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Lysophospholipid Receptor
The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (biochemistry), receptors, each encoded by a separate gene. These LPL receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg" (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene). Ligands The ligands for LPL-R group are the lysophospholipid extracellular lipid signaling, signaling molecules, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Origin of name The term ''lysophospholipid'' (LPL) refers to any phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-fatty acid, acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or the sn-2 position. The prefix 'lyso-' comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic, however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result of phosph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
G Protein-coupled Receptor
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptors, and G protein-linked receptors (GPLR), form a large group of evolutionarily related proteins that are cell surface receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate cellular responses. They are coupled with G proteins. They pass through the cell membrane seven times in the form of six loops (three extracellular loops interacting with ligand molecules, three intracellular loops interacting with G proteins, an N-terminal extracellular region and a C-terminal intracellular region) of amino acid residues, which is why they are sometimes referred to as seven-transmembrane receptors. Text was copied from this source, which is available under Attribution 2.5 Generic (CC BY 2.5) licence/ref> Ligands can bind either to the extracellular N-terminus and loops (e.g. glutamate receptors) or to the binding site wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cell Proliferation
Cell proliferation is the process by which ''a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells''. Cell proliferation leads to an exponential increase in cell number and is therefore a rapid mechanism of tissue growth. Cell proliferation requires both cell growth and cell division to occur at the same time, such that the average size of cells remains constant in the population. Cell division can occur without cell growth, producing many progressively smaller cells (as in cleavage of the zygote), while cell growth can occur without cell division to produce a single larger cell (as in growth of neurons). Thus, cell proliferation is not synonymous with either cell growth or cell division, despite these terms sometimes being used interchangeably. Stem cells undergo cell proliferation to produce proliferating "transit amplifying" daughter cells that later differentiate to construct tissues during normal development and tissue growth, during tissue regeneration after da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lipid Signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological cell signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor (biochemistry), receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely molecular diffusion, diffuse through Cell membrane, membranes (''see osmosis''). One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in Vesicle (biology), vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesis, biosynthesized "on demand" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serous fluid, serum. Sphingolipid second messengers Ceramide Ceramide (Cer) can be generated by the breakdown of sphingom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S1PR5
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 5 also known as S1PR5 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Hence this receptor is also known as S1P5. Agonists * A-971432 * Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists: a patent review (2010-2012) Evolution Paralogues for S1PR5 Gene * S1PR1 * S1PR3 * S1PR2 * S1PR4 * LPAR1 * LPAR2 * GPR3 * LPAR3 * GPR12 * CNR1 * GPR6 * CNR2 * MC4R * MC3R * MC5R * GPR119 * MC1R * MC2R See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (biochemistry), receptors, each encode ... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * External links * * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S1PR4
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 also known as S1PR4 is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Hence this receptor is also known as S1P4. Function This gene is a member of the endothelial differentiation, G-protein-coupled (EDG) receptor gene family. EDG receptors bind lysophospholipids or lysosphingolipids as ligands, and are involved in cell signalling in many different cell types. This EDG receptor gene is intronless and is specifically expressed in the lymphoid tissue. Evolution Paralogues to S1PR4 Gene * S1PR5 * S1PR3 * S1PR1 * S1PR2 * LPAR2 * LPAR1 * LPAR3 * CNR1 * GPR6 * CNR2 * GPR3 * GPR12 * MC4R * MC5R * MC3R * MC2R * MC1R * GPR119 See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S1PR3
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 also known as ''S1PR3'' is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Hence this receptor is also known as S1P3. Function This gene encodes a member of the EDG family of receptors, which are G protein-coupled receptors. This protein has been identified as a functional receptor for sphingosine 1-phosphate and likely contributes to the regulation of angiogenesis and vascular endothelial cell function. Evolution Paralogues to S1PR3 Gene * S1PR1 * S1PR5 * S1PR2 * S1PR4 * LPAR1 * LPAR3 * LPAR2 * CNR1 * MC5R * GPR6 * GPR12 * MC4R * CNR2 * GPR3 * MC3R * MC2R * GPR119 * MC1R See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (biochemistry), receptors, each ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S1PR2
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2, also known as S1PR2 or S1P2, is a human gene which encodes a G protein-coupled receptor which binds the lipid signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Function This protein participates in sphingosine 1-phosphate-induced cell proliferation, survival, and transcriptional activation. It has also been shown to interact with Nogo-A (RTN4), an neurite outgrowth inhibitor. S1PR2 is expressed in neuronal and vascular cells and is crucial for the migration and growth of developing and injured neuronal and vascular system. Evolution Paralogues * S1PR1 * S1PR3 * S1PR5 * S1PR4 * LPAR2 * LPAR1 * LPAR3 * CNR1 * GPR6 * MC3R * GPR12 * GPR3 * MC4R * MC1R * CNR2 * MC5R * MC2R * GPR119 See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (bioc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S1PR1
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P receptor 1 or S1PR1), also known as endothelial differentiation gene 1 (EDG1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''S1PR1'' gene. S1PR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor which binds the bioactive signaling molecule sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1PR1 belongs to a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subfamily comprising five members (S1PR1-5). S1PR1 was originally identified as an abundant transcript in endothelial cells and it has an important role in regulating endothelial cell cytoskeletal structure, migration, capillary-like network formation and vascular maturation. In addition, S1PR1 signaling is important in the regulation of lymphocyte maturation, migration and trafficking. Structure S1PR1 like the other members of the GPCR family is composed of seven-transmembrane helices arranged in a structurally conserved bundle. Like other GPCRs, in the extracellular region S1PR1 is composed of three loops: ECL1 between helices II an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPAR6
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6, also known as LPA6, P2RY5 and GPR87, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LPAR6'' gene. LPA6 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of G-protein coupled receptors, that are preferentially activated by adenosine and uridine nucleotides. This gene aligns with an internal intron of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene in the reverse orientation. Role in hair growth/loss In February 2008, researchers at the University of Bonn announced they have found the genetic basis of two distinct forms of inherited hair loss, opening a broad path to treatments for baldness. They found that mutations in the gene P2RY5 causes a rare, inherited form of hair loss called hypotrichosis simplex. It is the first receptor in humans known to play a role in hair growth. The fact that any receptor plays a specific role in hair growth was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPAR5
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 also known as LPA5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LPAR5'' gene. LPA5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (biochemistry), receptors, each encode ... References Further reading * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPAR4
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 also known as LPA4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LPAR4'' gene. LPA4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). See also * Lysophospholipid receptor * P2Y receptor P2Y receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors, stimulated by nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, uridine triphosphate, uridine diphosphate and UDP-glucose.To date, 8 P2Y receptors have been ... References Further reading * * * * * * G protein-coupled receptors {{transmembranereceptor-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LPAR3
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 also known as LPA3 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ''LPAR3'' gene. LPA3 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Function This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, as well as the EDG family of proteins. This protein functions as a cellular receptor for lysophosphatidic acid and mediates lysophosphatidic acid-evoked calcium mobilization. This receptor couples predominantly to G(q/11) alpha proteins. Evolution Paralogues Source: * LPAR1 * LPAR2 * S1PR1 * S1PR3 * S1PR4 * S1PR2 * S1PR5 * CNR1 * GPR3 * MC5R * GPR6 * GPR12 * MC4R * CNR2 * MC3R * MC1R * MC2R * GPR119 See also * Lysophospholipid receptor The lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family of integral membrane proteins that are important for lipid signaling. In humans, there are eleven LPL receptor (biochemistry), receptors, eac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
