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Macro-Gunwinyguan Languages
The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology in their verbal inflections. Many of the languages have a fortis–lenis contrast in plosive consonants. Lenis/short plosives have weak contact and intermittent voicing, while fortis/long plosives have full closure, a more powerful release burst, and no voicing. Languages Rebecca Green (2004) reconstructed the paradigms of 28 Proto-Arnhem verbs. The languages included by Green are as follows, though Green only accepts Maningrida as a demonstrated branch: * Macro-Gunwinyguan ** Maningrida *** Burarra *** Guragone *** Djeebbana *** Nakkara ** ? East Arnhem: *** Nunggubuyu *** Ngandi *** Anindilyakwa (Enindhilyagwa)* ** ? Marran: *** Marra *** Warndarang *** ? Yugul *** ? Alawa* *** ? Mangarayi ** Kungarakany ** Gaagudju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macro-Pama–Nyungan Languages
Macro-Pama-Nyungan is an umbrella term used to refer to a proposed Australian Aboriginal languages, Indigenous Australian language family. It was coined by the Australian linguist Nicholas Evans (linguist), Nicholas Evans in his 1996 book ''Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective'', co-authored by Patrick McConvell. The term arose from Nicholas Evans (linguist), Evans' theory suggesting that two of the largest Indigenous Australian language families share a common origin, and should therefore be classified as a singular language family under "Macro-Pama-Nyungan". The two main families that Evans refers to are the Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, Macro-Gunwinyguan family from Northern Australia, and the most widespread Pama–Nyungan languages, Pama–Nyungan family that spans across mainland and Southern Australia. The different theories regarding Australian linguistic prehistory and Australian language family evolution are widely debated, therefore Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marra Language
Marra, sometimes formerly spelt Mara, is an Australian Aboriginal language, traditionally spoken on an area of the Gulf of Carpentaria coast in the Northern Territory around the Roper, Towns and Limmen Bight Rivers. Marra is now an endangered language. The most recent survey was in 1991; at that time, there were only 15 speakers, all elderly. Most Marra people now speak Kriol as their main language. The remaining elderly Marra speakers live in the Aboriginal communities of Ngukurr, Numbulwar, Borroloola and Minyerri. Marra is a prefixing language with three noun classes (masculine, feminine, and neuter) and a singular-plural-dual distinction. It is characterized by an intricate aspectual system, elaborate kin terms, no definite structure for relative clause construction, and a complex demonstrative system. Unlike many languages in the area, it has little avoidance language and no difference in the speech of male and female speakers. Language and speakers Marra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnhem Land Languages
The Arnhem Land languages are a language family proposed by Evans (1997) of Australian languages spoken across northern Arnhem Land. The name "Arnhem languages The Macro-Gunwinyguan languages, also called Arnhem or Gunwinyguan, are a family of Australian Aboriginal languages spoken across eastern Arnhem Land in northern Australia. Their relationship has been demonstrated through shared morphology i ..." is used by Green (2003) for what Evans calls "Ginwinyguan", and is only tangentially related to this proposal. The established language families included in this proposal are: * Burarran * Iwaidjan * Giimbiyu (†) * Gaagudju (†) * Umbugarla (†) References *McConvell, Patrick and Nicholas Evans. (eds.) 1997. ''Archaeology and Linguistics: Global Perspectives on Ancient Australia.'' Melbourne: Oxford University Press. Non-Pama-Nyungan languages Proposed language families Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uwinymil Language
Uwinymil, also spelt Uwinjmil and also known as Awinmul, is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language of Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia.Bowern, Claire. 2011.How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?, ''Anggarrgoon: Australian languages on the web'', December 23, 2011correctedFebruary 6, 2012) Speakers of the language were recorded as inhabiting the area around Mt Bundey and Mount Goyder. The Uwinymil people's country is now in Kakadu National Park Kakadu National Park is a protected area in the Northern Territory of Australia, southeast of Darwin. It is a World Heritage Site. Kakadu is also gazetted as a locality, covering the same area as the national park, with 313 people recorded l ..., and the people are part of a group to whom native title was granted in March 2022. References Gunwinyguan languages {{ia-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warray Language
Warray (Waray) was an Australian language spoken in the Adelaide River area of the Northern Territory The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT; known formally as the Northern Territory of Australia and informally as the Territory) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian internal territory in the central and central-northern regi .... Wulwulam may have been a dialect. Ngorrkkowo may have been another name for Wulwulam. Phonology Vocabulary The following basic vocabulary items of Warray are from Tryon (1968).Tryon, Darrell T. "The Daly River Languages: A Survey". In Aguas, E.F. and Tryon, D. editors, ''Papers in Australian Linguistics No. 3''. A-14:21-49. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1968. : References {{Use dmy dates, date=June 2019 Gunwinyguan languages Extinct languages of New South Wales Languages extinct in the 2000s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ngalakgan Language
Ngalakan (Ngalakgan) is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Ngalakgan people. It has not been fully acquired by children since the 1930s. It is one of the Northern Non-Pama–Nyungan languages formerly spoken in the Roper river region of the Northern Territory. It is most closely related to Rembarrnga. Sounds Consonants Ngalakan has a typical Australian consonant inventory, with many coronal places of articulation (see Coronals in Indigenous Australian languages), including nasals at every stop place, and four liquids, but no fricatives. Baker (1999, 2008) analyses the language as having both geminate and singleton realizations of every plosive consonant. Merlan (1983), however, argues that there is a fortis–lenis contrast, and thus two series of plosives rather than the one shown here. Lenis/short plosives have weak contact and intermittent voicing, while fortis/long plosives have full closure, a more powerful release burst, and no voicing. Similar contrasts are foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rembarunga Language
Rembarrnga (Rembarunga) is an Australian Aboriginal language. It is one of the Northern Non-Pama–Nyungan languages, spoken in the Roper River region of the Northern territory. There are three dialects of Rembarrnga, namely Galduyh, Gikkik and Mappurn. It is a highly endangered language, with very few remaining fluent speakers. It is very likely that the language is no longer being learned by children. Instead, the children of Rembarrnga speakers are now learning neighbouring languages such as Kriol in south central Arnhem Land, and Kunwinjku, a dialect of Bininj Kunwok, in north central Arnhem Land. Fluent speakers of Rembarrnga currently (2015) live in the remote towns of Maningrida and Ramingining Ramingining is an Aboriginal Australian community of mainly Yolngu people in the Northern Territory, Australia, east of Darwin. It is on the edge of the Arafura Swamp in Arnhem Land. Wulkabimirri is a tiny outstation (homeland) nearby, and M ..., and in nearby outstation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalabon Language
Dalabon is a Gunwinyguan language of Arnhem Land, Australia. It is a severely endangered language, with perhaps as few as three fluent speakers remaining as of 2018. Dalabon is also known as Dangbon (the Kune or Mayali name), Ngalkbun (the Jawoyn name), and Buwan (the Rembarrnga name). Classification Dalabon belongs to the Gunwinyguan languages branch of the Arnhem languages; its nearest relatives are Kunwinjku, Kune, Mayali (varieties often grouped together as Bininj Kunwok), and Kunbarlang. Its next closest relatives are Rembarrnga, and other languages within the Gunwinyguan family, including Jawoyn, Ngalakgan, Ngandi, Wubuy, and Enindhilyakwa. Official status Dalabon has no official status. Local schools spent years holding sporadic programs teaching Dalabon, but these operations did not receive enough governmental support. Therefore, the condition of the programs is still vulnerable. Dialects Given the limited number of Dalabon speakers, the study of d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jawoyn Language
Jawoyn (Jawonj, Jawany, Djauan, Jawan, Jawony; Adowen, Gun-djawan), also known as Kumertuo, is a moribund Gunwinyguan language spoken only by elders in Arnhem Land Arnhem Land is a historical region of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located in the north-eastern corner of the territory and is around from the territorial capital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin. In 1623, Dutch East India Compa ..., Australia. Phonology Consonants can be heard as either a tap or a trill . Vowels References Merlan, Francesca and Jacq, Pascale. (2005). ''Jawoyn-English dictionary & English finder-list''. Northern Territory: Diwurruwurru-jaru Aboriginal Corporation, Katherine. Merlan, Francesca C. (2016). ''Tricksters and Traditions: Jawoyn Stories and Storytellers''. (Asia-Pacific Linguistics, 31.) Canberra: Asia-Pacific Linguistics. External links * ELAR archive oJawoyn Gunwinyguan languages Indigenous Australian languages in the Northern Territory {{ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunbarlang Language
Gunbarlang, or Kunbarlang, is an Australian Aboriginal language in northern Australia with multiple dialects. Other names are ''Gungalang'' and ''Warlang''. Speakers are multilingual in Kunwinjku and Mawng. Most of the Gunbarlang people now speak Kunwinjku. The language is part of a language revival project, as a critically endangered language. Classification Gunbarlang has been proposed to be included into the ''marne'' group of Gunwinyguan family, making its closest relatives the Central Gunwinyguan languages Bininj Kunwok and Dalabon. The label ''marne'' refers to the phonological shape of the benefactive applicative affix common to all three languages (as opposed to the ''bak'' languages to the east, e.g. Rembarrnga, Ngandi and Wubuy/Nunggubuyu).Alpher, B., Evans, N. & Harvey, M. 2003. "Proto Gunwinyguan verb suffixes." In Nicholas Evans (ed.), ''The non-Pama-Nyungan languages of northern Australia: Comparative Studies of the continent's most linguistically comple ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunwinjku Language
Kunwinjku is a dialect of Bininj Kunwok, an Australian Aboriginal language. The Aboriginal people who speak Kunwinjku are the Bininj people, who live primarily in western Arnhem Land Arnhem Land is a historical region of the Northern Territory of Australia. It is located in the north-eastern corner of the territory and is around from the territorial capital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Darwin. In 1623, Dutch East India Compa .... As Kunwinjku is the most widely spoken dialect of Bininj Kunwok, 'Kunwinjku' is sometimes used to refer to Bininj Kunwok as a whole. Kunwinjku is spoken primarily in the west of the Bininj Kunwok speaking areas, including the town of Gunbalanya, as well as outstations such as Mamardawerre, Kumarrirnbang, Kudjekbinj and Manmoyi. References Further reading * * * , 2 volumes * External linksBininj Kunwok online dictionary*Kunwok {{Australian Aboriginal languages Gunwinyguan languages Arnhem Land Indigenous Australian languages in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaagudju Language
Gaagudju (also spelt Gagadu, Gaguju, and Kakadu) is an extinct Australian Aboriginal language formerly spoken in the environs of Kakadu National Park, in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Country and status Explorer Baldwin Spencer incorrectly ascribed the name "Kakadu tribe" to all of the people living in the Alligator Rivers area, but Gaagudju was confined to the plains South and East Alligator Rivers. The language is classed as extinct, since its last fluent speaker, Big Bill Neidjie, died on 23 May 2002; Classification Gaagudju has traditionally been classified with the Gunwinyguan languages. However, in 1997 Nicholas Evans proposed an Arnhem Land family that includes Gaagudju. Phonology Vowels Consonants Vocabulary Capell Capell or Capel is a surname. Notable people with the name include: Capell * Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham (1608–1649), English politician * Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex (1631–1683), English statesman * Arthur Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
