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List Of Endangered Languages In India
An endangered language is a language that is at a risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": * Vulnerable * Definitely endangered * Severely endangered * Critically endangered List The following table lists the 192 languages of India that are classified as vulnerable or endangered. References {{Languages of India India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ... Languages of India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a " dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an " extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers left. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, endangered languages are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or one spoken more widely, leading to the gradual decline and eventual death of the endangered language. The process of language shift is often infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghati Language
Mahasu Pahari (Takri: ) is a Western Pahari language spoken in Himachal Pradesh. It is also known as Mahasui or Mahasuvi. The speaking population is about 1,000,000 (2001). It is more commonly spoken in the Himachal Pradesh, Shimla (Simla) and Solan districts. It is to be known that Shimla and Solan were parts of the old Mahasu district. Himachal Pradesh State on 1 September 1972 reorganised the districts dissolving Mahasu district. The Solan district was carved out of Solan and Arki tehsils of the then Mahasu district and tehsils of Kandaghat and Nalagarh of the then Shimla District of Punjab. Area According to different locations, the language has developed several dialects. Lower Mahasu Pahari (Baghati, Baghliani, Kiunthali), Upper Mahasu Pahari ( Rampuri, Rohruri, Shimla Siraji, Sodochi). The Kiunthali variety appears to be understood by others, and their attitude toward it is favorable. Rampuri is also called Kochi; Rohruri is also called Soracholi; and Sodochi is also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishnupriya Manipuri Language
Bishnupriya Manipuri, also known as Bishnupriya Meitei or simply as Bishnupriya, is an Indo-Aryan lect belonging to the Bengali–Assamese linguistic sub-branch. It is a creole of Bengali language and ''Meitei language (also called Manipuri language)'' and it still retains its pre-Bengali features. It is spoken in parts of the Indian states of Assam, Tripura and Manipur as well as in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh. It uses the Bengali-Assamese script as its writing system. Bishnupriya Manipuri, being a member of the Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, was evolved from Magadhi Prakrit. So, its origin is associated with Magadha realm.South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, By Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills, Routledge, 2003, p. 203Ray, Tapas S. (2007)"Chapter Eleven: "Oriya" In Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George. ''The Indo-Aryan Languages''. Routledge. p. 445. . The Government of Tripura categorised Bishnnupriya Manipuri under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birhor Language
The Birhor language is a highly endangered Munda language spoken by the Birhor people in Chhattisgarh, Odisha, West Bengal, and Maharashtra states in India. The Birhor are found mostly in Chota Nagpur and Santhal Paragana, with the Uthlu Birhors living near Bishunpur, Gumla district, Jharkhand (along the western border with Chhattisgarh). Status Birhor speakers are shifting towards Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ..., and a small minority know Ho. There are few available educational resources available in Birhor. According to Living Tongues Institute for Endangered Languages, "The Birhor are a Munda-speaking, forest-dependent semi-nomadic tribal community with fewer than 20,000 members ..Only a few thousand fluent speakers of the Birhor language remai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biete Language
The Biate language, also known as Biete language, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Biate people in several parts of northeast India. Biate is pronounced as Bia-te (the e in te pronounced as "a"). Geographical distribution Biate is spoken in the following locations (''Ethnologue''). *Assam: Dima Hasao District and Cachar district *Meghalaya: West Jaintia Hills, East Jaintia Hills and East Khasi Hills district *Manipur: Churachandpur district *Mizoram: Aizawl district *Tripura Tripura () is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. The List of states and union territories of India by area, third-smallest state in the country, it covers ; and the seventh-least populous state with a populat ...: Jampui Hills Basic vocabulary Numbers References Languages of Assam Languages of Manipur Languages of Meghalaya Languages of Mizoram Endangered languages of India {{st-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhumji Language
Halbi (also Bastari, Halba, Halvas, Halabi, Halvi) is an Eastern Indo-Aryan language, transitional between Odia and Marathi. It is spoken by at least 766,297 people across the central part of India. The Mehari (or Mahari) dialect is mutually intelligible with the other dialects only with difficulty. There are an estimated 200,000 second-language speakers (as of 2001). In Chhattisgarh educated people are fluent in Hindi. Some first language speakers use Bhatri as second language. Halbi is often used as a trade language, but there is a low literacy rate. It is written in the Odia and Devanagari scripts. It uses SOV word order (subject-object-verb), makes strong use of affix In linguistics, an affix is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are Morphological derivation, derivational and inflectional affixes. Derivational affixes, such as ''un-'', ''-ation' ...es, and places adjectives before nouns. Phonology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhumij Language
Bhumij is an Austroasiatic language belonging to the Munda subfamily, related to Ho, Mundari, and Santali, primarily spoken by Bhumij peoples in the Indian states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal. As per the 2011 census, only 27,506 people out of 911,349 Bhumij people spoke Bhumij as their mother tongue, as most Bhumijas have shifted to one of the regional dominant languages. Thus the language is considered an extremely endangered language. History Bhumij speakers have traditionally lived throughout the Kherwarian area in the modern states of Jharkhand, Orissa and West Bengal. While spoken by very few Bhumij people today, it was much more widespread historically. Those who lived east in Dhalbhum mostly shifted to the Bengali language and lost their local tongue, while those who lived around the Chota Nagpur Plateau held on to their language. However, the number of Bhumij speakers has significantly declined since the early 20th century. This decline attributed to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bharmauri Language
Gaddi (also called Gaddki, Gaddiyali or Bharmauri; Takri: ) is an Indo-Aryan language of India. It is spoken by the Gaddi people primarily residing in the Bharmour region of Chamba district and the upper reaches of Kangra district Kangra district is the most populous district of Himachal Pradesh, India. Dharamshala is the administrative headquarters of the district. History Kangra is known for having one of the oldest serving Royal Dynasty in the world, the Katoch of ... in Himachal Pradesh. It is also spoken in neighbouring parts of Jammu region, Jammu, with Gaddi villages found in Udhampur district, Udhampur, Kathua district, Kathua and Doda district, Doda districts.The language has traditionally been written using the Takri script. Dialects There are four dialects of the language: *The first one is spoken in the entire Bharmour, Bharmaur, Chhatrari and Bhatyat Tehsils of Chamba district, Chamba and Gaddi speaking regions of Kangra district, Kangra district. *The s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhalesi Language
Bhalesi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Bhalessa region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is a member of the Bhadarwahi group of dialects under the Western Pahari subgroup. The region is locally known as ''Bhalessa'' (with variants like ''Bhalesh''), or as ''Bhal'', and from these terms derive the local names for the dialect: and (with variants , ). The region mostly takes up two adjacent mountain valleys, with the main settlements being Kahra, Gandoh, Kilhotran, Jakyas, Bhatyas, and Juggasar. The neighbouring languages are Chinali, Pangwali and Chambeali to the south-east, Padri to the north-east, Kishtwari to the north-west, Sarazi to the west, and Bhadarwahi to the south. Features that distinguish Bhalesi from the other Bhadarwahi dialects include the preponderence of diphthongs, and the dropping of between vowels (e.g. Bhalesi vs. Bhadarwahi 'black'). An unusual feature is found in one of the patterns for the formation of the plural of feminine nouns, adjec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhadravahi Language
Bhadarwahi (Bhadrawahi) is an indigenous language of the Indian subcontinent, belonging to the Western Pahari group. It is spoken by the Bhadarwahi people in the Bhadarwah region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The language traces its origins to Sanskrit, the ancient and indigenous linguistic heritage of the region, and has evolved naturally within the cultural context of the area. The name Bhadarwahi can be understood either in a narrow sense as referring to the dialect, locally known as Bhiḍlāi, native to the Bhadarwah valley, or in a broader sense to cover the group of related dialects spoken in the wider region where Bhadarwahi proper is used as a lingua franca. In addition to Bhadarwahi proper, this group also includes Bhalesi, and Khasali (Khashali) dialect. The Churahi language is closely related. The name of the language is spelt in the Takri as . Variants include ''Bhaderwahi'' (), ''Baderwali'' (), ''Bhadri'' (), Badrohi (), ''Bhadlayi'' (), and ''Bhadlai'' () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellari Language
Bellari is a Dravidian variety of India spoken by about 1,000 Bellara, a Scheduled Caste of Karnataka and Kerala. It is reportedly close to Tulu and Koraga (especially the former), but it is not known if it is a separate language or a dialect of Tulu.Sanford Steever, 1998, ''The Dravidian Languages'' A community of fifty families of basket-weavers lives in Kundapura Taluk in coastal Karnataka Karnataka ( ) is a States and union territories of India, state in the southwestern region of India. It was Unification of Karnataka, formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, States Re .... References Dravidian languages Endangered languages of India {{Dr-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bawm Language
Bawm or Bawm Zo, also known as Banjogi, is a Kuki-Chin language primarily spoken in Bangladesh. It is also spoken in adjacent regions of Northeast India and Myanmar (Burma). The Bawms that live on the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh call their settlements "Bawmram", which literally means an area or location inhabited by Bawms. In Mizoram, India, Bawm is spoken in Chhimtuipui district, Lunglei district, and Aizawl district (''Ethnologue''). It is also spoken in the states of Tripura and Assam. General information Most of the Zohnahthlak communities live in Rangamati and Bandarban districts of Chittagong division in Bangladesh, with most of the Bawm community residing in the Bethel Para in Ruma subdistrict and Thanci subdistrict of the Bandarban district. Also, the Bawm reside in the Rangamati Sadar and Barkal and Bilaichari subdistricts of the Rangamati district. Bawm language is fairly developed and contains a good amount of literature including dictionaries, relig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
