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Lost Children Of Francoism
The lost children of Francoism (; ; ) were the children Child abduction, abducted from Second Spanish Republic, Republican parents, who were either in jail or had been assassinated by National faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist troops, during the Spanish Civil War and Francoist Spain, and later from random citizens or girls confined in the notorious Women's Protection Board. The kidnapped children were sometimes also victims of child trafficking and forced adoption. The numbers of stolen children are highly speculative because these children were often not registered upon birth, and even when they had been registered, archives were destroyed later; these figures may include children who became orphaned as a result of the Civil War (1936–1939) and, therefore, do not fall under the same category as children taken away from their parents by the regime after the war for political or social reasons. Hispanic eugenics Hispanic eugenics was pioneered by doctors like Antonio Val ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spain
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country in Southern Europe, Southern and Western Europe with territories in North Africa. Featuring the Punta de Tarifa, southernmost point of continental Europe, it is the largest country in Southern Europe and the fourth-most populous European Union member state. Spanning across the majority of the Iberian Peninsula, its territory also includes the Canary Islands, in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands, in the Western Mediterranean Sea, and the Autonomous communities of Spain#Autonomous cities, autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla, in mainland Africa. Peninsular Spain is bordered to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; to the east and south by the Mediterranean Sea and Gibraltar; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. Spain's capital and List of largest cities in Spain, largest city is Madrid, and other major List of metropolitan areas in Spain, urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Málaga
Málaga (; ) is a Municipalities in Spain, municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 591,637 in 2024, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia and the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities#By population, sixth most populous in the country. It lies in Southern Iberian Peninsula, Iberia on the Costa del Sol ("Coast of the Sun") of the Mediterranean, primarily in the left bank of the Guadalhorce. The urban core originally developed in the space between the Gibralfaro, Gibralfaro Hill and the Guadalmedina. Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation#Europe, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770BC by the Phoenicians from Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre as ''Malaka''. From the 6th centuryBC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Cartha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Terror (Spain)
The White Terror (), also called the Francoist Repression (), was the political repression and mass violence against dissidents that were committed by the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), as well as during the first nine years of the regime of General Francisco Franco. From 1936–1945, Francoist Spain officially designated supporters of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), liberals, socialists of different stripes, Protestants, intellectuals, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jews, immigrants as well as Basque, Catalan, Andalusian, and Galician nationalists as enemies. The Francoist Repression was motivated by the right-wing notion of social cleansing (), which meant that the Nationalists immediately started executing people viewed as enemies of the state upon capturing territory. As a response to the similar mass killings of their clergy, religious, and laity during the Republican Red Terror, the Spanish Catholic Church legitimized the kill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Violence And Rape In Francoist Spain And The Democratic Transition
Gender violence and rape in Francoist Spain was a problem that was a result of Nationalist attitudes developed during the Spanish Civil War. Sexual violence was common on the part of Nationalist forces and their allies during the Civil War. Falangist rearguard troops would rape and murder women in cemeteries, hospitals, farmhouses, and prisons. They would rape, torture and murder socialists, young girls, nurses and milicianas. Regular Nationalist soldiers engaged in similar patterns of rape, torture and murder in places like Maials, Callus and Cantalpino. Moroccan Foreign Legionaries were used to commit rape against women to instil terror among local populaces, using rape as a weapon of war. Women in prison were also raped, often facing death if they refused to have sex with their captors. The exact extent of the problem will likely never be known as there was less record keeping around women, and quantification attempts have largely resulted in the erasure of women's history ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ana Belén
María del Pilar Cuesta Acosta (born 27 May 1951), known professionally as Ana Belén, is a Spanish actress and singer. She and her husband are considered symbols of the Spanish Transition, and her songs and albums often feature boldly-titled works with social and political content. Life/career Born on 27 May 1951 in Madrid, María del Pilar Cuesta Acosta is the eldest of three siblings. Her father was a cook in Hotel Palace, and her mother worked as doorwoman at an estate.ANA BELÉN Inicios de su carrera anabelen.es; accessed 18 March 2015. Cuesta made her feature film debut in '' Zampo y yo'' (1966) starring as a girl named Ana Belén alongside [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Council Of Europe
The Council of Europe (CoE; , CdE) is an international organisation with the goal of upholding human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. Founded in 1949, it is Europe's oldest intergovernmental organisation, representing 46 member states from Europe, with a population of approximately 675 million ; it operates with an annual ordinary budget of approximately 500 million euros. The organisation is distinct from the European Union (EU), although people sometimes confuse the two organisations – partly because the EU has adopted the original Flag of Europe, European flag, designed for the Council of Europe in 1955, as well as the Anthem of Europe, European anthem. No country has ever joined the EU without first belonging to the Council of Europe. The Council of Europe is an official United Nations General Assembly observers, United Nations observer. Unlike the EU, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws; however, the council has produced a numbe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Servicio Exterior De Falange
The ''Servicio Exterior de Falange''Later, after the establishment of ''FET y de las JONS'', it was called the ''Delegación Nacional del Servicio Exterior de Falange'' (DNSEF; National Delegation of the Phalanx Foreign Service). Naranjo Orovio 1988, p. 9. (English: Phalanx Foreign Service), sometimes known simply as the "''Falange Exterior''", was an organisation of the ''Falange España Tradicionalista y de las JONS'', the single party of the Francoist regime. It was in charge of coordinating the actions of the various Falange delegations that existed outside Spanish territory. Founded at the dawn of the Civil War, after the outbreak of the conflict the organization was reorganized according to the needs of the time, serving as liaison for the Falange sections abroad. During those years it developed an active propaganda work abroad. During the World War II it played a relevant role, especially among the Spanish populations in South America and the Philippines. The ''Servicio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime Against Humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain serious crimes committed as part of a large-scale attack against civilians. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity can be committed during both peace and war and against a state's own nationals as well as foreign nationals.Margaret M. DeGuzma"Crimes Against Humanity"''Research Handbook on International Criminal Law'', Bartram S. Brown, ed., Edgar Elgar Publishing, 2011. Together with war crimes, genocide, and the crime of aggression, crimes against humanity are one of the core crimes of international criminal law and, like other crimes against international law, Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity, have no temporal or jurisdictional limitations on prosecution (where universal jurisdiction is recognized). The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place during the Nuremberg trials against defeated leaders of Nazi Germany. Crimes against humanity have been prosecut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltasar Garzón
Baltasar Garzón Real (; born 26 October 1955) is a Spanish former judge in Spain's central criminal court, the '' Audiencia Nacional'' responsible for investigation the most serious criminal cases, including terrorism, organised crime, crimes against humanity, Illegal drug trade, money laundering and state terrorism. Garzón came to international prominence in 1998 by having former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet arrested in London for extradition based on international human rights law. The judge had already become well known in Spain for investigating Basque separatist group ETA and for his probe into government death squads in the 1980s which is thought to have helped to bring down the Socialist government in 1996 elections. In 2005, as a result of Garzón´s indictment of a group of men (including Osama Bin Laden) for their alleged membership of a terrorist group, 24 were put on trial in Europe's biggest trial of alleged al-Qaeda operatives. In 2009 Garzón made a con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law
The Spanish 1977 Amnesty Law is a law passed by the Parliament of Spain and given royal assent on October 15, 1977, two years after Francisco Franco's death.Ackar, Kadribasic (2010Transitional Justice in Democratization Processes: The Case of Spain from an International Point of View ''International Journal of Rule of Law, Transitional Justice and Human Rights'', pp. 120-121. The Law freed political prisoners and permitted those exiled to return to Spain, but also guaranteed impunity for those who participated in crimes, during the Civil War, and in Francoist Spain. The law is still in force, and has been used as a reason for not investigating and prosecuting Francoist human rights violations.Paloma Aguilar, "The Timing and the Scope of Reparation, Truth and Justice Measures: A Comparison of the Spanish, Argentinian and Chilean Cases" i''Building a Future on Peace and Justice: Studies on Transitional Justice''(eds. Kai Ambos, Judith Large, and Marieke Wierda: Springer, 2009), pp. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Murcia
The University of Murcia () is the primary institute of higher education in Murcia, Spain. With a student population of approximately 38,000, it is the largest university in the Region of Murcia. Founded in 1272 AD, the University of Murcia is the third oldest university in Spain, following only the University of Salamanca (1218 AD) and the University of Valladolid (1241 AD), and the thirteenth oldest in the world. The University of Murcia was established by the King Alfonso X of Castile under the Crown of Castile. The majority of the university's facilities and buildings are spread over two campuses: the older is La Merced, situated in the town center, and the larger is Espinardo, 5km to the north of Murcia. History The first university in Murcia was founded as the Universitas Studiorum Murciana by Alfonso X of Castile around 1272. The current modern University of Murcia was founded in 1915, making it the tenth oldest university in Spain among the modern universiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Université Libre De Bruxelles
The (French language, French, ; lit. Free University of Brussels; abbreviated ULB) is a French-speaking research university in Brussels, Belgium. It has three campuses: the ''Solbosch'' campus (in the City of Brussels and Ixelles), the ''Plaine'' campus (in Ixelles) and the ''Erasmus'' campus (in Anderlecht). The Université libre de Bruxelles was formed in 1969 by the splitting of the Free University of Brussels (1834–1969), Free University of Brussels, which was founded in 1834 by the lawyer and Liberalism, liberal politician Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen. The founder aimed to establish a university independent from state and church, where academic freedom would prevail. This is still reflected in the university's motto , or "Conquering darkness through science". One of the leading Belgian universities open to Europe and the world, the ULB now has about 24,200 students, 33% of whom come from abroad, and an equally cosmopolitan staff. Name Brussels has two universities whose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
