Management By Observation

	Management By Observation Management by observation has two unrelated meanings: # Managing diseases by observing the progress of patient over a period of time to determine if the observed would benefit from intervention. # Management of employees by observing that they are present at the physical work place during accepted working hours and appear to be doing expected work tasks. Without objective setting may lead to presenteeism. See also * Flextime * Flexplace * Management by objectives Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book ''The Practice of Management''.Drucker, P., ''The Practice of Management'', Harper, New York, 1954; Heinemann, London ... References Research article of cancer treatment. {{reflist Human resource management ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Presenteeism Presenteeism or working while sick is the act or culture of employees continuing to work as a performative measure, despite having reduced productivity levels or negative consequences. Reduced productivity during presenteeism is often due to illness, injury, exhaustion, or other conditions, but presenteeism can also describe working while contagiously sick, which has the added risk of creating a workplace epidemic. Many different motives can lead to presenteeism.Johns, G. (2010): Presenteeism in the Workplace: A review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519-542. An employee may come to work because they simply need the money and cannot afford to take time off due to illness. Doctors may attend work while sick due to feelings of being irreplaceable. Additionally, one could go to work due to a love and devotion to the job; in this case, it could be considered an act of organizational citizenship and inspire admiration from colleagues. Other reasons include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Flextime Flextime (also spelled flexitime ( BE) or flex-time) is a flexible hours schedule that allows workers to alter their workday and decide/adjust their start and finish times. In contrast to traditional work arrangements that require employees to work a standard 9a.m. to 5p.m. day, flextime typically involves a "core" period of the day during which employees are required to be at work (e.g., between 11a.m. and 3p.m.), and a "bandwidth" period within which all required hours must be worked (e.g., between 5:30 a.m. and 7:30 p.m.). The working day outside of the "core" period is "flexible time", in which employees can choose when they work, subject to achieving total daily, weekly or monthly hours within the "bandwidth" period set by employers, and subject to the necessary work being done. The total working time required of employees on flextime schedules is the same as that required under traditional work schedules. A flextime policy allows staff to determine when they will wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Flexplace Flexplace refers to a policy or program that enables employees to have more authority to remote work. It can be the result of a formal agreement between the employer and the employee or it can simply entail the fact that a job can be performed in any context or place. For example, an employee may choose to work in the office or from home or from a client's office or even a café. It is the workplace equivalent of the workforce policy of flextime and flexbenefits. Benefits Flexplace has multiple benefits, for both the company and the employee. For organizations, it offers the chance of reducing its carbon footprint A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an individual, event, organization, service, place or product, expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). Greenhouse gases, including the carbon-containing gases carb ..., through reduced energy consumption, reduced travel costs and parking spaces. For individuals, flexplace schemes have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Management By Objectives Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book ''The Practice of Management''.Drucker, P., ''The Practice of Management'', Harper, New York, 1954; Heinemann, London, 1955; revised edn, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2007 Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence. This process allows managers to take work that needs to be done one step at a time to allow for a calm, yet productive work environment. In this system of management, individual goals are synchronized with the goals of the organization. An important part of MBO is the measurement and comparison of an employee's actual performance with the standards set. Ideally, when employees themselves have been involved with the goal-setting and choosing the course of action to be followed by them, they ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]