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List Of Reforms Of The English Language
For centuries, many people have called for language reforms of English, which vary in approach from the radical (completely overhauling existing conventions) to the conservative (preserving most while removing irregularities). Phonetic alphabets limited to English do not belong here. See :Phonetic alphabets. Spelling reforms Spelling reforms are attempts to regularize English spelling either by reducing the number of irregularities or by making it completely phonemic. This may be done using the existing basic English alphabet (basic), by extending it (extended) or by replacing it entirely (replaced). Such historical proposals include: Subsets ''Subsets'' are reforms that use a restricted wordlist and grammar. English subsets include: *Attempto Controlled English *Aviation English *Basic English *ClearTalk *Common Logic Controlled English * E-Prime * Gellish Formal English * Globish * Learning English *Logical English *ModeLang *Newspeak (fictional) *Plain English *Processable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Language
English is a West Germanic language that developed in early medieval England and has since become a English as a lingua franca, global lingua franca. The namesake of the language is the Angles (tribe), Angles, one of the Germanic peoples that Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain, migrated to Britain after its End of Roman rule in Britain, Roman occupiers left. English is the list of languages by total number of speakers, most spoken language in the world, primarily due to the global influences of the former British Empire (succeeded by the Commonwealth of Nations) and the United States. English is the list of languages by number of native speakers, third-most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish language, Spanish; it is also the most widely learned second language in the world, with more second-language speakers than native speakers. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in list of countries and territories where English ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Butler (beekeeper)
Charles Butler (1571 – 29 March 1647), sometimes called the ''Father of English Beekeeping'', was a logician, grammarian, author, priest (Vicar of Wootton St Lawrence, near Basingstoke, England), and an influential beekeeper. He was also an early proponent of English spelling reform. He observed that bees produce wax combs from scales of wax produced in their own bodies; and he was among the first to assert that drones are male and the queen female, though he believed worker bees lay eggs. Biography Butler was born into a poor family in Buckinghamshire, South East England, but became a boy chorister at Magdalen College, Oxford at the age of eight. At the age of ten, he matriculated, taking his BA in 1584 and his MA in 1587. In 1593, Butler became Rector of Nately Scures in Hampshire in 1593 and in 1595 became also Master at the Holy Ghost School, Basingstoke. He resigned to accept an incumbency at Wootton St Lawrence in 1600 and served that rural post until his death on 29 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Kingsley Read
Ronald Kingsley Read (19 February 1887February 1975) was one of four contestants chosen in 1959 to share the prize money for the design of the Shavian alphabet, a completely new alphabet intended for the writing of English. In 1960, he was appointed sole responsible designer of the alphabet. In the early 1960s, Read produced the quarterly journal ''Shaw-script'', which was printed using the Shavian alphabet. In 1966, after extensive testing of Shavian with English speakers from around the world, Read introduced Quikscript, a revised form of his Shavian alphabet. Quikscript, also known as the "Read alphabet", has more ligatures than Shavian, which makes it easier to write by hand. Its appearance is more cursive than Shavian. A few days before his death, he completed a new alphabet called ''Soundspell'' (now ''Readspel''), based, probably for increased chances of popular acceptance, on the Latin script The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quikscript
Quikscript (also known as the Read Alphabet and Second Shaw) is a constructed alphabet intended to replace traditional English orthography. It is a revised version of the Shavian alphabet, designed to be written more quickly by hand than its predecessor and make it more universal. Origins and history Read organized a lengthy public testing phase of Shavian by some 500 users from around the world who spoke different dialects of English. Once he had analyzed the results of those tests, Read decided to revise Shavian to incorporate a number of improvements to make it both easier and faster to write. He called the revised alphabet "Quikscript". In 1966, he published the Quikscript manual which set out the alphabet's rationale, and briefly discussed different possible methods of alphabet reform. The manual provides comprehensive instructions regarding the use of the alphabet along with reading samples. Description Each Quikscript letter represents a single English phoneme. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shavian Alphabet
The Shavian alphabet ( ; also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a Constructed writing system, constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of English orthography, conventional spelling using the English alphabet, Latin alphabet. It was posthumously funded by and named after Irish people, Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw and designed by Ronald Kingsley Read. Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet. It should be: # at least 40 letters; # as Phonemic orthography, phonetic as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes); # distinct from the Latin script, Latin alphabet to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply misspellings. Letters The Shavian alphabet consists of three types of letters: tall (with an ascender), deep (with a descender) and short. All vowels but the consonant–vowel ligature ''yew'' are short. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SaypU
SaypYu (originally SaypU) ( ; acronym for "Spell As You Pronounce Universal alphabet project") is an approximation, approximative phonetics, phonetic alphabet of 24 alphabet letters to spell languages, including English language, English. The spelling system was developed by the Syrians, Syrian banker Jaber George Jabbour to write English more phonetically. The 24-letter alphabet includes 23 Roman alphabet letters (after excluding "c", "q", and "x") and the addition of a 24th letter, the International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA letter "close-mid central unrounded vowel, ɘ" (close-mid central unrounded vowel) to play the role of schwa. The letter represents the initial sound of "ago" or "about". The SaypYu project promotes "the simple universal phonetic alphabet" which is intended to facilitate a quick and convenient writing system#Featural systems, writing system for verbally penetrating foreign situations and pronouncing unusual place-names reasonably quickly and accurately. The offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanley Morison
Stanley Arthur Morison (6 May 1889 – 11 October 1967) was a British typographer, printing executive and historian of printing. Largely self-educated, he promoted higher standards in printing and an awareness of the best printing and typefaces of the past. From the 1920s Morison became an influential adviser to the British Monotype Corporation, advising them on type design. His strong aesthetic sense was a force within the company, which starting shortly before his joining became increasingly known for commissioning popular, historically influenced designs that revived some of the best typefaces of the past, with particular attention to the middle period of printing from the Renaissance to the late eighteenth century, and creating and licensing several new type designs that would become popular. Original typefaces commissioned under Morison's involvement included Times New Roman, Gill Sans and Perpetua, while revivals of older designs included Bembo, Ehrhardt and Bell. Tim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Abercrombie (linguist)
David Abercrombie (19 December 1909 – 4 July 1992) was a British phonetician who established the Department of Phonetics at the University of Edinburgh. He was a student of J. R. Firth and Daniel Jones. He retired as Professor of Phonetics in 1980 and died in Edinburgh at the age of 82. Biography Abercrombie was born in Birkenhead on 19 December 1909. His father, Lascelles Abercrombie was a poet and his mother was Catherine, née Gwatkin, one of his three younger siblings was Michael Abercrombie, biologist. He grew up in Ryton, Gloucestershire, before returning to Cheshire on the outbreak of World War I, and moving to Leeds in 1922, when his father became the chair of English Literature at Leeds University The University of Leeds is a public research university in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. It was established in 1874 as the Yorkshire College of Science. In 1884, it merged with the Leeds School of Medicine (established 1831) and was renamed .... He attended Leeds G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Bridges
Robert Seymour Bridges (23 October 1844 – 21 April 1930) was a British poet who was Poet Laureate from 1913 to 1930. A doctor by training, he achieved literary fame only late in life. His poems reflect a deep Christian faith, and he is the author of many well-known hymns. It was through Bridges's efforts that the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins achieved posthumous fame. Personal and professional life Bridges was born at Walmer, Kent, in England, the son of John Thomas Bridges (died 1853) and his wife Harriett Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev. Sir Robert Affleck, 4th Baronet. He was the fourth son and eighth child. After his father's death his mother married again, in 1854, to John Edward Nassau Molesworth, vicar of Rochdale, and the family moved there. Bridges was educated at Eton College and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He went on to study medicine in London at St Bartholomew's Hospital, intending to practise until the age of forty and then retire to write poetry. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Regularized Inglish
Regularized Inglish is a revised English spelling system devised and advocated by Swedish linguist Axel Wijk, set out in his 1959 book ''Regularized English: An investigation into the English spelling reform problem with a new, detailed plan for a possible solution.'' Wijk's spelling system is moderate compared to other 20th century reforms. Instead of replacing current English spelling with, for example, a fully phonetic notation, Wijk's aim was to replace "inconsistencies with more regular equivalents." Furthermore, certain inconsistencies such as the use of for two separate consonant sounds (as in ''gent'' and ''goat'') are preserved, as are , and for /k/ and and for /s/. The digraph is abandoned, but is preserved where used silently: thus ''high'' but not ''rough''. Consequently, ''Regularized Inglish'' agrees with 90-95% of words spelled using the current English spelling system. Wijk proposed that there should be a separate American and English standard orthography, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orrm
Orrm, also known as Orrmin ( ; fl. 1150s–80s), was an Augustinian canon from south Lincolnshire who wrote the ''Ormulum'', a collection of verse homilies that is the oldest English autograph and one of the most significant records of Middle English. His work is a successful example of homiletics translating Latin learning to balance the needs of his fellow canons, who likely spoke Anglo-Norman French, with those of lay English-speaking audiences. Name Orrm names himself at the end of the work's dedication: (Ded. 323–24: 'Where I was christened, I was named Orrmin by name'). This name derives from Old Norse, meaning ''worm'', ''serpent'' or ''dragon''. With the suffix of "myn" for "man" (hence "Orrmin"), it was a common name throughout the Danelaw area of England. At the start of the preface, the author identifies himself again, using a different spelling of his name: "Orrm". The metre dictated the choice between each of the two forms of the name. The title of the collecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Gill The Elder
Alexander Gill the Elder (7 February 1565 – 17 November 1635), also spelled Gil, was an English scholar, spelling reformer, and high-master of St Paul's School, where his pupils included John Milton. He was the author of an English grammar, which was written, however, in Latin. Life He was born in Lincolnshire 7 February 1565, admitted as a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in September 1583, and earned a B.A. in 1586 and an M.A. in 1589. Wood believed that he was a schoolmaster in Norwich, where he was living in 1597. On 10 March 1607-8 he was appointed high-master of St. Paul's School, succeeding Richard Mulcaster. Milton was among his pupils from 1620 to 1625. entry "GILL, ALEXANDER, the elder" He had two sons, George and Alexander (b. 1597), and a daughter, Annah. George Gill would eventually become ordained. In 1628, his son Alexander was overheard drinking to the health of John Felton, who had stabbed George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham. Buckingham was a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
