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List Of Runestones
There are about 3,000 runestones in Scandinavia (out of a total of about 6,000 runic inscriptions). p. 38. The runestones are unevenly distributed in Scandinavia: The majority are found in Sweden, estimated at between 1,700 and 2,500 (depending on definition). Denmark has 250 runestones, and Norway has 50. There are also runestones in other areas reached by the Viking expansion, especially in the British Isles. Page, Raymond I. (1995). Runes and Runic Inscriptions: Collected Essays on Anglo-Saxon and Viking Runes'. Parsons, D. (ed.) Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 207–244 Most of these were on the Isle of Man where 31 from the Viking era have been found. Four have also been discovered in England, fewer than eight in Scotland and one or two in Ireland. There are scattered examples elsewhere (the Berezan' Runestone in Eastern Europe, Pritsak, O. (1987). ''The Origin of Rus'.'' Cambridge, Mass.: Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. Saw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Runestones
A runestone is typically a raised stone with a runic alphabet, runic inscription, but the term can also be applied to inscriptions on boulders and on bedrock. The tradition of erecting runestones as a memorial to dead men began in the 4th century and lasted into the 12th century, but the majority of the extant runestones date from the late Viking Age. While most of these are located in Scandinavia, particularly Sweden, there are also scattered runestones in locations that were visited by Norsemen. Runestones were usually brightly coloured when erected, though this is no longer evident as the colour has worn off. History The tradition of raising stones that had runic inscriptions first appeared in the 4th and 5th century, in Norway and Sweden, and these early runestones were usually placed next to graves, though their precise function as commemorative monuments has been questioned. The earliest Danish runestones appeared in the 8th and 9th centuries, and there are about 50 runest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rundata
The Scandinavian Runic-text Database () is a project involving the creation and maintenance of a database of transliterated runic inscriptions. The project's goal is to comprehensively catalog runestones in a machine-readable way for future research. The database is freely available via the Internet with a client program, called Rundata, for Microsoft Windows. For other operating systems, text files are provided or a web browser can be used to interact with the web applicatioRunor History The origin of the Rundata project was a 1986 database of Swedish inscriptions at Uppsala University for use in the Scandinavian Languages Department. At an international runic seminar in 1990, it was proposed to expand the database to cover all Nordic runic inscriptions, but funding for the project was not available until a grant was received in 1992 from the ''Axel och Margaret Ax:son Johnsons'' foundation. The project officially started on January 1, 1993 at Uppsala University. After 1997, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hogganvik Runestone
The Hogganvik runestone is a fifth-century runestone, bearing an Elder Futhark inscription, that was discovered in September 2009 by Arnfinn Henriksen, a resident of Hogganvik, in the Sånum-Lundevik area of Mandal, Norway, Mandal, Vest-Agder, Norway, while working in the garden. Description The Hogganvik runestone is a stone slab of about , weighing approximately . It was lying face down and the runic inscription is therefore well preserved. The inscription, which is in Proto-Norse, can be approximately dated to between 350 and 500 Common Era, CE and consists of 62 characters, one a bind-rune. This is an exceptionally long text for the early period, either the second longest after that of the Tune stone (known since 1627), or possibly the third; the inscription on the Rö runestone, Rö stone has missing and illegible runes. A report was issued in October 2009 by runologist James E. Knirk, and provides a transliteration of the inscription. Text The stone is a memorial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rök Runestone
The Rök runestone (; Rundata, Ög 136) is one of the most famous runestones, featuring the longest known runic alphabet, runic inscription in stone. It can now be seen beside the church in Rök, Ödeshög Municipality, Östergötland, Sweden. It is considered the first known piece of written Swedish literature and thus it marks the beginning of the history of Swedish literature.Gustafson, Alrik, Svenska litteraturens historia, 2 volums (Stockholm, 1963). First published as A History of Swedish Literature (American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1961). Chapter 1. About the stone The , tall stone was discovered built into the wall of a church in the 19th century and removed from the church wall a few decades later. The church was built in the 12th century, and it was common to use rune stones as building material for churches. The stone was probably carved in the early 9th century, judging from the main runic alphabet used ("short-twig" runes) and the form of the language. It is cove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eggjum Stone
The Eggja stone (also known as the Eggum or Eggjum stone), listed as N KJ101 in the Rundata catalog, is a grave stone with a runic inscription that was ploughed up in 1917 on the farm Eggja in Sogndal, Nordre Bergenhus amt (now in Vestland county), Norway. Description The Eggja stone was found with the written side downwards over a man's grave (cf. the Kylver stone) which is dated to the period 650–700 C.E. The flat slab of stone is nowadays in Bergen Museum. Having as many as 200 runes, it is the longest known inscription in the Elder Futhark, but certain runes are transitional towards the Younger Futhark. Many scholarly works have been written about the inscription, but only minor parts of the partially preserved inscription have received an accepted translation. It is generally agreed it is written in stylized poetry and in a partly metrical form containing a protection for the grave and the description of a funerary rite. However, there are widely diverging interpretations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stentoften Runestone
The Stentoften Runestone, listed in the Rundata catalog as DR 357, is a runestone which contains a curse in Proto-Norse that was discovered in Stentoften, Blekinge, Sweden. Inscription English translation provided by Rundata: Interpretation In lines AP and AQ, in the phrase "gaf j" ("gave j"), the j-rune is an ideographic rune that stands for the rune name *''jēra'', meaning "harvest" or "bountiful or fruitful year." One runologist suggests that line AQ is describing an animal sacrifice in return for a good harvest as part of a fertility ritual. History The Stentoften runestone was discovered in 1823 by the dean O. Hammer. It was lying down with the inscription facing downwards, surrounded by five sharp larger stones forming a pentagon or a pentagram. Consequently, the stone has been part of a larger monument like the Björketorp Runestone further east. In 1864, the runestone was moved into the church of Sölvesborg. Most scholars date the inscription to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Björketorp Runestone
The Björketorp Runestone (Rundata, DR 360 U) in Blekinge, Sweden. It is one of the world's tallest runestones measuring 4.2 metres in height. Inscription The runes were made in the 6th or the 7th century and in Proto-Norse language, Proto-Norse (a similar message is given on the Stentoften Runestone). It is found on two sides. The shorter message appears to say "I foresee perdition" or "prediction of perdition". The message of the other side is also debated. Swedish: "". Menhirs The runestone is paired with two high uninscribed menhirs. Analysis Most scholars date the inscription to the 7th century and it is carved with a type of runes that form an intermediate version between the Elder Futhark and the Younger Futhark. A characteristic example of this is the a-rune which has the same form as the h-rune of the younger futhark. This is the rune that is transliterated with A. The k-rune, which looks like a Y is a transition form between and in the two futharks. There are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Järsberg Runestone
The Järsberg Runestone is a runestone in the elder futhark near Kristinehamn in Värmland, Sweden. Inscription It contains the following runic text: The name ''Hrabnaz'' or Hrafn translates as Raven.Looijenga (2003:331). Interpretation The Järsberg Runestone is a stone of reddish granite that is believed to have been part of a stone circle monument. The upper part of the runestone is damaged; this was the case when the stone was found. It is thus impossible to say how much of the runic text has been lost. It is safe to assume that the right row is to be completed with an ''e'', but the left row is more problematic. If the name is preserved, it was likely the man's name ''Ubaz'' (owl), but many assume that the name was ''Leubaz'' (pleasant), which is a name element known from another migration age runestone in Skärkind, Östergötland, that is designated as Ög 171. Moreover, the remainder of this row of runic text has not been positively interpreted either. There are dive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Möjbro Runestone
The Möjbro Runestone is a runestone that is designated as U 877 in the Rundata catalog and is inscribed in Proto-Norse using the Elder Futhark. It was found in Möjbro, which is about 8 kilometers north of Örsundsbro in Uppsala County, Sweden, which is in the historic province of Uppland. The runestone is on display at the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm. Formerly placed in the 3rd century, the inscription and drawing are now mostly placed in the 5th or early 6th centuries. History Although the stone has been known since the initial surveys of runestones in Sweden during the 1600s, its exact original location is not known. The runestone is in height and made of granite. It is considered to be fragile. To protect the stone and its shallow inscription, it was moved in 1948 from Möjbro to the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities. Drawing The Möjbro Runestone is notable not only for being one of few runestones in Proto-Norse, but also for showing what is c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tune Runestone
The Tune stone is an important runestone from about 200–450 AD. It bears runes of the Elder Futhark, and the language is Proto-Norse. It was discovered in 1627 in the church yard wall of the church in Tune, Norway, Tune, Østfold, Norway. Today it is housed in the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History in Oslo. The Tune stone is possibly the oldest Norwegian attestation of Funeral, burial rites, inheritance, and beer. Inscription The stone has inscriptions on two sides, called side A and side B. Side A consists of an inscription of two lines (A1 and A2), and side B consists of an inscription of three lines (B1, B2 and B3), each line done in boustrophedon style.Antonsen (2002:126–127) The A side reads: ::A1: ekwiwazafter·woduri ::A2: dewitadahalaiban:worahto·?[--- The B side reads: ::B1: ????zwoduride:staina: ::B2: þrijozdohtrizdalidun ::B3: arbijasijostezarbijano The transcription of the runic text is: ::A: Ek Wiwaz after Woduride witandahlaiban worhto r[unoz]. ::B: [Me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einang Stone
The Einang stone (''Einangsteinen,'' Rundata, N KJ63) is a runestone located east of the Einang Sound near Fagernes, in Oppland, Norway, notable for the age of its runic inscription. The Einang runestone is located within the extensive Gardberg site. It is placed on a grave mound on a ridge overlooking the Valdres valley. There are several other grave mounds nearby. Today the runestone is protected by glass walls and a roof. Description The Einang stone bears an Elder Futhark inscription, written from right to left, in Proto-Norse that has been dated to the 4th century. It is the oldest runestone still standing at its original location, and it may be the earliest inscription to mention the word ''runo'' 'Runic alphabet, rune'. Here the word appears in the singular. Additionally, the verb used in the inscription for the act of inscribing is ''faihido'', which literally means 'painted'. This may mean that the inscription was originally highlighted with paint. Inscription The gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
