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MQM Violence (1994–2016)
The MQM violence refers to political violence related to the Muttahida Qaumi Movement ( MQM), a political and militant organisation representing the Muhajir community. Violence began in 1978 against the Sindh government and various other opponents. It was eventually suppressed by the Pakistan army during Operation Clean-up. In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian, and ethnic violence. The intensity of this violence subsided following Operation Lyari and Karachi's targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids led to the arrest of several key MQM leaders and marked the beginning of a crackdown on the party. Another crackdown on 22 August 2016 resulted in the closure of the party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park. Several other MQM leaders were arrested, marking "the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf." Violence Anti-state activities According to Sindh Police, from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MQM Militancy
MQM militancy refers to militancy in Pakistan associated with the Muttahida Qaumi Movement party. History Rise (1978–1992) The ancestor of the MQM was the All Pakistan Muttahidda Students Organization (APMSO), drew its support from muhajir defectors from the heavily armed Islami Jamiat ut-Taleba (IJT). A large number of Jamaat-i-Islami members who were ethnic Muhajirs shifted their loyalties to the MQM overnight, resulting in the elimination of the former influence of the Jamaat. APMSO was radicalized when in 1985–1986 the first (of the many) major clashes took place between Karachi's Muhajir and Pashtun communities. Faced by the superior firepower brought in by Afghan refugees, MQM dispatched a delegation of APMSO members to Hyderabad to meet a militant group from the Sindhi nationalist student organization, the JSSF. APMSO were given some small firearms by PSF in the early 1980s, but it was JSSF that sold the APMSO its first large cache of AK-47s that were then used to tam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan () is one of the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan, alongside the judiciary and the prisons. The country has a mix of federal, provincial and territorial police forces with both general and specialised functions, but the senior ranks of all the provincial forces and most of the federal ones are manned by members of the Police Service of Pakistan (PSP). The PSP is one of the most prestigious part of the Central Superior Services, Pakistan's main civil service organisation. Federal law enforcement agencies are generally overseen by the Ministry of Interior of the Government of Pakistan, while provincial police forces are overseen by a department of the government of that province. Overview Federal Law Enforcement * Directorate General of Intelligence and Investigation * National Cyber Crimes Investigation Agency * National Highways and Motorway Police * National Counter Terrorism Authority * Animal Quarantine Depa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sunni Tehreek
Pakistan Sunni Tehreek or simply Sunni Tehreek is a Pakistani Barlevi organization. The organization was founded by Muhammad Saleem Qadri in 1990 in order to prevent Barelevi mosques from being seized by Deobandi and Wahabi organizations. It also sees itself as a defender of Barelvis from attacks from Deobandis and Wahabi Muslims. The Islamist group is known for its strong support of Pakistan's controversial blasphemy laws, and for its hardline support of the death penalty for those accused of committing blasphemy. Sunni Tehreek is vocal in its support of Mumtaz Qadri, the bodyguard who murdered Punjab's governor Salman Taseer after Taseer called the blasphemy laws as "Black Laws". According to him, these laws were comparable to the Rowlatt Act, a blantant lie. Supporters of the organization assaulted the popular former pop-star Junaid Jamshed, and called for his prosecution under the blasphemy laws. The party was delisted in January 2024 by the Election Commission of Pakis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peoples' Aman Committee
The Peoples' Aman Committee () was an alleged militant group tied to the Pakistan Peoples Party and based in Karachi, Pakistan. The PAC was founded by the infamous Karachi gangster Rehman Dakait in 2008 and is accused of being involved in organized crime and gang wars. After Rehman's death in 2009, leadership of the group was taken over by Uzair Baloch. The PAC is avowedly a support group for the Pakistan Peoples Party, the ruling party in Pakistan from 2008 until the 2013 elections. The organization initially only served Lyari, but soon offices were set up in other Baloch people, Baloch populated neighbourhoods of Karachi, such as Dalmiya (Shantinagar), Malir, Gadap, Old Golimar, Mawach Goth, and even in some nearby town and villages in Sindh and Balochistan, Pakistan, Balochistan. The PAC has a bitter rivalry with the Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan, Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) in the city of Karachi. In March 2011, the PAC agreed to disband after its parent organizat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistan People's Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) is a political party in Pakistan and one of the three major Pakistani political parties alongside the Pakistan Muslim League (N) and Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. With a centre-left political position, it is currently the largest party in the federal Senate, and second-largest in the National Assembly; and is in government in Sindh and Balochistan. The party was founded in 1967 in Lahore, when a number of prominent left-wing politicians in the country joined hands against the rule of Ayub Khan, under the leadership of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. It is affiliated with the Socialist International. The PPP's platform was formerly socialist, and its stated priorities continue to include transforming Pakistan into a social-democratic state, promoting egalitarian values, establishing social justice, and maintaining a strong military. The Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) is a dynastic political party led by Asif Ali Zardari, who serves as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Awami National Party
The Awami National Party (ANP; , ; lit. ''People's National Party'') is a Pashtun nationalist, secular and leftist political party in Pakistan. The party was founded by Abdul Wali Khan in 1986 and its current president is Aimal Wali Khan, great-grandson of Bacha Khan, with Mian Iftikhar Hussain serving as the Secretary-General. Part of the PPP-led cabinet of the Pakistani government during 2008−13, ANP's political position is considered left-wing, advocating for secularism, public sector government, and social egalitarianism. ANP was the largest Pashtun nationalist party in Pakistan between 2008−2013 with influence lying in the Pashtun dominated areas in and around Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. They governed the province from 2008 to 2013 but lost to Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf in the assembly election of 2013. History Abdul Wali Khan's political career had been built on the tradition of intense Pashtun nationalism inherited from his father, Abdul Ghaffar Khan (Bacha Khan). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Special Branch (Pakistan)
Special Branch (Pakistan) () are an intelligence unit in the Police Service of Pakistan. It is a specialized unit in each provincial police force responsible for collecting and analyzing intelligence information within its territory. The Special Branches date back to the times of the British Raj and are controlled by the provincial governments. The unit is also responsible for the background checks of the government employees and the VIP security. Structure Each province has its own special branch of police and is responsible for collecting and analyzing intelligence information within its province. For administrative and operational efficiency, the Special Branch in Punjab is segmented into nine regions. Each region is headed by an officer holding the rank of Senior Superintendent or Superintendent of Police, overseeing the respective region's activities and operations. The Special Branch in Pakistan is overseen by an officer holding the rank of Additional Inspector General of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Investigation Agency
The Federal Investigation Agency (; reporting name: FIA) is a border control, criminal investigation, counter-intelligence and security agency under the control of the Interior Secretary of Pakistan, tasked with investigative jurisdiction on undertaking operations against Terrorism in Pakistan, terrorism, espionage, Crime in Pakistan, federal crimes, human smuggling, smuggling as well as copyright infringement, infringement and other specific crimes. Codified under the Constitution of Pakistan in 1974, the institution functions under the Ministry of Interior (Pakistan), Ministry of Interior (MoI). The FIA also undertakes international operations with the close co-operation and co-ordination of Interpol. Headquartered in Islamabad, the agency has various branches and field offices located in all major cities throughout Pakistan. Objectives The FIA's main goal and priority is to protect the nation's interests and defend State of Pakistan, Pakistan's interests locally, to uphold ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
The Intelligence Bureau ( ; IB) is an Intelligence service, intelligence and Security Agency, security agency in Pakistan, focused primarily on non-military intelligence. Established in 1947, the IB is Pakistan's oldest intelligence agency. It is led by the Director General (DG IB), who is usually an officer from the Law enforcement in Pakistan, Police Service of Pakistan. The government of Pakistan elevated the Intelligence Bureau status from a semi-autonomous agency to a Division, upgrading it to the equivalent of a Federal Ministry, under oversight of a Federal Secretary, federal secretary. Appointments and supervision of its operations are authorized by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. History The Intelligence Bureau traces its origin to the Central Special Branch, established on 23 December 1887 by the British Raj, British government in India to gather intelligence on political unrest. Its creation followed Secret Dispatch No. 11, dated 25 March 1887, in which R. A. Cross, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Counter Terrorism Authority
The National Counter Terrorism Authority (), commonly called NACTA, is a Pakistani internal security organization responsible for making counter terrorism and counter extremism policies and strategies. It also develops action plans against terrorism and extremism and reviews their implementation. It is mandated to devise a counter-terrorism strategy that should address short, medium and long-term goals and devise action plans for their implementation. It formulates threat assessments with periodic reviews. It advises the Federal Government on making adequate and timely efforts to counter terrorism and extremism. NACTA was initially set up in 2008, administratively, but its powers and mandate has been clearly spelled out in March 2013, under an Act of Parliament called NACTA Act 2013. ThNACTA 2013 Actsets up the framework of the organization. Board of Governors Under the NACTA Act, the National Counter Terrorism Authority is to be governed by a Board of Governors (BOG). The Feder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pakistani Intelligence Community
The Pakistani intelligence community () comprises the various intelligence agencies of Pakistan that work internally and externally to manage, research and collect intelligence necessary for national security. Consolidated intelligence organizations include the personnel and members of the intelligence agencies, military intelligence, and civilian intelligence and analysis directorates operationalized under the executive ministries of the government of Pakistan. A number of intelligences services are active working on varied intelligence programs including the collection and production of foreign and domestic intelligence, contribute to military planning, and perform espionage. The best known intelligence services are the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), Intelligence Bureau (IB), Military Intelligence (MI) and the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA). Etymology There are no fixed or official name for the intelligences services of Pakistan as one cooperative federation; all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Emblem Of Pakistan
The State Emblem of Pakistan was adopted in 1954 and National emblem, symbolises the Islamic republic, ideological foundation of the Pakistan, country, the basis of its economy, cultural heritage, and guiding principles. History Punjabi artist Abdur Rahman Chughtai was the designer of the first state emblem for Pakistan. On 18 May 1948, the design was approved by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, governor-general of Pakistan. The second design was adopted in 1954. It was designed by Meraj Muhammad, an artist from Dera Ghazi Khan, who was an alumnus of the National College of Arts, Mayo School of Arts. Design The four components of the emblem are a crescent and star crest above an Escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon, which is surrounded by a wreath, below which is a scroll. The crest and the green color of the emblem are considered traditional symbols of Islam. The quartered shield in the center shows cotton, wheat, Camellia sinensis, tea, and jute, which were the major crops of Pakistan at i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
