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Lud Son Of Shem
Lud ( ''Lūḏ'') was a son of Shem and grandson of Noah, according to ''Book of Genesis, Genesis'' 10 (the "Table of Nations"). The descendants of Lud are usually, following Josephus, connected with various Anatolian peoples, particularly Lydia (Assyrian ''Luddu'') and their predecessors, the Luwians; cf. Herodotus' assertion (''Histories'' i. 7) that the Lydians were first so named after their king, Lydus (Λυδός). However, the chronicle of Hippolytus of Rome (c. 234 AD) identifies Lud's descendants with the ''Lazones'' or ''Alazonii'' (names usually taken as variants of the "Halizones" said by Strabo to have once lived along the Halys River, Halys) while it derives the Lydians from the aforementioned Ludim, son of Mizraim. The ''Book of Jubilees'', in describing how the world was divided between Noah's sons and grandsons, says that Lud received "the mountains of Asshur and all appertaining to them till it reaches the Great Sea, and till it reaches the east of Asshur his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludim
Ludim () is the Hebrew term for a people mentioned in Jeremiah and Ezekiel. In the Biblical ''Table of Nations'' Genesis 10:13 they were descended from Mizraim. The biblical scholar Victor P. Hamilton believes that the available evidence "suggests" that the Ludim are the Lydians. According to Josephus, their land was in Libya which was west of Egypt near the tribes of Phut in the land of the Moors towards the extreme west of Africa and the Atlantic Ocean. Pliny in his natural history mentions the river Laud along south of the Atlas Mountains near the river Fut (Phut). Medieval biblical exegete Saadia Gaon, identifies the Ludim with ''Tanisiin'', and which R. Yosef Qafih thought may have been referring to the inhabitants of Tunis. These Ludim should not be confused with another group who were said to descend from Lud, son of Shem, son of Noah. Ludim is sometimes thought to be a scribal error for ''Lubim'', in reference to Libya Libya, officially the State of Liby ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halys River
Halys may refer to: * Health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a type of disability-adjusted life year which are used in attempts to quantify the burden of disease or disability in populations * Halys River, a western name for the Kızılırmak River (Turkish: "Red River") in Anatolia * ''Halys'' (bug), a genus of stink bugs * A taxonomic synonym for the genus '' Gloydius'', also known as Asian moccasin snakes, a group of venomous pitvipers found in Asia **'' Gloydius halys'', also known by the names ''Halys viper'' and ''Halys pit viper'' * Quentin Halys (born 1996), French tennis player See also * Battle of Halys, 82 BC * Battle of the Eclipse (also ''Battle of Halys'') between the Medes and the Lydians in the early 6th century BC * Halley's Bible Handbook by Dr. Henry Hampton Halley (1824-1965), a.k.a. 'Halley's' {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persians
Persians ( ), or the Persian people (), are an Iranian ethnic group from West Asia that came from an earlier group called the Proto-Iranians, which likely split from the Indo-Iranians in 1800 BCE from either Afghanistan or Central Asia. They are indigenous to the Iranian plateau and comprise the majority of the population of Iran.Iran Census Results 2016 United Nations Alongside having a common cultural system, they are native speakers of the and of the |
Muhammad Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari
Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad ibn Jarīr ibn Yazīd al-Ṭabarī (; 839–923 CE / 224–310 AH), commonly known as al-Ṭabarī (), was a Sunni Islam, Sunni Muslim ulama, scholar, polymath, Islamic history, historian, tafsir, exegete, faqīh, jurist, and aqidah, theologian from Amol, Tabaristan, present-day Iran. Among the most prominent figures of the Islamic Golden Age, al-Tabari is widely known for his historical works and expertise in Quran, Quranic exegesis, and has been described as "an impressively prolific polymath".Lindsay Jones (ed.), ''Encyclopedia of religion'', volume 13, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, p. 8943 He authored works on a diverse range of subjects, including world history (field), world history, Arabic poetry, poetry, lexicography, Arabic grammar, grammar, Islamic ethics, ethics, Islamic mathematics, mathematics, and Islamic medicine, medicine. Among his most famous and influential works are his Quranic commentary, ''Tafsir al-Tabari'', and historical chronicl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persia
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the northeast, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. With a Ethnicities in Iran, multi-ethnic population of over 92 million in an area of , Iran ranks 17th globally in both List of countries and dependencies by area, geographic size and List of countries and dependencies by population, population. It is the List of Asian countries by area, sixth-largest country entirely in Asia and one of the world's List of mountains in Iran, most mountainous countries. Officially an Islamic republic, Iran is divided into Regions of Iran, five regions with Provinces of Iran, 31 provinces. Tehran is the nation's Capital city, capital, List of cities in Iran by province, largest city and financial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Keyumars
Keyumars or Kiomars () was the name of the first king (shah) of the Pishdadian dynasty of Iran according to the ''Shahnameh''. The name appears in Avestan in the form of , or in medieval Zoroastrian texts as ''Gayōmard'' or ''Gayōmart''. In the Avesta he is the mythological first human being in the world. The corresponding name in Middle Persian is . In Ferdowsi's ''Shahnameh'' he appears as the first shah of the world. He is also called the (), the first to practice justice, the lawgiver. The Avestan form means "the living mortal", from 'life' and 'mortal, human being'; cf. Persian 'human' (). In Zoroastrian literature According to the Zoroastrian creation myth, Gayōmart, who was neither male nor female, was the first human, or, according to the Avesta, he was the first person to worship Ahura Mazda. The Avestan forms ''Mashya'' and ''Mashyana'' appear as the male and female first humans; their names are versions of the word 'mortal'. In the eighth book of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Meadows Of Gold
''Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems'' (, ') is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi. Written in Arabic and encompassing the period from the beginning of the world (starting with Adam and Eve) through to the late Abbasid era, the book contains historically documented facts, hadiths or sayings from reliable sources and stories, as well as poetry and anecdotes. ''The Meadows of Gold'' is considered unique in medieval Islamic history. Due to its reliance on and references to Islam, the style of the book makes up an example of what constitutes Islamic historiography. Editions and translations A first version of the book was allegedly completed in the year 947 AD and the author spent most of his life adding and editing the work. The first European version of ''The Meadows of Gold'' was published in both French and Arabic between 1861 and 1877 by the Societe Asiatique of Paris by Barbier de Meynard and Pavet de Courteille. For over 100 years this version wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Masudi
al-Masʿūdī (full name , ), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotus of the Arabs". A polymath and prolific author of over twenty works on theology, history (Islamic and universal), geography, natural science and philosophy, his celebrated magnum opus '' The Meadows of Gold'' () combines universal history with scientific geography, social commentary and biography. Birth, travels and literary output Apart from what al-Mas'udi writes of himself little is known. Born in Baghdad, he was descended from Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud, a companion of Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is believed that he was a member of Banu Hudhayl tribe of Arabs. Al-Masudi mentions a number of scholar associates he encountered during his journeys: Al-Masʿudi may have reached Sri Lanka and China although he is known to have met Abu Zayd al-Sirafi on the coast of the Persian Gulf and received information on China from him.[Mas‘udi. ''The Meadows of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atropatene
Atropatene (; ; ), also known as Media Atropatene, was an ancient Iranian peoples, Iranian kingdom established in by the Persian satrap Atropates (). The kingdom, centered in present-day Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region in northwestern Iran, was ruled by Atropates' descendants until the early 1st-century AD, when the Parthian Arsacid dynasty supplanted them. It was conquered by the Sasanians in 226, and turned into a province governed by a ''marzban'' ("margrave"). Atropatene was the only Iranian region to remain under Zoroastrian authority from the Achaemenids to the Muslim conquest of Persia, Arab conquest without interruption, aside from being briefly ruled by the Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonian king Alexander the Great (). The Old Persian name Ātṛpātakāna is the direct ancestor of the name of the historic Azerbaijan (Iran), Azerbaijan region in Iran. Name According to Strabo, the name of Atropatene derived from the name of Atropates, the commander of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medes
The Medes were an Iron Age Iranian peoples, Iranian people who spoke the Median language and who inhabited an area known as Media (region), Media between western Iran, western and northern Iran. Around the 11th century BC, they occupied the mountainous region of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia in the vicinity of Ecbatana (present-day Hamadan). Their consolidation in Iran is believed to have occurred during the 8th century BC. In the 7th century BC, all of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule, but their precise geographic extent remains unknown. Although widely recognized as playing an important role in the history of the ancient Near East, the Medes left no written records to reconstruct their history. Knowledge of the Medes comes only from foreign sources such as the Assyrians, Babylonians, Armenians and Ancient Greece, Greeks, as well as a few Iranian archaeological sites, which are believed to have been occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubdu
Lubdu, also written as Lubda or Lubdi, was a city in ancient Mesopotamia. It was a provincial center located south of Arrapḫa, modern Kirkuk. Location The exact site is uncertain, but researchers have proposed the mound of Tall Buldāgh (Arabic: تل بلداغ, also transcribed as ''Tall Buldağ'' or ''Tell Buldag'') as the possible location of Lubdu. This archeological site is located east of the road from Kirkuk to Tikrit, roughly in the first quarter of the way from the first city to the latter. The attempt of other researchers to locate Lubdu at modern Daquq is rejected by the historian Michael Astour, who argues that the name of Daquq is attested as ''Diquqina'' in the Neo-Assyrian period in the same time as Lubdu. Thus, the two were separate cities at a certain distance to each other. Records Lubdu was mentioned in the middle of the 15th century BCE in a text on a clay tablet in Hurrian by ''Itḫi-Tešup'', the king of Arrapḫa, where he appeals to a god cal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubal
Tubal (, ''Tuḇāl''), in Genesis 10 (the "Table of Nations"), was the name of a son of Japheth, son of Noah. Modern scholarship has identified him with Tabal. Traditionally, he is considered to be the father of the Caucasian Iberians (ancestors of the Georgians) according to primary sources. Later, Saint Jerome refashioned the Caucasian Iberia (Georgia) into the Iberian Peninsula (Western Europe) and Isidore of Seville consolidated this idea. Modern scholarship Modern scholarship has identified the biblical Tubal with Tabal, an Anatolian state and region mentioned in Assyrian sources. Tabal was a post-Hittite Luwian state in Asia Minor in the 1st millennium BC. Its neighbours, the Mushki, are traditionally associated with Meshech. Some historians further connect Tabal and Tubal with the tribe on the Black Sea coast later known to the Greeks as Tibareni, although this connection is uncertain. The Tibareni and nearby tribes, the ''Chalybes'' (Khalib/Khaldi) and the Mossynoe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
