|
List Of Endangered Languages In China
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": * Vulnerable * Definitely endangered * Severely endangered * Critically endangered Languages See also * Lists of endangered languages * Red Book of Endangered Languages * Affirmative action in China * List of endangered languages in Russia References {{Reflist China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ... Human rights of ethnic minorities in China Separatism in China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Language
An endangered language or moribund language is a language that is at risk of disappearing as its speakers die out or shift to speaking other languages. Language loss occurs when the language has no more native speakers and becomes a " dead language". If no one can speak the language at all, it becomes an " extinct language". A dead language may still be studied through recordings or writings, but it is still dead or extinct unless there are fluent speakers left. Although languages have always become extinct throughout human history, endangered languages are currently dying at an accelerated rate because of globalization, mass migration, cultural replacement, imperialism, neocolonialism and linguicide (language killing). Language shift most commonly occurs when speakers switch to a language associated with social or economic power or one spoken more widely, leading to the gradual decline and eventual death of the endangered language. The process of language shift is often infl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonan Language
The Bonan language (pronounced , ''Baonang''; Chinese: , ''Bǎo'ānyǔ''; Amdo Tibetan: ''Dorké''), also known by its endonym Manikacha (Tibetan: ; Wylie: ''Ma ni skad ci''), is the Mongolic language of the Bonan people of China. As of 1985, it was spoken by about 8,000 people, including about 75% of the total Bonan ethnic population and many ethnic Monguor, in Gansu and Qinghai Provinces. There are several dialects, which are influenced to varying degrees – but always heavily – by Chinese and Tibetan, while bilingualism in Wutun is less common. The most commonly studied is the Tongren dialect. Bonan is not typically written by speakers, though there is a folk practice of writing Bonan with the Tibetan syllabary following Amdo pronunciation. Phonology Bonan phonology has been heavily influenced by Tibetan. Consonants possess a voicing contrast. Initial consonant clusters of mostly falling sonority are present in native words, as are heavy diphthongs, though the conten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siberian Turkic Languages
The Siberian Turkic or Northeastern Common Turkic languages, are a sub-branch of the Turkic language family. The following table is based upon the classification scheme presented by Lars Johanson (1998). All languages of the branch combined have approximately 670,000 native and second language speakers, with most widely spoken members being Yakut ( 450,000 speakers), Tuvan ( 130,000 speakers), Northern Altai ( 57,000 speakers) and Khakas ( 29,000 speakers). Despite their usual English name, two major Turkic languages spoken in Siberia, Siberian Tatar and Southern Altai, are not classified as Siberian Turkic, but are rather part of the Kipchak subgroup. Many of these languages have a Yeniseian substratum. Classification Alexander Vovin Alexander Vladimirovich Vovin (; 27 January 1961 – 8 April 2022) was a Soviet-born Russian-American linguist and philologist, and director of studies at the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (EHESS) in Paris, Fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuyu Kyrgyz Language
Fuyu Kyrgyz (''Fuyü Gïrgïs, Fu-Yu Kirgiz''), also known as Manchurian Kirghiz, is a critically endangered Turkic language, and as , ''Gïrgïs'', ''Kyrgysdar'' is an ethnonym of the Turkic unrecognized ethnic group in China. Despite the name, the Fuyu Kyrgyz language is not closely related to the Kyrgyz language, which is of Kipchak origin. The Fuyu Kyrgyz language is more similar to the Western Yugur language and the Abakan Turkic languages. The Fuyu Kyrgyz were relocated from the present day Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture by the Qing government nearly 200 years ago. In 1761, after the Dzungars were defeated by the Qing, a group of Yenisei Kirghiz were deported (along with some Öelet or Oirat-speaking Dzungars) to the Nonni (Nen) river basin in Manchuria/Northeast China. The Kyrgyz in Manchuria became known as the Fuyu Kyrgyz, but many have become merged into the Mongol and Chinese population. Chinese and Oirat replaced Oirat and Kirghiz during the period of Ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evenki Language
Evenki ( ), formerly known as Tungus, is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and the more closely related Oroqen language. The name is sometimes wrongly given as "Evenks". It is spoken by the Evenki or Ewenkī(s) in Russia and China. In certain areas the influences of the Yakut and the Buryat languages are particularly strong. The influence of Russian in general is overwhelming (in 1979, 75.2% of the Evenkis spoke Russian, rising to 92.7% in 2002). Evenki children were forced to learn Russian at Soviet residential schools, and returned with a "poor ability to speak their mother tongue...". The Evenki language varies considerably among its dialects, which are divided into three large groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialects. These are further divided into minor dialects. A written language was created for Evenkis in the Soviet Union in 1931, first using a Latin alphabet, and from 1937 a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ersu Language
The Ersu language proper ( ''Ěrsū'') is a Sino-Tibetan ( Trans-Himalayan language) spoken in western Sichuan, China. It is the most widely spoken of the three Ersu languages. There are 13,000 speakers according to Sun (1982). Varieties Yu (2012) lists three varieties of Ersu, all of which are spoken in southern Sichuan. *Zeluo Ersu: Sun (1982, 1991) documents Ersu of Zela Township 则拉乡 (or Zeluo 则洛), Yutian District 玉田区, Ganluo County 甘洛县, Sichuan (Sun 1991:231). *Qingshui Ersu: The Qingshui dialect of Ersu documented by Liu (1983) is spoken in Qingshui Village 清水村, Liaoping Township 廖坪乡, Ganluo County 甘洛县, Sichuan. *Hanyuan Ersu (extinct): Ersu of Hanyuan County, Sichuan, which is now extinct, was documented in Baber (1882).Baber, E. Colborne. 1882. ''Travels and researches in the interior of China'', volume 1, pt. 1 of ''Royal Geographical Society of London, Supplementary Papers''. London: J. Murray. Classification In older literature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dagur Language
The Dagur, Daghur, Dahur, or Daur language, is a Mongolic language, as well as a distinct branch of the Mongolic language family, and is primarily spoken by members of the Daur ethnic group. There is no written standard in use, although a Pinyin-based orthography has been devised; instead the Dagur make use of Mongolian or Chinese, as most speakers know these languages as well. During the time of the Qing dynasty, Dagur was written with the Manchu alphabet. Distribution Dagur is a Mongolic language consisting of five dialects: *Amur Dagur in the vicinity of Heihe (original homeland). About 400 people. *Nonni Dagur on the west side of the Nonni River from south of Qiqihar up to Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner. Speakers of Nonni Dagur are usually grouped into the following 4 dialects: **Morin Daba Dagur, in Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner (Moli Daba) of Hulun Buir League, Inner Mongolia **Butha (Buteha) (Northern) Dagur, immediately south of Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosung Language
Kucong (Khucong, Cosung), or Lahlu, is a Loloish language of Yunnan, China and Vietnam, primarily spoken by the Kucong people. In Vietnam, the speakers' autonym is ', and they are also known as the ''La Hủ Na'' 'Black Lahu'. The language is very closely related to Lahu. Distribution Kucong is spoken in China and Vietnam. Vietnam Kucong, or Black Lahu, is spoken in the following villages of Ca Lăng Commune, Mường Tè District, Lai Châu Province, Vietnam. *Nậm Phìn *Nậm Khao *Nậm Cấu *Phìn Hồ *Nậm Xả The Kucong, or Black Lahu, live adjacently to the La Hủ Sủ (Yellow Lahu) and La Hủ Phung (White Lahu). The Yellow Lahu are distributed in the following locations. *Pa Vệ Sủ Commune *Pa Ủ Commune *Ca Lăng Commune (in Là Pé, Nhu Tè, and Hóm Bô) The White Lahu live in the following locations, often together with the Yellow Lahu. *Pa Ủ Commune (in Xà Hồ, Ử Ma, Pha Bu, Pa Ử, and Khồ Ma) *Ca Lăng Commune (in Hà Xe) The Kucong an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choyi Language
Queyu (Choyo, Choyu) is a Qiangic language of Yajiang County and Xinlong County, Sichuan. It is similar with and shares a name with Zhaba, but the two languages are distinct from each other. Dialects The four dialects of Choyo are those of:Suzuki, Hiroyuki and Sonam Wangmo. 2016. “Lhagang Choyu: A first look at its sociolinguistic status”''Studies in Asian Geolinguistics II: Rice'' pp.60–69. *Youlaxi Township 尤拉西乡, Xinlong County (Wang 1991; Huang ed. 1992) (which also has Western Horpa speakersSun, Jackson T.-S. 2018. The Ancestry of Horpa: Further Morphological Evidence'. Taipei: Academia Sinica.) *Rongba Township 绒坝乡, Litang County (Nishida 2008) *Tuanjie Township 团结乡, Yajiang County (Lu 1985; Sun ed. 1991) *Xiala Township 呷拉乡, Yajiang County (Prins & Nagano 2013) (which also has Dao speakers) Suzuki & Wangmo (2016) consider the Lhagang Choyu language to be similar to but not part of Choyu proper, which consists of the four dialects lis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chintaw Language
The Achang language (Achang: '; , ) is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken by the Achang (also known as Maingtha and Ngochang) in Yunnan, China, and northern Myanmar. Distribution Achang is spoken in the following locations: * Longchuan County, Dehong Prefecture ** Husa * Lianghe County, Dehong Prefecture ** Zhedao ** Xiangsong ** Dachang * Luxi City, Dehong Prefecture ** Jiangdong * Longling County, Baoshan The three main dialects of Achang in China are: *''Longchuan'' 陇川方言 *''Lianghe'' 梁河方言 *''Mangshi'' 芒市方言 (formerly known as ''Luxi'' 潞西方言) The Xiandao dialect (100 speakers; autonym: ''Chintaw'' //) is spoken in the following two locations in Yingjiang County Yingjiang County ( zh, t=盈江縣, s=盈江县, p=Yíngjiāng Xiàn; ; Jingpho: ; ) is a county in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan province, China, bordering Tengchong to the east, Lianghe County to the southeast, Longchuan County to the south and ..., Dehong Prefecture (''Xian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chesu Language
Chesu 车苏 is a Loloish language spoken in southern Shuangbai County, northern Xinping County, and Eshan County in Yunnan, China. The Chesu refer to themselves as ' or ' (Jishupo 吉输颇).Long Luogui 龙倮贵. 2007. ''Honghe yizu zuyuan zucheng ji qi renkou fenbu'红河彝族族源族称及其人口分布. Yunnan (1955) reports that Chesu is spoken mostly in Taihe Township 太和乡, with a population of over 360 as of 1955. (1955), p.40 '' Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It w ...
< ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buyang Language
Buyang () is a Kra language spoken in Guangnan and Funing counties, Yunnan Province, China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ... by the Buyang people. It is important to the reconstruction of the hypothetical macrofamily Austro-Tai as it retains the disyllabic roots characteristic of Austronesian languages. Examples are "to die", "eye", "head", and "eight". (See Austro-Tai for proposed connections.) The Buyang language was initially documented in 1990 by Chinese linguist Liang Min. In 1999, a doctoral dissertation and book was published for Buyang. The book has also recently been translated into English. Many speakers of Buyang are also fluent in Zhuang. Subdivisions The Buyang (布央) dialect cluster is spoken by a total of around 2,000 people livin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
