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Louis, Landgrave Of Hesse-Philippsthal
Louis of Hesse-Philippsthal (German: ''Ludwig von Hessen-Philippsthal''; 8 October 1766 – 15 February 1816) was a German nobility, German nobleman and a general. He fought for the Kingdom of Naples (later Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). From 1813 until his death, he was the ruling Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal. Biography Louis was born at Philippsthal as the son of William, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal and his wife, Princess Ulrike Eleonora of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld. A prince of the family of the Landgrave of Hesse, Landgraves of Hesse-Philippsthal, he fought for the Kingdom of Naples during the Napoleonic Wars. In the course of the War of the Third Coalition, he commanded the garrison of the fortress of Gaeta in the siege of Gaeta (1806), siege laid by the French in 1806, refusing to obey the order of the Neapolitan government to surrender it. His troops resisted for six months, until 18 July after Louis, while leading his men on the bastions, was wounded on 10 Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
House Of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Reginar, House of Brabant. They ruled the region of Hesse, one branch as prince-electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918.Burke's Peerage, Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume I: ''Europe & Latin America'' (1977), pp. 202, 208, 211-216. History The origins of the House of Hesse begin with the marriage in 1241 of Sophie of Thuringia, Duchess of Brabant, Sophie of Thuringia (daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, and Elizabeth of Hungary) with Henry II, Duke of Brabant, from the House of Reginar. Sophie was the heiress of Hesse, which she passed on to her son, Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse, Henry, upon her retention of the territory following her partial victory in the War of the Thuringian Succession, in which she was one of the belligerents. Originally the western part of the Landgrave, Landgraviate of Thuringia, in the mid 13th century, it was inherited by the you ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mileto
The Battle of Mileto took place during the War of the Fourth Coalition on 28 May 1807 in Calabria. The Bourbon Kingdom of Sicily attempted to re-conquer its possessions in continental Italy, known as the Kingdom of Naples. The battle ended in a victory for French forces under general Jean Reynier. Preparations Ferdinand IV of Naples sided with the Third Coalition against Napoleon and so in 1806 France invaded his kingdom, forcing its royal family to flee to Sicily and turning the area into a battleground between France and Britain, the two main powers attempting to control the Mediterranean at the time. The Bourbon royals allied themselves with Britain, whose Royal Navy protected Sicily, whilst Napoleon I made his brother Joseph Bonaparte king of Naples, which he remained until 1808, when he was succeeded by Joachim Murat. From their Sicilian base, the Bourbons and the British then attempted to foment a brigand revolt against the new French-ruled Kingdom of Naples. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William, Landgrave Of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld
William of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (1 April 1692 – 13 May 1761) was a member of the House of Hesse and was Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld from 1721 to 1761. Life William was a younger son of Landgrave Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal from his marriage to Catherine Amalie (1654–1736), daughter of Count Karl Otto of Solms-Laubach. Wilhelm founded the non-sovereign line Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld of the House of Hesse in 1721, after the death of his father, who had left him Barchfeld and Herleshausen in his will. Between 1690 and 1732 he built the baroque Wilhelmsburg Castle with three wings, which was named after him, in Barchfeld. He served in the Hessian army and later in the Dutch army. In 1732, he was appointed governor of Ypres. In 1733, he was promoted to lieutenant general of the cavalry. In 1743, he led the Dutch troops in the War of the Austrian Succession. In 1744, he had to surrender Ypres to the French. He fought in the Battle of Fontenoy a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles I, Landgrave Of Hesse-Philippsthal
Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal (23 September 1682 – 8 May 1770) was a member of the House of Hesse and Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal from 1721 until his death. Life Charles was the eldest son of Landgrave Philip of Hesse-Philippsthal from his marriage to Catherine Amalie, daughter of Count Charles Otto of Solms-Laubach. He succeeded his father in 1721 as Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal. Charles joined the Danish army in 1701 and fought in the War of the Spanish Succession. On 10 March 1710, he distinguished himself at the Battle of Helsingborg and was promoted to Major General. In 1715 he was involved in the landing at Rügen and the subsequent siege of Stralsund. He then joined the French army and was appointed Lieutenant General on 13 March 1721. On 6 June 1731, he was awarded the Danish Order of the Elephant. He later joined the Imperial military service, where he achieved the rank of Field Marshal. Marriage and issue Charles married on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ville-sur-Illon
Ville-sur-Illon is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France. See also *Communes of the Vosges department The following is a list of the 506 communes of the Vosges department of France. Intercommunalities The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):Communes of Vosges (department) {{Vosges-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Carolina Of Austria
Maria Carolina of Austria (Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was Queen of Naples and Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand IV and III, who later became King of the Two Sicilies. As ''de facto'' ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in 1775, Maria Carolina was admitted to the Privy Counc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mistress Of The Robes
The mistress of the robes was the senior lady in the Royal Household of the United Kingdom, who would, by appointment, attend on the Queen (whether queen regnant or a queen consort). Queens dowager retained their own mistresses of the robes. In the 18th century Princesses of Wales had one, too. Initially responsible for the queen's clothes and jewellery (as the name implies), the post-holder latterly had the responsibility for arranging the rota of attendance of the ladies-in-waiting on the queen, being in attendance herself on more formal occasions, and undertaking duties at state ceremonies. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this role often overlapped with or was replaced as first lady of the bedchamber. In modern times, the mistress of the robes was almost always a duchess. In the past, whenever the Queen was a queen regnant, the mistress of the robes was a political appointment, changing with the government; however, this has not been the case since the death of Queen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catholic
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide as of 2025. It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions and has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilization.Gerald O'Collins, O'Collins, p. v (preface). The church consists of 24 Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites#Churches, ''sui iuris'' (autonomous) churches, including the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, which comprise almost 3,500 dioceses and Eparchy, eparchies List of Catholic dioceses (structured view), around the world, each overseen by one or more Bishops in the Catholic Church, bishops. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the Papal supremacy, chief pastor of the church. The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Immediacy
In the Holy Roman Empire, imperial immediacy ( or ) was the status of an individual or a territory which was defined as 'immediate' () to Emperor and Empire () and not to any other intermediate authorities, while one that did not possess that status was defined as 'mediate' (). The possession of this imperial immediacy granted a constitutionally unique form of territorial authority known as "territorial superiority" () which had nearly all the attributes of sovereignty, but fell short of true sovereignty since the rulers of the Empire remained answerable to the Empire's institutions and basic laws. In the early modern period, the Empire consisted of over 1,800 immediate territories, ranging in size from quite large such as Austria, Bavaria, Saxony, and Brandenburg, down to the several hundred tiny immediate estates of the Imperial knights of only a few square kilometers or less, which were by far the most numerous. Acquisition The criteria of immediacy varied and classification ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
