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List Of Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (, ) was a privileged social class in the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland. The term ''szlachta'' was also used for the Lithuanian nobility after the union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland as the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (Union of Lublin, 1569) and for the increasingly Polonization, Polonized nobilities of territories controlled by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Ducal Prussia and the Ruthenian lands. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a semi-confederated, semi-federated monarchic republic from 1569 until 1795, comprising the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The head of state was an election, elected monarch. The Commonwealth's dominant social class was the nobility. This article chiefly lists the nobility's ''magnate'' segment (the wealthier nobility), as they were the most prominent, famous, and notable. These families would receive non-hereditary 'cent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (; ; 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669), mononymously known as Rembrandt was a Dutch Golden Age painter, printmaker, and Drawing, draughtsman. He is generally considered one of the greatest visual artists in the history of Art of Europe, Western art.Gombrich, p. 420. It is estimated that Rembrandt's surviving works amount to about three hundred paintings, three hundred etchings and several hundred drawings. Unlike most Dutch painters of the 17th century, Rembrandt's works depict a wide range of styles and subject matter, from portrait painting, portraits and self-portraits to landscapes, genre scenes, allegorical and historical scenes, biblical and mythological subjects and animal studies. His contributions to art came in a period that historians call the Dutch Golden Age. Rembrandt never went abroad but was considerably influenced by the work of the Italian Old Masters and Bentvueghels, Dutch and Flemish artists who had studied in Italy. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnates
The term magnate, from the late Latin ''magnas'', a great man, itself from Latin ''magnus'', "great", means a man from the higher nobility, a man who belongs to the high office-holders or a man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities in Western Christian countries since the medieval period. It also includes the members of the higher clergy, such as bishops, archbishops and Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinals. In reference to the medieval, the term is often used to distinguish higher territorial landowners and warlords, such as counts, earls, dukes, and territorial-princes from the baronage. In Poland the ''szlachta'' (nobles) constituted one of the largest proportions of the population (around 10-12%) and 'magnat' refers to the richest nobles, or nobles of the nobility - even though they had equal voting rights in Poland's electoral monarchy. England In Kingdom of England, England, the magnate class went through a change in the later Middle Ages. It had ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubomirski
The House of Lubomirski is a Princely Houses of Poland, Polish princely family. The Lubomirski family's coat of arms is the Drużyna coat of arms, which is similar to the Szreniawa coat of arms but without a cross. Origin and the coat of arms The Lubomirski family have been actors in the history of Poland since the 10th century. There are two theories regarding the family's origin. One, by Adam Boniecki, a Polish heraldist, assumes that there were two branches of the family. One settled at the Szreniawa River in Proszowice County while the other established itself in Szczyrzyc County. The time of this division of the family is not known, but most likely it was before the adoption of Religion in Poland, Christianity by Poland. The Szreniawici family used a similar coat of arms, which means that the two families had the same ancestry. At the time of Mieszko I of Poland, Mieszko I, the members of the Lubomirski family demonstrated bravery in battle against paganism, pagans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xlibris Corporation
Xlibris is a self-publishing and on-demand printing services provider, founded in 1997 and based in Bloomington, Indiana, United States. In 2000, ''The New York Times'' stated it to be the foremost on-demand publisher. The current president is Bill Elliot. Overview Xlibris is a printing and distribution service that produces hardback and paperback books. It also publishes e-books in several formats. The company was acquired by a supported publishing company, Author Solutions, Inc., on January 8, 2009. Prior to that, 49% of the company had been owned by Random House. In the same year, the company announced its expansion into the UK, Australian, and New Zealand markets. The name is a derivation of the Latin term '' ex libris'', which means "from the library of". Reception In a ''New York Times ''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanckoroński
The House of Lanckoroński (plural: Lanckorońscy) was an old and wealthy Polish aristocratic family. Its representatives held power and influence in the Kingdom of Poland from the times of the late Piast dynasty (14th century) to the end of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (18th century). History The Lanckoroński name derives from the village of Lanckorona in Lesser Poland, a site of a castle. The family had previously hailed from Brzezie (today part of the town of Wodzisław). The Lanckorońskis were based in Kraków and Sandomierz and used the Zadora coat of arms. Emperor Joseph II’s confirmed the validity of the title of Count granted to the Lanckoroński family (18 November 1783). In the late 19th century, Count Karol Lanckoroński built the Palais Lanckoroński in Vienna. Notable representatives * Mikołaj z Brzezia (Mikołaj of Brzezie), 14th century Grand Crown Marshal * Zbigniew z Brzezia (Zbigniew of Brzezie), 15th century Grand Crown Marshal, (c. 1360� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyklopedia WIEM
WIEM Encyklopedia (full name in - "Great Interactive Multimedia Encyclopedia"; in Polish, ''wiem'' also means 'I know') is a Polish Internet encyclopedia. The encyclopedia was based on the first printed edition was released in mid-1990s (with Volume I of ''Popularna Encyklopedia Powszechna - Popular General Encyclopedia -'' released in 1994; 20 volumes and a supplement were released in total) with the second in 1998 (under the name ''Multimedialna'' ''Encyklopedia Powszechna'' - Multimedia Popular Encyclopedia). It contained about 66,000 entries and various multimedia add-ons. The 1998 edition was also released online (www.encyklopedia.pl) under the name Wielka Interaktywna Encyklopedia Multimedialna and in 2000 was acquired by the Polish web portal A web portal is a specially designed website that brings information from diverse sources, like emails, online forums and search engines, together in a uniform way. Usually, each information source gets its dedicated area on the page ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czartoryski
The House of Czartoryski (feminine form: Czartoryska, plural: Czartoryscy; ) is a Princely Houses of Poland, Polish princely family of Lithuanian-Ruthenians, Ruthenian origin, also known as the Familia (political party), Familia. The family, which derived their kin from the Gediminids dynasty, by the mid-17th century had split into two branches, based in the Klevan Castle and the Korets Castle, respectively. They used the Czartoryski coat of arms and were a szlachta, noble family of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century. The Czartoryski and the Potocki were the two most influential aristocratic families of the last decades of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795). History The Czartoryski family is of Lithuanian descent from Ruthenia. Their ancestor, a grandson of Gediminas, the List of rulers of Lithuania , Grand Duke of Lithuania, became known with his baptismal name Constantine ( 1330−1390) - he became a Prince of Staryi Chortoryisk, Chorto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chodkiewicz
The House of Chodkiewicz (; ) was one of the most influential Szlachta, noble families of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuanian-Ruthenians, Ruthenian descent within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th century.Chester S. L. Dunning, Caryl Emerson, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, ''The Uncensored Boris Godunov'', Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2007, SBN 0299207641Google Print, p. 498/ref> History Chodko Jurewicz, chamberlain to Grand Duke Vytenis, was probably the ancestor of the whole clan and gave it the name ''Chodkiewicz'', meaning "son of Chodzko". Surnames were not used in that time, but apparently later in history, the name ''Chodzko'' became a surname after Christianization of Chodzko Juriewicz, father of Iwan (later Jan) Chodkiewicz. They bore the Coat of arms of Chodkiewicz, Chodkiewicz coat of arms. In 1572, Jan Hieronimowicz Chodkiewicz converted from Calvinism to Roman Catholicism with his two sons, which made them the first polonization, Polonized gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borkowski
Borkowski ( ; feminine: Borkowska; plural: Borkowscy) or Borkowsky is a surname of Polish-language origin. It is a toponymic surname originated for a person associated with any of the places named Borków , Borki, Borkowice, or Borek . Russian equivalent: Borkovsky, Lithuanian: Barkauskas. The surname may refer to: * Alfons Dunin-Borkowski (1870–1938), Polish painter * Amy Borkowsky, American author and comedian * Anna Borkowska (other), multiple people * Ansley B. Borkowski (1898–1992), New York politician * Bartosz Borkowski (born 2006), Polish footballer * Bob Borkowski (1926–2017), American baseball player * Dave Borkowski (born 1977), American baseball player * Dennis Borkowski (born 2002), German footballer * Francis Borkowski (1936–2025), American academic, chancellor, and university president * Franciszek Borkowski (born 1957), Polish chess master * Frank Borkowski, German judoka * Ingo Borkowski (born 1971), German sailor * Mark Borkowski (b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
