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Mahia (New Zealand Electorate)
The Mahia electorate was created in 1996 for the first MMP election. Located on the East Cape, it existed for one term only. Population centres The 1996 election was notable for the significant change of electorate boundaries, based on the provisions of the Electoral Act 1993. Because of the introduction of the mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, the number of electorates had to be reduced, leading to significant changes. More than half of the electorates contested in 1996 were newly constituted, and most of the remainder had seen significant boundary changes. In total, 73 electorates were abolished, 29 electorates were newly created (including Mahia), and 10 electorates were recreated, giving a net loss of 34 electorates. Mahia comprised all of the electorate and parts of , , and electorates. History Mahia only existed as such for one term and was represented by Labour MP Janet Mackey Janet Elsdon Mackey (née Craig; 14 June 1953 – 22 July 2024) was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed-member Proportional Representation
Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a type of representation provided by some mixed electoral system, mixed electoral systems which combine local Winner-take-all system, winner-take-all elections with a Compensation (electoral systems), compensatory tier with Party-list proportional representation, party lists, in a way that produces proportional representation overall. Like proportional representation, MMP is not a single system, but a principle and goal of several similar systems. Some systems designed to achieve proportionality are still called mixed-member proportional, even if they generally fall short of full proportionality. In this case, they provide semi-proportional representation. In typical MMP systems, voters get two votes: one to decide the legislator, representative for their single-seat electoral district, constituency, and one for a political party, but some countries use Mixed single vote#Proportional systems, single vote variants. Seat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Cape
East Cape is the easternmost point of the main islands of New Zealand. It is at the northern end of the Gisborne District of the North Island. East Cape was originally named "Cape East" by British explorer James Cook during his 1769–1779 voyage. It is one of four New Zealand cardinal direction, cardinal capes he named, along with North Cape (New Zealand), North Cape, West Cape and South Cape (New Zealand), South Cape. The name "East Cape" is also used for the part of the Gisborne District north of the Poverty Bay area, but more often as a Metonymy, metonym for the whole Gisborne District. Maritime New Zealand operates the East Cape Lighthouse, located at the cape's easternmost point.East Cape Lighthouse , Maritime New Zealand. Retrieved 1 December 2009. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Labour Party
The New Zealand Labour Party, also known simply as Labour (), is a Centre-left politics, centre-left political party in New Zealand. The party's platform programme describes its founding principle as democratic socialism, while observers describe Labour as social democracy, social democratic and pragmatic in practice. The party participates in the international Progressive Alliance. It is one of two Major party, major political parties in New Zealand, alongside its traditional rival, the New Zealand National Party, National Party. The New Zealand Labour Party formed in 1916 out of various Socialism in New Zealand, socialist parties and trade unions. It is the country's oldest political party still in existence. Alongside the National Party, Labour has alternated in leading List of New Zealand governments, governments of New Zealand since the 1930s. , there have been six periods of Labour government under 11 Labour List of prime ministers of New Zealand, prime ministers. The part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Janet Mackey
Janet Elsdon Mackey (née Craig; 14 June 1953 – 22 July 2024) was a New Zealand politician. She was a Member of the New Zealand Parliament for the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party from 1993 until 2005. Early life and family Mackey was born in Auckland on 14 June 1953, the daughter of Elsdon Walter Grant Craig and Zeta Harriet Craig (née Brown). Her father is a Scottish-New Zealander, and the nephew of Elsdon Best, and her mother is from Northern Ireland. Mackey was educated at Auckland Girls' Grammar School from 1966 to 1969, and went on to study at the University of Auckland, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in English. Previously married, Mackey has three children, including Moana Mackey, who has also served as a Labour MP. Parliamentary career She was first elected to Parliament in the 1993 New Zealand general election, 1993 election, winning the seat of Gisborne (New Zealand electorate), Gisborne. In the 1996 New Zealand general election, 1996 election, sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 New Zealand General Election
The 1996 New Zealand general election was held on 12 October 1996 to determine the composition of the 45th New Zealand Parliament. It was significant for being the first election to be held under the new mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, and produced a parliament considerably more diverse than previous elections. Under the new MMP system, 65 members were elected in single-member districts by first-past-the-post voting (including five Māori electorates), while a further 55 "top-up" members were allocated from closed lists to achieve a proportional distribution based on each party's share of the nationwide party vote. 1996 saw the National Party, led by Jim Bolger, retain its position in government, but only after protracted negotiations with the smaller New Zealand First party to form a coalition. New Zealand First won 17 seats—including sweeping every single Māori electorate, all of which had been dominated by the Labour Party since the Second World War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wayne Kimber
Wayne Allan Kimber (1949 – 22 May 2004) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was born in Auckland in 1949. Professional career Kimber was a town planner by profession and worked for Gisborne City Council. His research led to the establishment of the Greater East Cape Tourism Council, which was renamed to Eastland Tourism Council and then Tourism Eastland. He went to Waipawa in 1997, where he had an executive role with Central Hawke's Bay District Council, including its acting chief executive. He moved to Taranaki and was Chief Executive of the Stratford District Council from 2001 to 2004. Political career Kimber was a Gisborne city councillor from 1986 to 1989. He had a leading role during Cyclone Bola. He represented the electorate of Gisborne in Parliament from 1990 to 1993, when he was defeated by Janet Mackey. He is one of six one-term National MPs who were elected in a swing against Labour in the 1990 election. He was unsuccessful as a list can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Advance New Zealand (1995)
The Advance New Zealand Party was a New Zealand political party. It advocated for multiculturalism and the interests of ethnic minorities, and a substantial segment of its membership came from New Zealand's Pasifika communities. History Advance NZ was registered on 10 August 1995. In the 1996 New Zealand general election, it submitted a party list of ten candidates, headed by England So'onalole. It also stood candidates in six electorates. It received 949 party votes (0.05% of the total), and did not win any seats. Advance New Zealand merged into United New Zealand United New Zealand () was a centrist political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about poli ... in 1997. Party leader England So'onalole made the decision to join United after much consultation with the party executive and membership, agreeing that United was th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Te Tawharau
Te Tawharau (roughly translated as "the shelter") was a Māori political party in New Zealand. Te Tawharau briefly had representation in Parliament when Tuariki Delamere, a former New Zealand First MP, transferred his loyalty to it. In the 1999 elections, Te Tawharau contested electorates under its own banner, but contested the party vote as part of the Mana Māori Movement. It did not, however, win any seats, with Delamere losing his position to Mita Ririnui of the Labour Party. Te Tawharau was founded by Delamere, the late Wharekaihua Coates, known as Willie Coates, and Rangitukehu David Paul. Te Tawharau was founded on the principles espoused by Te Haahi Ringatu (the Ringatu Church) and sought to persuade the Māori people to recognise that under the new MMP voting system it was possible for Māori to hold the balance of power if Māori was able to unite under a common umbrella. The party contested the with six list candidates. In the the Māori parties of Te Taw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnic Minority Party Of New Zealand
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they Collective consciousness, collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, religion, history or social treatment. Ethnicities may also have a narrow or broad spectrum of genetic ancestry, with some groups having mixed genetic ancestry. ''Ethnicity'' is sometimes used interchangeably with nation, ''nation'', particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism. It is also used interchangeably with ''Race (human categorization), race'' although not all ethnicities identify as racial groups. By way of cultural assimilation, assimilation, acculturation, Cultural amalgamation, amalgamation, language shift, Heterogamy#Social science, intermarriage, adoption and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another. Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia Pacific United Party
The Asia Pacific United Party was a New Zealand political party established in 1995 to serve the interests of Asian and Pasifika New Zealanders. It campaigned on a platform of cultural diversity, improved community representation, and social inclusion. History The party was founded in anticipation of New Zealand’s shift to the Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) system, which lowered the threshold for smaller parties to enter Parliament. Its first official public meeting was held in Auckland on 12 October 1995, where founding leader Tuariki Delamere outlined its goals. 1996 election In the 1996 general election, the party fielded nine list candidates and contested three electorates. It gained 0.02 percent of the party vote, failing to secure any list seats. During this campaign, several ballot-paper errors led to confusion between the Asia Pacific United Party and the Ethnic Minority Party. 1999 election Although still registered for the 1999 general election, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Electorates Of New Zealand
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categorize history as a social science, while others see it as part of the humanities or consider it a hybrid discipline. Similar debates surround the purpose of history—for example, whether its main aim is theoretical, to uncover the truth, or practical, to learn lessons from the past. In a more general sense, the term ''history'' refers not to an academic field but to the past itself, times in the past, or to individual texts about the past. Historical research relies on primary and secondary sources to reconstruct past events and validate interpretations. Source criticism is used to evaluate these sources, assessing their authenticity, content, and reliability. Historians strive to integrate the perspectives of several sources to devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 Establishments In New Zealand
1996 was designated as: * International Year for the Eradication of Poverty Events January * January 8 – A Zairean cargo plane crashes into a crowded market in the center of the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa, killing around 300 people. * January 9– 20 – Serious fighting breaks out between Russian soldiers and rebel fighters in Chechnya. * January 11 – Ryutaro Hashimoto, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, becomes Prime Minister of Japan. * January 13 – Italy's Prime Minister, Lamberto Dini, resigns after the failure of all-party talks to confirm him. New talks are initiated by President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to form a new government. * January 14 – Jorge Sampaio is elected President of Portugal. * January 16 – President of Sierra Leone Valentine Strasser is deposed by the chief of defence, Julius Maada Bio. Bio promises to restore power following elections scheduled for February. * January 19 ** T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
