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Maki (historical Political Party)
Maki (, a Hebrew abbreviation for ) was a communist political party in Israel. History Maki was a descendant of the Palestine Communist Party (PCP), which changed its name to MAKEI (the Communist Party of Eretz Yisrael) after endorsing partition in 1947, and then to Maki. Members of the National Liberation League, an Arab party that had split from the PCP in 1944, rejoined Maki in October 1948, giving the party both Jewish and Arab members, while the Hebrew Communists also joined the party. The party took over publication of two communist newspapers, '' Kol HaAm'' (Hebrew) and '' Al-Ittihad'' (Arabic). The party was not Zionist, but recognized Israel, though it denied the link between the state and the Jewish diaspora, and asserted the right of Palestinians to form a state in accordance with the United Nations resolution on partition. In the first Knesset elections in 1949 the party received 3.5% of the vote and won four seats, which were taken by Shmuel Mikunis, Eliezer Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shmuel Mikunis
Shmuel Mikunis (; 10 August 1903 – 20 May 1982) was an Israeli politician. He was a member of the Knesset for the Maki (political party), Maki (1949–1969, 1972–1973) and Moked (1973–1974) parties. Biography Born to a Hasidic Judaism, Hasidic Jewish family in Polonne in the Russian Empire (today in Ukraine), Mikunis aliyah, immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1921. Two of his brothers remained in the Soviet Union and were murdered during Joseph Stalin, Stalin's rule. He attended a polytechnic in France, and was qualified as an engineer, working for the Shell Oil Company between 1933 and 1945. Mikunis was a member of the Palestine Communist Party. He became secretary of its central committee in 1939. In 1944 he was elected to the Yishuv, Jewish community's Assembly of Representatives (Mandate Palestine), Assembly of Representatives. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1948 Arab-Israeli War, he acted as an emissary to communist countries, seeking to acquire weapons. After M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eretz Yisrael
The Land of Israel () is the traditional Jewish name for an area of the Southern Levant. Related biblical, religious and historical English terms include the Land of Canaan, the Promised Land, the Holy Land, and Palestine. The definitions of the limits of this territory vary between passages in the Hebrew Bible, with specific mentions in , , and . Nine times elsewhere in the Bible, the settled land is referred as " from Dan to Beersheba", and three times it is referred as "from the entrance of Hamath unto the brook of Egypt" (, and ). These biblical limits for the land differ from the borders of established historical Israelite and later Jewish kingdoms, including the United Kingdom of Israel, the two kingdoms of Israel (Samaria) and Judah, the Hasmonean kingdom, and the Herodian kingdom. At their heights, these realms ruled lands with similar but not identical boundaries. Jewish religious belief defines the land as where Jewish religious law prevailed and excludes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esther Vilenska
Esther Vilenska (; 8 June 1918 – 8 November 1975) was an Israeli Communism, communist politician, journalist and author who served as a member of the Knesset for Maki (historical political party), Maki between 1951 and 1959, and then again from 1961 to 1965. She was a Litvaks, Lithuanian Jew from Vilnius. Biography Born in Vilnius, Lithuania, Vilenska was active in Hashomer Hatzair in Vilnius, the city in which she attended high school, before Aliyah, emigrating to Mandatory Palestine in 1938. She attended the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, gaining a BA in sociology and an MA in History. Political career Vilenska joined the Palestine Communist Party in 1940, and in 1943 was appointed editor of the newspaper Kol HaAm (lit. ''Voice of the People''), becoming chief editor in 1947. In 1944, she was elected to the House of Representatives. She joined the politbureau of Maki (historical political party), Maki when it was formed upon Declaration of Independence (Israel), Isr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emil Habibi
Emile Shukri Habibi (, ; 28 January 1922 – 2 May 1996) was a Palestinian-Israeli writer of Arabic literature and a politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the communist parties Maki (historical political party), Maki and Maki (political party), Rakah. Biography Habibi was born in Haifa on 28 January 1922 into an Anglican, Anglican Christian, Palestinian Arab family. His father originated in Shefa-Amr. The family had originally belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem but converted to Anglicanism due to disputes within the Orthodox church. In his early life, he worked on an oil refinery and later was a radio announcer. Under the Mandate he became one of the leaders of the Palestine Communist Party. When the 1948 Arab-Israeli War began, he remained in Haifa and became an Israeli citizenship, Israeli citizen. After the war, he helped to create the Communist Party of Israel and established the communist paper ''Al-Ittihad (Israeli newspaper), Al-Ittihad''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1951 Israeli Legislative Election
Elections for the second Knesset were held in Israel on 30 July 1951. Voter turnout was 75.1%.Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p123 Results Aftermath The second Knesset was highly unstable, with four separate governments, two different Prime Minister of Israel, Prime Ministers and several defections; Rostam Bastuni, Avraham Berman and Moshe Sneh left Mapam and set up the Left Faction. Bastuni later returned to Mapam whilst Berman and Sneh joined Maki. Hannah Lamdan and David Livschitz also left Mapam, establishing the Faction independent of Ahdut HaAvoda before joining Mapai. Four other members left Mapam to found Ahdut HaAvoda, Ahdut HaAvoda – Poale Zion, but the move was not recognised by the Knesset speaker. During the Knesset term, Sephardim and Oriental Communities joined the General Zionists. As with the first Knesset, the List of Knesset speakers, speaker was Yosef Sprinzak. Third government T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mapam
File:Pre-State_Zionist_Workers'_Parties_chart.png, chart of zionist workers parties, 360px, right rect 167 83 445 250 Hapoel Hatzair rect 450 88 717 265 The non-partisans (pre-state Zionist political movement), Non Partisans rect 721 86 995 243 Poale Zion, Poalei Zion rect 152 316 373 502 Hapoel HaMizrachi, HaPoel HaMizrachi rect 552 328 884 512 Ahdut HaAvoda rect 891 301 1111 534 Poale Zion#Factions,_1920_split_and_aftermath, Poalei Zion Left rect 283 519 668 928 Mapai rect 5 665 169 1432 HaOved HaTzioni rect 697 747 918 953 Ahdut HaAvoda#Ahdut_HaAvoda_Movement, Ahdut HaAvoda Movement rect 755 977 959 1234 Ahdut HaAvoda#Ahdut_HaAvoda_Poale_Zion_Movement, Ahdut HaAvoda Poalei ZIon rect 775 1265 1136 1444 Mapam rect 966 1023 1232 1217 Hashomer Hatzair Workers Party, HaShomer Hatzair Workers' Party rect 1044 572 1228 766 Hashomer Hatzair, HaShomer HaTzair rect 942 769 1177 919 Socialist League of Palestine rect 387 1275 734 1447 Mapai rect 365 1260 174 1447 Hapoel HaMizrachi, HaPoel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meir Vilner
Meir Vilner (; born Ber Kovner; 23 October 1918 – 5 June 2003) was a Lithuanian-born Israeli communist politician and Jewish leader of the Communist Party of Israel (Maki), at one time a powerful force in the country. He was the youngest and last living signatory of the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948. Early life Born in Vilnius, during the short-lived Kingdom of Lithuania, Vilner's political life began as the leader of the Zionist group Hashomer Hatzair (''Young Guard''). However, he soon grew disenchanted by what he viewed as a tendency in Zionist groups to dream of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, rather than change their current situation. Thus, he started working for the banned Communist Party of Polandnow under the pseudonym Meir Vilneruntil 1938, when he left Poland to go to British-ruled Mandatory Palestine. Most of his family who stayed behind was murdered in the Holocaust. In Palestine, Vilner studied history at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Politi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawfik Toubi
Tawfik Toubi (, ; 11 May 1922 – 12 March 2011) was a Mandatory Palestine-born Israeli Arab communist politician. He was the last surviving member of the first Knesset. Tawfik Toubi was married to Olga Touma and one of his sons, Elias Toubi, studied medicine in Leningrad. He is also the second longest-serving Knesset member of all time, over 41 years of office, all consecutive. Biography Toubi was born in Haifa to an Arab Orthodox family in 1922, he is the son of Elias and Alice (born Khoury). and was educated at the Mount Zion School in Jerusalem. He joined the Palestine Communist Party in 1941 and later was one of the founders of the League for National Liberation, which originally opposed partition of Palestine but later came to accept it, after the Soviet Union indicated that it would support partition. He was elected to the Knesset in Israel's first elections in 1949 as a member of Maki. He was re-elected in 1951, 1955, 1959 and 1961. In 1965 he was involved i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eliezer Preminger
Eliezer Preminger (; 13 April 1920 – 15 September 2001) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Maki, the Hebrew Communists and Mapam between 1949 and 1951. Biography Born in Vienna in 1920, Preminger emigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1939. He joined the Palestine Communist Party, but in 1945 was one of the leaders of a group that left in order to form the ''Hebrew Communists'' party. In 1948 he joined Maki, and was elected to the first Knesset in 1949 on the party's list. During his period in the Knesset, Preminger held the following functions: Chair, Subcommittee on Distribution of Raw Materials, Observer, Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, Member of Economic Affairs Committee, Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, Committee for Public Services. Knesset Follo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Israeli Legislative Election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in newly independent Israel on 25 January 1949. Voter turnout was 86.9%. Two days after its first meeting on 14 February 1949, legislators voted to change the name of the body to the Knesset (Hebrew: כנסת, translated as ''Assembly''). It is known today as the First Knesset. Background During the establishment of the state of Israel in May 1948, Israel's national institutions were established, which ruled the new state. These bodies were not elected bodies in the pure sense, and their members originated from the management of the Jewish agency and from the management of the Jewish National Council. The Israeli Declaration of Independence stated that: However, the elections were not held before the designated date due to the ongoing war and were cancelled twice, while no constitution was ever adopted. The elections were eventually held on 25 January 1949. Preparations for the elections These were the first elections held in Isra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is the Earth, global intergovernmental organization established by the signing of the Charter of the United Nations, UN Charter on 26 June 1945 with the stated purpose of maintaining international peace and international security, security, to develop friendly Diplomacy, relations among State (polity), states, to promote international cooperation, and to serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of states in achieving those goals. The United Nations headquarters is located in New York City, with several other offices located in United Nations Office at Geneva, Geneva, United Nations Office at Nairobi, Nairobi, United Nations Office at Vienna, Vienna, and The Hague. The UN comprises six principal organizations: the United Nations General Assembly, General Assembly, the United Nations Security Council, Security Council, the United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice, the United Nations Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinians
Palestinians () are an Arab ethnonational group native to the Levantine region of Palestine. *: "Palestine was part of the first wave of conquest following Muhammad's death in 632 CE; Jerusalem fell to the Caliph Umar in 638. The indigenous population, descended from Jews, other Semitic groups, and non-Semitic groups such as the Philistines, had been mostly Christianized. Over succeeding centuries it was Islamicized, and Arabic replaced Aramaic (a Semitic tongue closely related to Hebrew) as the dominant language" * : "Palestinians are the descendants of all the indigenous peoples who lived in Palestine over the centuries; since the seventh century, they have been predominantly Muslim in religion and almost completely Arab in language and culture." * : "Furthermore, Zionism itself was also defined by its opposition to the indigenous Palestinian inhabitants of the region. Both the 'conquest of land' and the 'conquest of labor' slogans that became central to the dominant stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
