sergey Kulle, Aleksander Kushner, Evgeny Rein, Nonna Slepakova, and Vladimir Uflyand. Ginzburg was arrested in 1960, while working on a planned fourth issue, and served two years. The unfinished issue would have contained works by Lithuanian poets, including Tomas Venclova. See also * ''Sintaksis'' * ''Phoenix (literary magazine)'' * Sam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Ginzburg
Alexander "Alik" Ilyich Ginzburg ( rus, Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ги́нзбург, p=ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ɨˈlʲjidʑ ˈɡʲinzbʊrk, a=Alyeksandr Il'yich Ginzburg.ru.vorb.oga; 21 November 1936 – 19 July 2002), was a Russian journalist, poet, human rights activist and dissident. Between 1961 and 1969 he was sentenced three times to labor camps. In 1979, Ginzburg was released and expelled to the United States, along with four other political prisoners ( Eduard Kuznetsov, Mark Dymshits, Valentin Moroz, and Georgy Vins) and their families, as part of a prisoner exchange. Biography Ginzburg was born in Moscow to a Russian-Jewish family. He was relative (nephew) of Yevgenia Ginzburg and semi-orphan, Alexander Ginzburg. Ginzburg was educated in Moscow, and worked as a lathe operator and part time journalist after leaving school, then as an actor, but had to give up acting in 1959, after falling from a third storey window. Dissident work At the end of 1959, Ginzburg issue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
