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Lithuanian Mutual Aid Society Of Vilnius
The Lithuanian Mutual Aid Society of Vilnius () was a mutual aid society, mutual aid and cultural society active in Vilnius, then part of the Russian Empire, from 1904 to 1915. It originated from the illegal social club known as the Twelve Apostles of Vilnius which formed around 1895. The society was an integral part of establishing Vilnius as the cultural center of the Lithuanian National Revival. The club organized Lithuanian cultural evenings and distribution of the Lithuanian press ban, illegal Lithuanian publications, but its major accomplishment was obtaining the Church of Saint Nicholas, Vilnius, Church of Saint Nicholas for the needs of the Lithuanian community in Vilnius. Before, there was no church in the city that held masses in Lithuanian language, Lithuanian. Starting in May 1896, members of the club submitted repeated petitions to various religious and civil authorities until their demands were met in December 1901. The Church of Saint Nicholas remained the only church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mutual Aid Society
A benefit society, fraternal benefit society, or fraternal benefit order is a voluntary association formed to provide mutual aid, benefit, for instance insurance for relief from sundry difficulties. Such organizations may be formally organized with charters and established customs or may arise ''ad hoc'' to meet the unique needs of a particular time and place. Often fitting this description include friendly societies, or mutual aid organizations. Many major financial institutions existing today, particularly some insurance companies, mutual savings banks, and credit unions, trace their origins back to benefit societies, as can many modern fraternal organizations and fraternal orders which are now viewed as being primarily social. The modern legal system essentially requires all such organizations of appreciable size to incorporate one of these forms or another to continue to exist on an ongoing basis. Benefit societies may be organized around a shared ethnic background, religion, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas Vileišis
Jonas Vileišis (January 3, 1872 – June 1, 1942) was a Lithuanian lawyer, politician, and diplomat. Early life and career Vileišis was born in Mediniai, near Pasvalys. In 1892 he graduated from the Šiauliai Gymnasium. During 1892-1894, he studied physics and mathematics at Saint Petersburg University. Later he transferred to the study of law, graduating in 1898. As a student he began contributing to the newspapers ''Varpas'' (''The Bell'') and ''Ūkininkas'' (''The Farmer''). From 1896 to 1898 he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. After returning to Lithuania, he began practicing law and joined the ''12 Apostles'' organization, dedicated to defending the right to use the Lithuanian language in print, which was banned at the time. In 1902 he participated in the creation of the Lithuanian Democratic Party. After the ban on Lithuanian language was lifted in 1904, Vileišis obtained permission to publish the newspaper '' Lietuvos Ūkininkas'' and was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vilna Governorate
The Vilna Governorate was a province ('' guberniya'') of the Northwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. In 1897, the governorate covered an area of and had a population of 1,591,207 inhabitants. The governorate was defined by the Minsk Governorate to the south, the Grodno Governorate to the southwest, the Suwałki Governorate to the west, the Kovno and Courland Governorates to the north, and the Vitebsk Governorate to the east. The capital was located in Vilna (Vilnius). The city also served as the capital of Vilna Governorate-General, which existed until 1912. The area roughly corresponded to the Vilnius Region, which was later occupied by Germany, Bolsheviks, and Poland. History The first governorates, Vilnius Governorate (consisting of eleven uyezds or districts) and Slonim Governorate, were established after the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Just a year later, on December 12, 1796, by order of Tsar Paul I they were merged into one governorate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aušra
''Aušra'' or ''Auszra'' (literally: ''dawn'') was the first national Lithuanian newspaper. The first issue was published in 1883, in Ragnit, East Prussia, Germany (newspaper credited it as ) East Prussia's ethnolinguistic part - Lithuania Minor. Later, it was published monthly in Tilsit (present-day Sovetsk). Even though only forty issues were published and the circulation did not exceed 1,000, it was a significant event as it marked the beginnings of the Lithuanian national rebirth that eventually resulted in an independent Lithuanian State (1918–1940). This period, between 1883 and 1904, when the Lithuanian press ban was enforced by Tsarist authorities, has been referred to as the ''Aušros gadynė'' (the Dawn Period). The printing ceased in 1886 as a result of financial issues. History After the Russian authorities denied permission to publish a Lithuanian newspaper in Vilnius, Jonas Šliūpas proposed to publish it in East Prussia, Germany. However, he was perceived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Churches In Vilnius
List of churches in Vilnius, Lithuania, includes existing places of worship – churches, synagogues, kenesas – even if they are no longer used for religious purposes. List Catholic Eastern Orthodox Old Believers, Protestants, Jews and Karaites {, class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" , - ! Image , , Name , , Lithuanian name , , Denomination !Date of Construction, , Location , - , , , Choral Synagogue of Vilnius , , Choralinė sinagoga , , Judaism , 1903, , , - , , , Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin, Vilnius , , Švč. Dievo Motinos Užtarėjos sentikių cerkvė , , Old Believers , 1906, , , - , , , Church of Jesus Christ, Vilnius , , Jėzaus Kristaus bažnyčia , , Latter Day Saints , 1993, , , - , , , Evangelical Lutheran Church, Vilnius , , Evangelikų liuteronų bažnyčia , , Protestantism , 1744, , , - , , , Evangelical Reformed Church, Vilnius , , Evangelikų reformatų bažnyčia , , Protestantism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okhrana
The Department for the Protection of Public Safety and Order (), usually called the Guard Department () and commonly abbreviated in modern English sources as the Okhrana ( rus , Охрана, p=ɐˈxranə, a=Ru-охрана.ogg, t= The Guard) was a secret police force of the Russian Empire and part of the police department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) in the late 19th century and early 20th century, aided by the Special Corps of Gendarmes. Overview Formed to combat political terrorism and left-wing politics and revolutionary activity, the Okhrana operated offices throughout the Russian Empire, as well as satellite agencies in a number of foreign countries. It concentrated on monitoring the activities of Russian revolutionaries abroad, including in Paris, where Okhrana agent Pyotr Rachkovsky (1853–1910) was based 1884–1902 before he returned to service in Saint Petersburg 1905–1906. The Okhrana deployed multiple methods, including assassination, clandesti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emilija Vileišienė
Emilija Vileišienė ''née'' Jasmantaitė (1861–1935) was a Lithuanian activist. Born to a noble family, she attended the Smolny Institute and lived with her older brother in Saint Petersburg and Caucasus. When her brother became severely ill, they moved to Vilnius (Wilno, Vilna) where Vileišienė met her husband Antanas Vileišis and became active in Lithuanian cultural life. She was an active member of various Lithuanian organizations, including the Lithuanian Mutual Relief Society of Vilnius, Society of Saint Zita for servants, cultural Rūta Society. During World War I, she was a board member of the Lithuanian Society for the Relief of War Sufferers and was particularly active in organizing relief for war refugees. After the war, she remained in Vilnius and continued active public life despite several arrests by the Polish government. In 1928–1930, she toured numerous Lithuanian American communities collecting donations for the orphans and the poor. Biography Early l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petras Vileišis
Petras Vileišis (; 25 January 1851 – 12 August 1926) was a prominent Lithuanian engineer specializing in the construction of railroad bridges. He was very active in Lithuanian public life and together with his brothers Jonas Vileišis, Jonas and Antanas Vileišis, Antanas became one of the key figures of the Lithuanian National Revival. He studied mathematics at St. Petersburg University and railroad construction at the St. Petersburg State Transport University, Emperor Alexander I Institute of Transport Engineers. For about two decades, Vileišis designed and constructed various railroad bridges across the Russian Empire amassing a substantial personal fortune. In 1899, he returned to Lithuania and settled in Vilnius where he built Vileišis Palace and established the first Lithuanian-language daily newspaper ''Vilniaus žinios'' as well as a Lithuanian printing press, bookstore, and ironwork factory which later became Vilija (company), Vilija. None of these activities were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Felicija Bortkevičienė
Felicija Bortkevičienė ''née'' Povickaitė (1 September 1873 – 21 October 1945) was a Lithuanian politician and long-term publisher of ''Lietuvos ūkininkas'' and ''Lietuvos žinios''. She became active in public life after she moved to Vilnius in 1900 and became known as an energetic and prolific organizer, manager, and treasurer of numerous political, cultural, and charitable organizations. She joined and was one of the leaders of various political parties, including the Lithuanian Democratic Party, the Peasant Union, and the Lithuanian Peasant Popular Union. She was a delegate to the Great Seimas of Vilnius (1905), was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania (1920), and was considered for the positions of Minister of Provision and Public Work (1918) and President of Lithuania (1926). Bortkevičienė organized and ran several charitable organizations, including those supporting gifted students, political prisoners of the Russian Empire, Tsarist regime, and Deportat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė
Gabrielė Petkevičaitė (18 March 1861 – 14 June 1943) was a Lithuanian educator, writer, and activist. Her pen name Bitė (''Bee'') eventually became part of her last name. Encouraged by Povilas Višinskis, she joined public life and started her writing career in 1890, becoming a prominent member of the Lithuanian National Revival. She was the founder and chair of the Žiburėlis society to provide financial aid to struggling students, one of the editors of the newspaper ''Lietuvos žinios'', and an active member of the women's movement. In 1920, she was elected to the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania and chaired its first session. Her Literary realism, realist writing centered on exploring the negative impact of the social inequality. Her largest work, two-part novel ''Ad astra'' (1933), depicts the rising Lithuanian National Revival. Together with Žemaitė, she co-wrote several plays. Her diary, kept during World War I, was published in 1925–1931 and 2008–2011. Biogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Žemaitė
Žemaitė (, , "Samogitian woman") was the pen name of Julija Beniuševičiūtė-Žymantienė ( – 7 December 1921). She was a Lithuanian/Samogitian writer, democrat and educator. Born to impoverished gentry, she became one of the major participants in the Lithuanian National Revival. She wrote about peasant life in the style best described as realism. Life Žemaitė was born in a manor house near Plungė in the Kovno Governorate of the Russian Empire. Her father Antanas Beniuševičius (died 1878) served as a manor steward and her mother Julijana Sciepuraitė (died 1874) was a housekeeper. Žemaitė had three sisters. As a child, she was forbidden by her parents to play with the children of serfs or learn the Lithuanian language. Like many of the Lithuanian nobility, her parents had become Polonized, and were of the belief that speaking Lithuanian was a step backward socially, so her parents used the surname Bieniuszewicz and the Polish language in everyday life, and they al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
