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Main-d'œuvre Immigrée
The Main-d'œuvre immigrée was a French trade unionist organisation, composed of immigrant workers of the ''Confédération générale du travail unitaire'' (CGTU) in the 1920s. The MOI was affiliated to the Profintern. The MOI was initially named ''Main d'œuvre étrangère'', but the French Communist Party, who in practice were in charge, changed the name from ''étrangère'' (foreign) to ''immigrée'' (immigrant) due to perceived xenophobia during the 1930s. During the Second World War, Louis Grojnowski (called "Brunot") and Simon Cukier aka Alfred Grant took charge, and the organisation gave rise to an armed squad, the FTP-MOI, directed by Joseph Epstein. After the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews in the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup in July 1942, the groups became somewhat more active. Pursued relentlessly by the Special Brigades of the Renseignements généraux, almost all the MOI fighters had been identified by the end of summer 1943. In the autumn the French police arrested t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confédération Générale Du Travail Unitaire
The Confédération générale du travail unitaire, or CGTU ( en, United General Confederation of Labor), was a trade union confederation in France that at first included anarcho-syndicalists and soon became aligned with the French Communist Party. It was founded in 1922 as a confederation of radical unions that had left the socialist-dominated General Confederation of Labour (CGT), and in 1936 merged back into the CGT. Foundation The CGTU emerged from a split in the General Confederation of Labour (CGT: ''Confédération générale du travail''), which had been torn by confrontations between socialist members of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO: ''Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière'') and the more radical anarcho-syndicalists and members of the French Communist Party (PCF: ''Parti communiste français''). The CGTU took the majority of the CGT with it. Initially the syndicalists and anarchists outnumbered the communists. Joseph Tommasi, a mem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Resistance
The French Resistance (french: La Résistance) was a collection of organisations that fought the German occupation of France during World War II, Nazi occupation of France and the Collaborationism, collaborationist Vichy France, Vichy régime during the World War II, Second World War. Resistance Clandestine cell system, cells were small groups of armed men and women (called the Maquis (World War II), Maquis in rural areas) who, in addition to their guerrilla warfare activities, were also publishers of underground newspapers, providers of first-hand intelligence information, and maintainers of escape networks that helped Allies of World War II, Allied soldiers and airmen trapped behind enemy lines. The Resistance's men and women came from all economic levels and political leanings of French society, including émigrés, academics, students, Aristocratic family, aristocrats, conservative Catholic Church, Roman Catholics (including priests and Yvonne Beauvais, nuns), Protestantis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Générale Des Israélites De France
The (General Union of French Jews; UGIF) was a body created by the antisemitic French politician Xavier Vallat under the Vichy regime after the Fall of France in World War II. UGIF was created by decree on 29 November 1941 following a German request, for the express purpose of enabling the discovery and classification of Jews in France and isolating them both morally and materially from the rest of the French population. It operated in two zones: the northern zone, chaired by , and the southern zone, under the chairmanship of . The mission of the UGIF was to represent Jews before the public authorities, particularly in matters of assistance, welfare and social reintegration. All other Jewish associations in France were dissolved and their assets donated to the UGIF, which all Jews living in France were required to join. The administrators of this body mostly belonged to the French-Jewish bourgeoisie, and were appointed by the Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs (CGQ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yvonne Jospa
Yvonne Jospa (''née'' Have Groisman, February 3, 1910 in Poputi, Bessarabia – January 20, 2000 in Brussels) was a cofounder and leading organizer of the ''Comité de Défense des Juifs'' in September 1942 with her husband Hertz Jospa, which saved over 3,000 Jewish children from deportation and death. Yvonne Jaspar was her pseudonym in the Belgian Resistance. Biography Born in a well-to-do Bessarabian Jewish family, Groisman attended the Jewish gymnasium in Chişinău (present-day Moldova), coming to Belgium with the intention to study at the University of Liège, in the Philosophy and Letters section. However, she changed direction, studying to become a social worker. In 1933 she married Hertz Jospa, and they both became activists, first in the Belgian Communist Party, then in 1936 in the anti-racism organisation ''Ligue contre le racisme et l'antisémitisme'', the Belgian section of the ''Ligue internationale contre l'antisémitime''. She took part in hosting child refu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comité De Défense Des Juifs
The Committee for the Defence of Jews (french: Comité de Défense des Juifs, or CDJ; nl, Joods Verdedigingscomiteit, JVD) was a group within the Belgian Resistance, affiliated to the Front de l'Indépendance, founded by the Jewish Communist Hertz Jospa and his wife Have Groisman ( Yvonne Jospa) of ''Solidarité juive'' in September 1942. It was founded in the house of Fela Perelman. The CDJ had thirty-odd members in its children's section alone. These members formed an effective committee and came from all political and religious horizons, overcoming their divergent views to unite for the sake of saving Jewish children. The CDJ succeeded in saving about 3,000 of the 5,000 children who became so-called hidden children (''enfants cachés''; hidden among non-Jewish Belgian families, convents, etc.). The CDJ was also involved in other aspects of the resistance, producing the clandestine publications such as the Yiddish periodical ''Unser Wort'' ("Our Word"). The CDJ also function ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Grippa
Jacques Grippa (Grivegnée, 30 March 1913– Forest, August 30, 1990) was a Belgian politician, member of the resistance during World War II and communist. Biography Grippa was the son of the Italian immigrant Jean Grippa (1886-1945) and the Belgian woman Stéphanie Becco (1888-1935). In 1930 he studied for engineer at the University of Liège and became a member of the Belgian Communist Party. During World War II, Grippa was a member of the resistance. In 1943 he was imprisoned as a political prisoner at Fort Breendonk. He was tortured, but refused to betray anybody and was therefore sent to Buchenwald. After the war he became head of cabinet at the ministry of War Victims, where he oversaw the treatment of political prisoners. He was als chief of cabinet for Jean Borremans, who worked for the Communist Minister of Civil Works. In 1962 he was removed from the Belgian Communist Party because he was more endeared to Maoism. Together with fellow former members he founded a new Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todor Angelov
Todor Angelov Dzekov ( bg, Тодор Ангелов Дзеков, rendered in French as ''Théodore Angheloff''; 12 January 1900 – 30 November 1943) was a Bulgarian anarcho-communist activist who lived in exile in Belgium for much of his adult life. He served in the Bulgarian Dimitrov Battalion during the Spanish Civil War and, during the German occupation of Belgium, was a leader within the Partisans Armés as part of the Belgian Resistance. He was captured and executed in 1943. Biography Early life and Bulgaria, 1900–25 Angelov was born in 1900 in the city of Kyustendil to a mason father and a weaver and laundress mother, both Bulgarian refugees from Macedonia. In 1923 he married Aleksandra Sharlandzhieva; the two had a daughter, the writer Svoboda Bachvarova (b. 1925). Angelov was related to the anarchist left wing of Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) and the Bulgarian Communist Party from an early age; in 1923 he took part in the failed and suppr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
