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List Of Cuneiform Signs
Cuneiform is one of the earliest systems of writing, emerging in Sumer in the late fourth millennium BC. Archaic versions of cuneiform writing, including the Third Dynasty of Ur, Ur III (and earlier, Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia), ED III cuneiform of literature such as the Barton Cylinder) are not included due to extreme complexity of arranging them consistently and unequivocally by the shape of their signs;Bendt Alster, "On the Earliest Sumerian Literary Tradition," ''Journal of Cuneiform Studies'' 28 (1976) 109-126/ref> see Early Dynastic Cuneiform for the Unicode block. The columns within the list contain: #MesZL: Sign index in Rykle Borger's (2004) ''Mesopotamisches Zeichenlexikon''. #ŠL/HA: Sign index in Deimel's ''Šumerisches Lexikon'' (ŠL), completed and accommodated in Ellermeier and Studt's ''Handbuch Assur'' (HA). #aBZL: Sign index in Mittermayer's (2006) ''Altbabylonische Zeichenliste der sumerisch-literarischen Texte''. #HethZL'':'' Sign index in Rüster and Neu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform scripts are marked by and named for the characteristic wedge-shaped impressions (Latin: ) which form their Grapheme, signs. Cuneiform is the History of writing#Inventions of writing, earliest known writing system and was originally developed to write the Sumerian language of southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian. Akkadian language, Akkadian texts are attested from the 24th century BC onward and make up the bulk of the cuneiform record. Akkadian cuneiform was itself adapted to write the Hittite language in the early second millennium BC. The other languages with significant cuneiform Text corpus, corpora are Eblaite language, Eblaite, Elamit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KI (earth)
Ki (Sumerian: ) was the earth goddess in Sumerian religion, chief consort of the sky god An. In some legends, Ki and An were brother and sister, being the offspring of Anshar ("Sky Pivot") and Kishar ("Earth Pivot"), earlier personifications of the heavens and earth. By her consort Anu (also known as Anunna), Ki gave birth to Anunnaki; the most prominent of these deities being Enlil, god of the air. According to legends, the heavens and earth were once inseparable until Enlil was born; Enlil cleaved the heavens and earth in two. An carried away the heavens. Ki, in company with Enlil, took the Earth. Ki marries her son, Enlil, and from this union all the plant and animal life on Earth is produced. Some authorities question whether Ki was regarded as a deity since there is no evidence of a cult and the name appears only in a limited number of Sumerian creation texts. Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag and claims that they were originally the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glossenkeil
The ''Winkelhaken'' (, "angular hook"), also simply called a hook, is one of five basic wedge elements appearing in the composition of signs in Akkadian cuneiform. It was realized by pressing the point of the stylus into the clay. A single Winkelhaken corresponds to the sign (Borger 1981 nr. 411, Borger 2003 nr. 661), encoded in Unicode at code point U+1230B . other signs consisting of Winkelhaken: *A ''Glossenkeil'' (Borger nr. 378) is a cuneiform character, consisting of either two Winkelhaken (U+12471 ), or of two parallel short diagonal wedges (U+12472 , similar to GAM), Borger 2003 nr. 592, which serves as a sort of punctuation Punctuation marks are marks indicating how a piece of writing, written text should be read (silently or aloud) and, consequently, understood. The oldest known examples of punctuation marks were found in the Mesha Stele from the 9th century BC, c ..., as it were as quote sign, marking foreign words or names, or as separation mark, transliterated a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agade
Akkad (; also spelt Accad, Akkade, a-ka₃-de₂ki or Agade, Akkadian: , also URI KI in Sumerian during the Ur III period) was the capital of the Akkadian Empire, which was the dominant political force in Mesopotamia during a period of about 150 years in the last third of the 3rd millennium BC. Its location is unknown. In the early days of research various unidentified mounds were considered as the location of Akkad. In modern times most of the attention has focused on an area roughly defined by 1) near Eshnunna, 2) near Sippar, 3) not far from Kish and Babylon, 4) near the Tigris River, and 5) not far from the Diyala River – all within roughly 30 kilometers of modern Baghdad in central Iraq. There are also location proposals as far afield as the Mosul area in northern Iraq. The main goddess of Akkad was Ishtar-Annunitum or ''‘Aštar-annunîtum'' (Warlike Ishtar), though it may have been a different aspect, Istar- Ulmašītum. Her husband Ilaba was also revered. Isht ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAL (cuneiform)
GAL (Borger 2003 nr. 553; U+120F2 𒃲) is the Sumerian cuneiform Cuneiform is a Logogram, logo-Syllabary, syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East. The script was in active use from the early Bronze Age until the beginning of the Common Era. Cuneiform script ... for "great". See also * LÚ.GAL (King, i.e. ''Man–Great'') * DEREŠ.KI.GAL References Sumerian words and phrases Cuneiform determinatives Cuneiform signs {{Semitic-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
É (temple)
É (Cuneiform: ) is the Sumerian word or symbol for house or temple. The Sumerian term É.GAL (𒂍𒃲,"palace", literally "big house") denoted a city's main building. É.LUGAL (𒂍𒈗,"king's house") was used synonymously. In the texts of Lagash, the É.GAL is the center of the ensi's administration of the city, and the site of the city archives. Sumerian É.GAL is the probable etymology of Semitic words for "palace, temple", such as Hebrew היכל ''heikhal'', and Arabic هيكل ''haykal''. It has thus been speculated that the word É originated from something akin to *hai or *ˀai, especially since the cuneiform sign È is used for /a/ in Eblaite. The term TEMEN (𒋼) appearing frequently after É in names of ziggurats is translated as "foundation pegs", apparently the first step in the construction process of a house; compare, for example, verses 551–561 of the account of the construction of E-ninnu: ''Temen'' has been occasionally compared to Greek '' temenos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LUGAL
( Sumerian: ) is the Sumerian term for "king, ruler". Literally, the term means "big man." In Sumerian, ''lú'' " 𒇽" is "man" and ''gal'' " 𒃲" is "great", or "big." It was one of several Sumerian titles that a ruler of a city-state could bear (alongside '' en'' and '' ensi'', the exact difference being a subject of debate). The sign eventually became the predominant logograph for "King" in general. In the Sumerian language, is used to mean an owner (e.g. of a boat or a field) or a head (of a unit such as a family). As a cuneiform logograph (Sumerogram) LUGAL (Unicode: 𒈗, rendered in Neo Assyrian). Cuneiform The cuneiform sign LUGAL 𒈗 (Borger nr. 151, Unicode U+12217) serves as a determinative in cuneiform texts ( Sumerian, Akkadian and Hittite), indicating that the following word is the name of a king. In Akkadian orthography, it may also be a syllabogram ''šàr'', acrophonically based on the Akkadian for "king", ''šarrum''. Unicode also includes the cuneif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
𒂗
En (Borger 2003 nr. 164 ; U+12097 𒂗, see also Ensí) is the Sumerian cuneiform for 'lord/lady' or 'priest ss. Originally, it seems to have been used to designate a high priest or priestess of a Sumerian city-state's patron-deity – a position that entailed political power as well. It may also have been the original title of the ruler of Uruk. See ''Lugal, ensi and en'' for more details. Deities including En as part of their name include DEnlil, DEnki, DEngurun, and DEnzu. Enheduanna, Akkadian 2285 BC – 2250 BC was the first known holder of the title En, here meaning 'Priestess'. Archaic forms The corresponding Emesal dialect word was UMUN, which may preserve an archaic form of the word. Earlier Emeg̃ir (the standard dialect of Sumerian) forms can be postulated as *''ewen'' or *''emen'', eventually dropping the middle consonant and becoming the familiar EN. Amarna letters: ''bêlu'' The 1350 BC Amarna letters use EN for '' bêlu'', though not exclusively. The mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TI (cuneiform)
Cuneiform TI or TÌL (Borger 2003 nr.; U+122FE 𒋾) has the main meaning of "life" when used ideographically. The written sign developed from the drawing of an arrow, since the words meaning "arrow" and "life" were pronounced similarly in the Sumerian language. With the determinative UZU 𒍜 "flesh, meat", UZUTI, it means "rib". This homophony is exploited in the myth of Ninti (𒊩𒌆𒋾 NIN.TI "lady of life" or "lady of the rib"), created by Ninhursag to cure the ailing Enki. Since Eve is called "mother of life" in Genesis, together with her being taken from Adam's ''tsela`'' "side, rib", the story of Adam and Eve has sometimes been considered to derive from that of Ninti. In Akkadian orthography, the sign has the syllabic values ''di'' or ''ṭi'', in Hittite ''ti'', ''di'' or ''te''. Tu-Ta-Ti writing study tablets See TU-TA-TI scribe study tablets (Cuneiform) Instructional tablets for teaching scribes with the same text have been found all over Mesopotamia, in N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
URU (cuneiform)
Uru or URU may refer to: Language * Uru dialect of Central Kilimanjaro, a Bantu language of Tanzania * Uru language, the extinct language of the Uros, an Amerindian people * Urumi language, an extinct language of the Amazon region of Brazil * URU (Sumerogram), a relatively distinctive sign in the cuneiform sign lists * Urú, the addition of a preceding letter to indicate eclipsis in the Irish language; see Places * Uruguay, IOC country code * Üru, a village in Saare County, Estonia * Uru, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran * Uru, São Paulo, a city in Brazil * Uru Uru Lake, a lake south of the Bolivian town of Oruro * Uru Harbour Airport, an airport on Malaita, Solomon Islands * Uru River (Goiás), a river of central Brazil * Uru River (Maranhão), a river of northeastern Brazil * Uyu River, or Uru River, a river of Myanmar * Rafael Urdaneta University, a university in Venezuela * Uru Shimbwe, town in Tanzania People * Uru people, a group of pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
