|
List Of Physicists
Following is a list of physicists who are notable for their achievements. A *Aryabhatta – India (Bharat) (476–550 CE) *Jules Aarons – United States (1921–2016) *Ernst Karl Abbe – Germany (1840–1905) *Derek Abbott – Australia (born 1960) *Hasan Abdullayev – Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, Soviet Union, Azerbaijan (1918–1993) *Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov – Soviet Union, Russia (1928–2017) Nobel laureate *Robert Adler – United States (1913–2007) *Stephen L. Adler – United States (born 1939) *Franz Aepinus – Rostock (1724–1802) *Mina Aganagic – Albania, United States *David Z Albert – United States (born 1954) *Felicie Albert – France, United States *Miguel Alcubierre – Mexico (born 1964) *Zhores Ivanovich Alferov – Russia (1930–2019) Nobel laureate *Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén – Sweden (1908–1995) Nobel laureate *Alhazen – Basra, Iraq (965–1040) *Artem Alikhanian – Armenia (1908–1978) *Abram Alikhanov – Russia (1904� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who specializes in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe. Physicists generally are interested in the root or ultimate causes of Phenomenon, phenomena, and usually frame their understanding in mathematical terms. They work across a wide range of Physics#Research fields, research fields, spanning all length scales: from atom, sub-atomic and particle physics, through biological physics, to physical cosmology, cosmological length scales encompassing the universe as a whole. The field generally includes two types of physicists: Experimental physics, experimental physicists who specialize in the observation of natural phenomena and the development and analysis of experiments, and Theoretical physics, theoretical physicists who specialize in mathematical modeling of physical systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. Physicists can apply their k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artem Alikhanian
Artem Alikhanian (; ; 24 June 1908 – 25 February 1978) was a Soviet physicist of Armenian origin, one of the founders and first director of the Yerevan Physics Institute, a correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union (1946), academic of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences. With Pyotr Kapitsa, Lev Landau, Igor Kurchatov, Abram Alikhanov and others, he laid the foundations of nuclear physics in the Soviet Union. He is known as the "father of Armenian physics".Artem Alikhanian: the father of Armenian physics , ''CERN Courier'', Vol. 48, N. 6, 2008, p. 41 Biography Artem Alikhanian was born in Elizavetpol, Russian Empire, to an ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Warren Anderson
Philip Warren Anderson (December 13, 1923 – March 29, 2020) was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate. Anderson made contributions to the theories of Anderson localization, localization, antiferromagnetism, symmetry breaking (including a paper in 1962 discussing symmetry breaking in particle physics, leading to the development of the Standard Model around 10 years later), and high-temperature superconductivity, and to the philosophy of science through his writings on emergent phenomena. Anderson is also responsible for naming the field of physics that is now known as condensed matter physics. Education and early life Anderson was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and grew up in Urbana, Illinois. His father, Harry Warren Anderson, was a professor of plant pathology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; his maternal grandfather was a mathematician at Wabash College, where Anderson's father studied; and his m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Henrik Andersen
Hans Henrik Andersen (May 1, 1937 in Frederiksberg, Denmark – November 3, 2012) was a professor at the Niels Bohr Institute at the University of Copenhagen (emeritus since 2004). He was the founder and subsequently co-editor of the scientific journal " Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B". He has made important contributions to various fields of atomic physics and solid state physics, especially in the field of the stopping power of matter for fast charged particles. The accuracy (0.3–0.5%) of his measurements is unsurpassed even today (2006). They were done by measuring the amount of heat deposited in a foil at the temperature of liquid helium (−269 °C). Together with his collaborators, he succeeded in showing in 1969 that the stopping power for fast alpha particles is more than four times as large as that for protons. Since the atomic number The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol ''Z'') of a chemical element is the charge number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anja Cetti Andersen
Anja Cetti Andersen (born 25 September 1965) is an astronomer and astrophysicist from Hørsholm, Denmark. Life She received her BSc in 1991, MSc in astronomy in 1995, and her PhD in 1999, from the University of Copenhagen. Her thesis was titled "Cosmic Dust and Late-Type Stars". Her postdoctoral research was funded by the Carlsberg Foundation, firstly at the Department of Astronomy & Space Physics, Uppsala University, and then at the Astronomical Observatory at the University of Copenhagen. After this she was funded by her home institution and received a Diploma in Higher Education Teaching and Teaching Practice from the Faculty of Sciences. Her interest in astronomy was kindled when she was in the seventh grade, after a visit to her school from Uffe Grae Jorgensen, a Danish astronomer, and with whom she now works in Copenhagen. She has three children, Julie, Cecilie and Jakob. Career Her work concentrates on cosmic dust, and its role "in relation to the formation of com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André-Marie Ampère
André-Marie Ampère (, ; ; 20 January 177510 June 1836) was a French physicist and mathematician who was one of the founders of the science of classical electromagnetism, which he referred to as ''electrodynamics''. He is also the inventor of numerous applications, such as the solenoid (a term coined by him) and the electrical telegraph. As an autodidact, Ampère was a member of the French Academy of Sciences and professor at the École polytechnique and the Collège de France. The SI unit of electric current, the ampere (A), is named after him. His name is also one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel Tower. The term ''kinematic'' is the English version of his ''cinématique'', which he constructed from the Greek ''kinema'' ("movement, motion"), itself derived from ''kinein'' ("to move"). Biography Early life André-Marie Ampère was born on 20 January 1775 in Lyon to Jean-Jacques Ampère, a prosperous businessman, and Jeanne Antoinette Desutières-Sarcey Ampè ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viktor Ambartsumian
Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian (; , ''Viktor Hamazaspi Hambardzumyan''; 12 August 1996) was a Soviet and Armenian astrophysicist and science administrator. One of the 20th century's leading astronomers, he is widely regarded as the founder of theoretical astrophysics in the Soviet Union. Educated at Leningrad State University (LSU) and the Pulkovo Observatory, Ambartsumian taught at LSU and founded the Soviet Union's first department of astrophysics there in 1934. He subsequently moved to Soviet Armenia, where he founded the Byurakan Observatory in 1946. It became his institutional base for the decades to come and a major center of astronomical research. He also co-founded the Armenian Academy of Sciences and led it for almost half a century—the entire post-war period. One commentator noted that "science in Armenia was synonymous with the name Ambartsumian." In 1965 Ambartsumian founded the journal '' Astrofizika'' and served as its editor for over 20 years. Ambartsumia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Walter Alvarez
Luis Walter Alvarez (June 13, 1911 – September 1, 1988) was an American experimental physicist, inventor, and professor who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968 for his discovery of resonance (particle physics), resonance states in particle physics using the Bubble chamber, hydrogen bubble chamber. In 2007 the ''American Journal of Physics'' commented, "Luis Alvarez was one of the most brilliant and productive experimental physicists of the twentieth century." After receiving his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1936, Alvarez went to work for Ernest Lawrence at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. Alvarez devised a set of experiments to observe K-electron capture in radioactivity, radioactive nuclei, predicted by the beta decay theory but never before observed. He produced tritium using the cyclotron and measured its lifetime. In collaboration with Felix Bloch, he measured the Neutron magnetic momen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semen Altshuler
Semyon Alexandrovich Altshuler (also Altshuller, Al'tshuler or Al'shuller; ; ; September 24, 1911 – January 24, 1983) was a Soviet physicist known for his work in resonance spectroscopy and in particular for theoretical prediction of acoustic paramagnetic resonance in 1952.Kochelaev p.100 Early years Altshuler was born in 1911 in Vitebsk, in the Russian Empire. He finished school in Nizhny Novgorod and later moved to Kazan, where he spent most of his life. In 1928, he entered the physics faculty of the Kazan University aiming to study theoretical physics. He graduated in 1932 and obtained a post-graduate scholarship, but had to change university due to the scholarship rules. He moved to Moscow to study with Igor Tamm whom he admired for his books on electricity and magnetism. In 1934, Altshuler and Tamm published a famous article which predicted the existence of the magnetic moment of neutron and correctly estimated its value and sign. This idea was so unusual then that even Ni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ralph Asher Alpher
Ralph Asher Alpher (February 3, 1921 – August 12, 2007) was an American cosmologist, who carried out pioneering work in the early 1950s on the Big Bang model, including Big Bang nucleosynthesis and predictions of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Childhood and education Alpher was the son of a Jewish immigrant, Samuel Alpher ( Ilfirovich), from Vitebsk, Russian Empire. His mother, Rose Maleson, died of stomach cancer in 1938, and his father later remarried. Alpher graduated at age 15 from Theodore Roosevelt High School in Washington, D.C., and held the ranks of Major and Commander of his school's Cadet program. He worked in the high school theater as stage manager for two years, supplementing his family's Depression-era income. He also learned Gregg shorthand, and in 1937 began working for the director of the American Geophysical Union as a stenographer. In 1940, he was hired by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism of the Carnegie Foundation, where he work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yakov Lvovich Alpert
Yakov Lvovich Alpert (; March 1, 1911 – October 5, 2010) was a Russian-born American physicist whose principal field of research was space plasma physics. Biography He was born in Ivnytsia, a village near Zhytomyr, in the Russian Empire. In 1928 he obtained an excellent grade in the entrance examination for the Ukrainian Polytechnic Institute, but because his father, a commercial traveler, was considered not to be a worker, he was refused admission; instead, he took employment as a carpenter. In 1929 he left Zhitomir for Moscow, where he worked first as a builder's labourer, then as a draughtsman for architectural exhibitions. He was able to get a job as a technician at the Radio Institute of the Ministry of Communications in 1931, and from that time he remained in his chosen field of physics. During his scientific career in the USSR, Alpert worked from 1931 to 1934 at the Communications Radio Institute; then, from 1935 until 1951 at the Lebedev Physical Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samuel King Allison
Samuel King Allison (November 13, 1900 – September 15, 1965) was an American physicist, most notable for his role in the Manhattan Project, for which he was awarded the Medal for Merit. A professor who studied X-rays, he was director of the Metallurgical Laboratory from 1943 until 1944, and later worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory — where he "rode herd" on the final stages of the project as part of the "Cowpuncher Committee", and read the countdown for the detonation of the Trinity nuclear test. After the war, he returned to the University of Chicago to direct the Institute for Nuclear Studies and was involved in the "scientists' movement", lobbying for civilian control of nuclear weapons. Early life Allison was born in Chicago, Illinois, on November 13, 1900, the son of Samuel Buell Allison, an elementary school principal. He was educated at John Fiske Grammar School and Hyde Park High School. He entered the University of Chicago in 1917, and participated in varsity s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
